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Consider, considered, consideration, considerable, considerably
a) We’ll have to ________ using another company if they can’t provide the software we need.
b) The company has invested a ________ sum of money in ergonomic workstations.
c) The CEO has submitted this proposal for your_________.
d) This computer is ________ faster than the old one.
Apply, applying, applicant, application, applicable
a) We have interviewed five ___________ for the new position.
b) The last part of the form is not _________ to foreign students.
c) My student is thinking of ___________ for a government grant to continue his research.
d) The new book uses business _________ to tech computer studies.
Explain, explained, explaining, explanation, explanatory
a) The package includes an __________ booklet.
b) The instructions are very clear and do not require any further ________.
c) It will only take a couple of minutes to _________ how the program works.
d) If you are new to this system, almost everything will have to be _______.
Depend, depending, dependent, dependence, dependable, dependably
a) The company has supplied us ________ for over ten years.
b) We have to reduce our ________ on imported goods.
c) This is very ________ equipment. We have never had a serious breakdown.
d) Today, many companies ________ more on FAXes than on mail.
Connect, connected, connecting, connector, connectivity, connection
a) __________ is an important concept in global communications.
b) He only got that contract because he has _________ in the government.
c) Make sure the _________ is not loose before you call a service technician.
d) Once the new telephone lines are ________, our system should be more efficient.
Exercise 24. Read and learn the words and word combinations below:
Linear active content | лінійна інформація | линейная информация |
Non- linear active content | нелінійна інформація | нелинейная информация |
Navigation control | навігаційне керування | навигационный контроль |
Computer-based self-training | самостійне навчання за допомогою комп’ютера | компьютеризиро-ванное обучение |
Live presentation | презентація наживо | прямая презентация |
Recorded presentation | записана презентація | записанная трансляция |
Via | через, шляхом | путем, через |
Broadcast (v.) | транслювати | транслировать |
Downloaded multimedia | завантажена мультимедійна інформація | загруженная мультимедийная информация |
Streamed multimedia | потокова мультимедійна інформація | потоковая мультимедийная информация |
On-demand multimedia | мультимедійна інформація за вимогою | мультимедийная информация по требованию |
Offline computer | комп’ютер не під’єднаний до комп’ютерної мережі | комп’ютер не подключенный к компьютерной сети |
Collaborative innovation | спільне нововведення | общее новшество |
Exercise 25. Read and translate the following text.
CATEGORIZATIOPN OF MULTIMEDIA
Multimedia may be broadly divided into linear and non-linear categories. Linear active content works without any navigation control for the viewer such as a cinema presentation. Non-linear content offers user interactivity to control progress as used with a computer game or used in computer-based self-training. Non-linear content is also known as hypermedia content.
Multimedia presentations can be live and recorded. A recorded presentation may allow interactivity via a navigation system. A live multimedia presentation may allow interactivity via interaction with a presenter or performer. They may be viewed, projected, transmitted or played locally with a media player. A broadcast may be a live or recorded multimedia presentation. Broadcasts and recordings can be either analog or digital electronic media technology. Digital online multimedia may be downloaded or streamed. Streaming multimedia may be live or on-demand.
Multimedia games may be played in person in an arena with special effects, with multiple users in an online network, or locally with an offline computer or game system. The various formats of technological or digital multimedia may be intended to enhance the user’s experience, for example to make it easier and faster to convey information.
Enhanced levels of interactivity are made possible by combining multiple forms of media content. Online multimedia is increasingly becoming object-oriented and data-driven, enabling applications with collaborative end-user innovation and personalization on multiple forms of content over time. Examples of these range from multiple forms of content of web sites like photo galleries with both images and title user-updated, to simulations.
Exercise 26.Answer the questions:
1) What are the categories of multimedia?
2) What is the principle of linear active content work?
3) What does non-linear active content offer to users?
4) What is also known as hypermedia content?
5) What is a recorded presentation?
6) What does a live multimedia presentation allow?
7) What are the ways of playing multimedia games?
8) What is online multimedia?
Exercise 27. Find in the text and write out:(a) nouns with suffixes –t ion, -ence, -ty; -er; (b) adjectives with suffixes –al, -ous; (c) adverbs with suffix –ly. Translate them.
Exercise 28. Write out three sentences with predicates in Present Indefinite Passive and change them into Present Indefinite Active.
