Stylistic Inversion

“Inversion is a SD in which the direct word order is changed either completely so that predicate precedes the subject or partially so that the object precedes the subject-predicate pair.”33 For example, Never had Henry Pootel-Piglet run so fast as he ran then. (A. Miln) We should remember that the stylistic device of Inversion should not be confused with grammatical inversion which is a norm in interrogative construction: Is he still hesitating?

Repetition

“Repetition is a recurrence of the same word, word combination or phrase for two or more times.”34

The sentence Christopher Robin said nothing, but his eyes got larger and larger, and his face got pinker and pinker. According to I. Galperin is not a Repetition as a SD proper, but a means by which the excited state of mind of the character is shown. He believes that “when used as a SD Repetition does not aim at making a direct emotional impact. On the contrary, the stylistic device of Repetition aims at logical emphasis. An emphasis that is necessary to fix the attention of the reader on the key-word of the utterance.”35 For example, “We woke up in the morning, said Rabbit, and what do we find? We find a strange Animal among us. An Animal of whom we have never heard before: An Animal, who carries her family about her in her pocket.” (A. Miln)

We will dwell upon two types of Repetition: Anaphora and Epiphora. If the repeated word comes at the beginning of two or more consecutive sentences, clauses or phrases we have Anaphora as in the example above. If the repeated unit is placed at the end of consecutive sentences, clauses or phrases we have the type of Repetition called Epiphora as in: You have a house, Piglet and I have a house, and they are very good houses, and Christopher Robin has a house and Owl and Kanga and Rabbit have their houses and even Rabbit’s friends and relations have houses, but poor Eeyore has nothing. (A. Miln)

Climax

“Climax is an arrangement of sentences, or the homogeneous parts of sentences which secures a gradual increase in significance, importance or emotional tension in the utterance”36 as in: He (Piglet) threw the bottle as far as he could throw – splash! – and in a little while it bobbed up again on the water and he watched it floating slowly away in the distance, until his eyes ached with looking and sometimes he thought it was a bottle, and sometimes he thought it was just a ripple on the water which he was following and then suddenly he knew that he would never see it again and that he had done all that he could do to save himself. (A. Miln)

The repetition of “he thought”, then the using of the words “he knew” makes the reader anticipate the outcome of this passage. And, eventually, the reader sees it: “he had done all that he could do to save himself.”

Anticlimax

“Climax suddenly interrupted by an unexpected turn of the thought which defeats expectations of the reader and ends in complete semantic reversal of the emphasized idea is called Anticlimax.”37 For instance, So he (Pooh) started to climb out of the hole. He pulled with his front paws, and pushed with his back paws, and in a little while his nose was out in the open again… and then his ears… and then his front paws… and then his shoulders and then – “Oh, help”, said Pooh, - I’d better go back.”(A.Miln)

Antithesis

“Antithesis is a structure consisting of two steps, the lexical meanings of which are opposite to each other. These steps may be presented by morphemes (underpaid and overworked), by antonyms (or contextual antonyms) and antonymous expressions and by completed statements or pictures semantically opposite to one another.”38 Let us take again an example from “Winnie-the-Pooh”, Rabbit scratched his whiskers thoughtfully and pointed out that (…) some lived in trees and some lived underground. (A. Miln)

In this case the Antithesis is built up by means of contextual antonyms “trees” and “underground”.

Ellipsis

Ellipsis is a typical phenomenon in conversation arising out of the situation. Ellipsis, when used as a SD, always imitates the common features of colloquial language where the situation presupposes the omitting certain member of sentence. “In Ellipsis which is an omission of one of the main members of a sentence we must differentiate the one used in author’s narration to change its tempo and condense its structure from the other used in personage’s speech to reflect, to create the effect of naturalness of the dialogue.”39 For instance, “Ow!” said Tigger

He sat down and put his paw in his mouth

“What’s the matter?” asked Pooh

“Hot!” mumbled Tigger (A. Miln)

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