Write four of the common techniques in a class where the Direct Method is used, and briefly explain each of them.

1. _ Dictation ________________ __________________________________________________

2. _ Question and Answer exercise __________________________________________________

_

3. _ Conversation Practice _______________________________________________________

4. _ Map Drawing ______________ _________________________________________________

— Reading aloud

— Question and Answer exercise

— Getting students to self-correct

— Conversation Practice

— Fill-in-the blank exercise

— Dictation

— Map Drawing

— Paragraph wr iting

7. «. READ THE FOLLOWING PRINCIPLES AND TECHNIQUES AND WRITE TRUE OR FALSE BASED ON THE AUDIO-LINGUAL METHOD OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHING.

a. _ TRUE _ Students are asked to replace the parts of speech with given cues and expected to produce their own example pattern in turn.

b. _ TRUE _ The target of language learning is to master the structurally related elements (phonological, grammatical, lexical units)

c. _ TRUE _ The teacher is like a counselor or consultant; and must know the students’ native language.

d. _ FALSE _ The typical order of skills in a language class should be ‘ speaking, listening, reading and writing’

e. _ FALSE _ Grammar rules are given explicitly, so the language is taught deductively.

f. _ TRUE _ Students follow their teacher as a perfect model of the target language.

g. _ FALSE _ Error correction is postponed to the end of the lesson to help students see their own errors themselves.

h. _ TRUE _ The teacher uses minimal pairs to help students identify differences and similarities.

3. Check if these statements are TRUE or FALSE according to Community Language Learning – a method of foreign language teaching. If the statement is FALSE, that is because a word or phrase is replaced by a false one. If the statement is FALSE, underline the word or phrase that should be changed in order for the statement to be TRUE.

a) _ FALSE _ Charles Curran who developed a new education model he called "Counceling-Learning" primarily considered cognitive factors as paramount in the learning process.

b) _ FALSE _ The teacher is perceived as a disruptive agent in the learning process, not a threat.

c) _ TRUE _ Community Language Learning seeks to encourage teachers to see their students as "whole" persons, where their feelings, intellect, interpersonal relationships, protective reactions, and desire to learn are addressed and balanced.

d) _ TRUE _ When a student wants to say something, they first say it in their native language, which the teacher then translates back to them using the target language.

e) _ FALSE _ Grammar and vocabulary are taught deductively.

f) _ TRUE _ The Community Language Learning method does not just attempt to teach students how to use another language communicatively, it also tries to encourage the students to take increasingly more responsibility for their own learning, and to "learn about their learning"

g) _ FALSE _ It can be effectively used for large or very large classrooms.

h) _ TRUE _ It has been criticized for being too non-directive, and it certainly is not a method which could be recommended for students who are learning English as part of a standard, compulsory education curriculum.

i) _ FALSE _ Another limitation of CLL is that the CLL teacher does not have to be fluent in both the target language and the students' mother language.

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