Exercise 29. Find all the forms of Participle II in the text. State their functions.
Exercise 30. Give the equivalents:
Navigation control, multimedia presentation, presenter, performer, projected and transmitted, a broadcast, digital online media, streaming multimedia, offline computer, linear active content, computer-based self-training, arena with special effects, images and title user-updated, to be broadly divided, to deal without, to be live, to be recorded, to download, to be on demand, to convey information, to allow interactivity via a navigation system, to be viewed in person, to be intended to enhance.
Exercise 31. Translate the following word combinations into English:
- нелінійна категорія | - нелинейная категория |
- дозволяти взаємодію | -разрешать взаимодействие |
- розглядатися особисто | - просматривать лично |
- етапи проектування та передачі | - этапы проектирования и передачи |
- пряма трансляція | - прямая трансляция |
- в режимі «он-лайн» | - в режиме «он-лайн» |
- збільшувати досвід | - увеличивать опыт |
- поєднання численних форм | -объединение многочисленных форм |
- в поєднанні з нововведеннями кінцевого користувача | - в соединении с новшествами внесенными конечным пользователем |
Exercise 32. Rearrange the words to make sentences:
1) hypermedia, Non-linear, as, content, is, content, known, also.
2) can, or, live, Multimedia, recorded, be, presentation.
3) data-driven, Online, is multimedia, and, increasingly, object-oriented, becoming.
4) simulations, of, range, to, Examples, these, multiple, from, content, of, forms.
5) categories, may, Multimedia, be, divided, linear, broadly, into, non-linear, and.
Exercise 33. Translate into English:
1. Мультимедійні засоби можна проділити на дві категорії. | 1. Мультимедийные средства можна разделить на две категории. |
2. Інформація лінійного змісту працює без будь-якого втручання з боку споживача. | 2. Линейная информация работает без вмешательства потребителя. |
3. Інформація нелінійного змісту потребує контролю з боку користувача. | 3. Нелинейная информация требует управления со стороны пользователя. |
4. Мультимедійні презентації можуть бути наживо або записані. | 4. Мультимедийные презентации могут быть живыми или записанными. |
5. Записана презентація дозволяє взаємодію шляхом використання навігаційної системи. | 5. Записанная презентация разрешает взаимодействие путем использования навигационной системы. |
6. Жива презентація дозволяє взаємодію з особою, що її презентує. | 6. Живая презентация разрешает взаимодействие с человеком, ее презентующим. |
7. Трансляції та записи можуть являти собою цифрові або аналогові технології. | 7. Трансляции и записи могут быть цифровыми или аналоговыми технологиями. |
Exercise 34. Put all types of questions to the sentences underlined in the text.
Exercise 35. Find in the text all the sentences with modal verbs. Translate them.
Exercise 36. Make a short summary of “Categorization of Multimedia”.
.
Section 2.
Exercise 1. Read and learn the words and word combinations below:
a) terms: | ||
Building block | складова | составляющая |
Complete image | повне зображення | полное изображение |
Grayscale display | шкала рівнів сірого кольору | шкала уровней серого цвета |
Natural-looking tones | природні відтінки | естественные тона |
Pixel | піксель | пиксель |
Pure white | чистий | чистый |
Resolution | розподіл | разрешение |
Smooth progression | плавна прогресія | плавная прогрессия |
Solid color | чистий колір | чистый цвет |
b) verbs: | ||
Assign | призначати | назначать |
Describe | описувати | описывать |
Detect | визначати | определять |
Plug into | вставляти | вставлять |
Satisfy | задовольняти | удовлетворять |
c) nouns: | ||
Image | зображення | изображение |
Overlay | накладка | накладка |
Performance | виконання, робота | выполнение, работа |
Set | набір | набор |
Shade | тінь, відтінок | тень |
Variation | зміна | изменение |
d) adjectives: | ||
Available | доступний | доступный |
Distinct | окремий | отдельный |
Hefty | важкий, об’ємний | тяжелый, объемный |
Infinite | безмежний | безграничный |
Perfect | ідеальний | идеальный |
Possible | можливий | возможный |
Spare | вільний | свободный |
Extra | додатковий | дополнительный |
Full | повний | полный |
Exercise 2. Define the following words by suffixes: a) nouns, b) verbal forms, c) adjectives.
Display, single, square, be used, transmitted, photographic, natural-looking, infinite, solid, human, detect, distinct, complete, produce, building, white, giving, needed, performance, transparent, described, typical, overlay.
Exercise 3. Write comparative and superlative forms of the following adjectives:
Creative, perfect, individual, possible, hefty, old, new, special, spare, helpful, available.
Exercise 4. Write the dictionary form of the following words:
Has, looking, undetectably, shades, its, builds up, describing, structured, groups, is called, uses, assigned, processors.
Exercise 5. Read and translate the basic text.
COMPUTER GRAPHICS
If your computer has 24-bit color, then it can display photographic images in color on its screen that have natural-looking tones. In principle, there is an infinite number of shades available between a solid color and pure white. In practice, the human eye can detect somewhere between 150-200 distinct shades, so, you can produce an undetectably smooth progression of shades.
Cheap computer monitors cannot display shades; you get solid black and white and nothing else. What you need is a computer that can show true shades on its screen.
A computer builds up a picture from a series of building blocks called pixels. Each pixel is a square of a single color. The more pixels you can divide the picture into, the higher the resolution of the complete image. The computer organizes itself by describing each pixel that it wants to display as a code in the binary mathematical set. Each 0 or 1 is called a bit. Computers are generally structured to work in groups of eight bits, which is called a byte. These eight numbers can be used to count up to 256, and so can describe 256 shades of grey: from black to white, which is more than enough to satisfy the eye. A computer which can assign eight bits to describe each pixel will produce perfect black and white photos on its monitor. A monitor which can show all these shades is called a grayscale display.
To get the full color photographic effect on a computer monitor, you need to be able to generate 256 shades for each color. This takes eight bits of information per color, giving a total of 24 bits. This is the 24-bit color that you keep reading about in computer magazines. If you take all the possible variations of 256 shades of three colors (red, green and blue) you end up with a possible 16.7 million color shades.
Some computers offer 32-bit color: the spare eight bits can be used to control transparent overlays of color – you get 256 levels of transparency.
To start with, you need special circuit boards which plug into your computer and drive the monitor. You also need a plenty of memory. A typical high resolution color monitor can display about a million pixels. The 24 bits that your computer uses to describe each pixel can also be described as three bytes. To describe a million pixels takes three million bytes. In other words, a hefty three megabytes of your computer’s memory is assigned to driving the screen. With 8-bit color, you only need one Mb. Generally, 24-bit color boards include extra memory and processors to speed up the display performance.
Exercise 6. Answer the questions:
1) How many distinct shades of color can a human eye see?
2) In what way does a computer build a picture?
3) What is a pixel (a bit, a byte)?
4) What do you need to have advanced computer graphics?
5) What color do some computers offer?
6) What should you start with to produce computer graphics?
Exercise 7. Give the equivalents:
A circuit board, extra memory, natural-looking tone, display performance, grayscale display, photographic images, infinite number of shades, solid color, pure white, smooth progression, binary mathematical set, generally structured, more than enough, full color photographic effect, keep reading, level of transparency, to start with, to get a fill color, to speed up a performance, to drive the monitor, can detect different shades, to produce a progression, to build up a picture, to satisfy the eye, to assign eight bits to describe each pixel.
Exercise 8. Translate into English:
- безмежна кількість | - неограниченное количество |
- створювати картинку | - создавать картинку |
- розподіл вищої якості | - разрешение высшего качества |
- графічний об’єкт | - графический объект |
- вісім біт на колір | - восемь бит на цвет |
- доступний відтінок | - доступный оттенок |
- шкала рівнів сірого кольору | - шкала уровней серого цвета |
- повне зображення | - полное изображение |
- спеціальна вбудована плата | - специальная встроенная плата |
- додаткова пам’ять | - дополнительная память |
Exercise 9. Combine the sentences:
1) series, of, computer, A, builds up,picture, a, blocks, a, from, building, pixels, called.
2) structured, to work, Computers,are, in groups, generally, bits, eight, of.
3) plenty of, also, You, memory, need, a.
4) monitors, can’t, shades, Chip, display, computer.
5) boards, plugged, Special, into, the monitor, circuit, computer, allow, your, graphics, to produce.
Exercise 10. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F):
1) If a computer can generate more than 200 distinct shades of color, the human eye will see a perfectly smooth progression of shades.
2) Everybody should have a computer that can show true shades on its screen.
3) A group of eight binary numbers is called a byte.
4) Under certain circumstances, 8-bit colour can provide more than 256 colours.
5) To run 24-bit colour, you need three times as much memory to drive the screen as you do to run 8-bit colour.
Exercise 11. Study the terms:
GUI - Graphical User Interface, a style of interaction between the user and the computer involving a graphics screen, icons, and some form of pointing device such as a mouse.
ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) – a concept developed by Postal,Telegraph and Telephone Administrations providing one network to transmit all forms of signal traffic, for example, voice and data over the same lines.
Pixel - an individual dot on a computer screen. The computer controls the colour and brightness of each pixel.
Exercise 12. Translate the following sentences into English:
1. Комп’ютер, що має 24 біти кольору, може показувати фотo зображення у природних відтінках. | 1. Комп’ютер, который имеет 24 бита цвета, может показывать фотоизображение в естественных тонах. |
2. Існує безмежна кількість відтінків між чистим кольором та чистим білим кольором. | 2. Существует неограниченное количество оттенков между чистым цветом и чистым белым цветом. |
3. Око людини може відрізняти від 150 до 200 різних відтінків. | 3. Человеческий глаз может отличить от 150 до 200 разных оттенков. |
4. Дешеві монітори комп’ютерів не відображають відтінки, вони мають або чистий білий або чорний колір. | 4. Недорогие мониторы не отображают оттенки цвета, они имеют или чистый белый или черный цвет. |
5. Щоб відображати кольори комп’ютер має спеціальну вмонтовану плату яка керує монітором. | 5. Для отображения цвета компьютер имеет специальную вмонтированную плату, управляющую монитором. |
6. Комп’ютер створює картинку із набору складових, які називаються пікселями. | 6. Компьютер создает картинку из набора составных частей которые называются пикселями. |
7. Кожен піксель являє собою квадрат певного колоьору. | 7. Каждый пиксель является квадратом определенного цвета. |
8. Чим більша кількість пікселів що утворюють картинку, тим вище розподіл повного зображення. | 8. Чем больше количество пикселей, создающих картинку, тем выше разрешение полного изображения. |
9. Комп’ютер організований так, щоб описувати кожен піксель, який він хоче відобразити, у вигляді коду в двійковому математичному наборі. | 9. Компьютер организован таким образом чтобы описывать каждый пиксель, который он хочет изобразить, в виде кода в двоичном математическом наборе. |
10. Кожен 0 або 1 називаються бітом. | 10. Каждый 0 или 1 называется битом. |
11. Група з восьми бітів складає байт. | 11. Группа из восьми битов составляет байт. |
12. Байт використовується щоб порахувати до 256, і таким чином може описувати 256 відтінків сірого: від чорного до білого, чого достатньо щоб задовольнити око людини. | 12. Байт используется при счете до 256, и таким образом может описывать 256 оттенков серого: от черного до белого, чего достаточно, чтобы удовлетворить глаз человека. |
13. Щоб отримати ефект повного кольору на моніторі комп’ютера ви повинні створювати 256 відтінків кожного кольору. | 13. Чтобы получить эффект полного цвета на мониторе вы должны создавать 256 оттенков каждого цвета. |
14. Ця здатність забирає вісім біт інформації на колір, складаючи в сумі 24 біти. | 14. Эта способность забирает восемь бит информации на цвет, составляя в сумме 24 бита. |
15. Деякі комп'ютери пропонують 32 біти кольору: вісім вільних біт використовуються для керування прозорими накладками кольору. | 15. Некоторые компьютеры предлагают 32 бита цвета: восемь свободных бит используются при управлении прозрачными накладками цвета. |
Exercise 13. Retell the basic text.
Section 3.
Exercise 1. Read and learn the words and word combinations below:
a) terms: | ||
Artificial world | штучний світ | искусственный мир |
Combat training | військова підготовка | военная подготовка |
Dimension | вимір | измерение |
Electronic glove | електронна рукавиця | электронная перчатка |
Exoskeleton | зовнішній скелет | внешний скелет |
Field of view | поле зору | поле зрения |
Headset | гарнітура | гарнитура |
Nuclear power station | атомна електростанція | атомная электростанция |
Sensor-lined glove | сенсорна рукавичка | сенсорная перчатка |
Simulated environment | змодельовані умови | смоделированные условия |
Time lag | затримка у часі | задержка во времени |
Wide-angle lenses | лінзи з широким кутом зору | линзы с широким углом зрения |
b) verbs: | ||
Adjust | налаштовувати | приспосабливать |
Cover | покривати | покрывать |
Derive | отримувати | получать |
Enable | давати змогу | давать возможность |
Encounter | стикатися з чимось | сталкиваться |
Enhance | посилювати | усиливать |
Handle | керувати | руководить |
Mount | монтувати | монтировать |
Pick up | піднімати | поднимать |
Plunge | занурюватися | погружаться |
Record | записувати | записывать |
Suppose | припускати | предполагать |
Twiddle | крутити | вертеть |
Wear | одягати | одевать |
c) nouns: | ||
Head | голова | голова |
Helmet | шолом | шлем |
Finger | палець | палец |
Illusion | ілюзія, відчуття | ощущение |
Image | зображення | изображение |
Pad | сенсорна подушечка | сенсорная подушечка |
Palm | долоня | ладонь |
Perspective | ракурс, проекція | ракурс |
Tool | знаряддя | орудие |
Wearer | той, хто одягнув | одевший |
d) adjectives: | ||
Actual | фактичний | фактический |
Corrective | виправлений | исправленный |
Initial | початковий | начальный |
Similar | подібний | похожий |
e) adverbs: | ||
Exactly | точно | точно |
Generally | загалом | в общем |
Likely | очевидно | очевидно |
Nearly | майже | почти |
Significantly | значно | значительно |
Exercise 2. Identify by the suffixes: a) nouns, b) verbal forms, c) adjectives.
Artificial, generated, virtual, screens, viewed, area, system, head, environment, looking, wearing, data, liquid, magnetic, crystal, effect, enabled, tiny, thing, constructed.
Exercise 3. Write derivatives of the following verbs. Translate them.
Use, create, differ, view, move, suppose, correspond, simulate, visit, develop, control, generate.
Exercise 4. Read and translate the text.
VIRTUAL REALITY WORLD
Virtual reality (VR) software uses graphics, sounds and other tools to create an artificial world through which a user can seem to move. Virtual reality systems generally include a headset that has two tiny display screens, one for each eye. The images on the screen differ in a way that creates the illusion of three dimensions when viewed together. That illusion is enhanced when the user’s head moves. The computer adjusts the images to the new perspective resulting from the movement.
Virtual worlds are filled with objects that can be ‘handled’ by users wearing special sensor-lined gloves. The sensors tell the computer when the wearer moves a gloved hand. Suppose the user of a VR system closes the fingers of a gloved hand so that the corresponding virtual hand closes around a virtual ball. Then suppose the user raises the gloved hand. The computer will display the image of the ball being picked up.
Virtual reality images do not have the details of what is seen in the actual world. However, the images are realistic enough for video games. The simulated environment can be similar to the real world, for example, simulations for pilot or combat training or it can differ significantly from reality as in VR games.
Exercise 5. Answer the questions:
1) What does virtual reality software use?
2) What do virtual reality systems usually include?
3) What are the images in virtual reality?
4) What can you tell about virtual worlds?
5) Have you any experience in virtual reality? Which one?
Exercise 6. Give the equivalents:
Artificial world, images on the screen, the illusion of three dimensions, simulated environment, combat training, virtual reality software, corresponding virtual hand, none solving the problem, corrective control signal, more advanced systems, the biggest initial market, to wear special sensor-lined gloves, to adjust the images to the new perspective, user can seem to move, differ in a way that creates the illusion, to be handled by users, to be realistic enough for games, to be about to take people to the unknown places, is likely to be for a new generation.
Exercise 7. Translate into English:
- підсилити ілюзію | - усилить иллюзию |
- підняти руку в рукавиці | - поднять руку в рукавице |
- бути результатом руху | - быть результатом движения |
- змодельовані умови | - смоделированные условия |
- підготовка пілотів | - подготовка пилотов |
- військова підготовка | - военная подготовка |
- істотно відрізнятися | - значительно отличаться |
- реальний світ | - реальный мир |
- створити штучний світ | - создать искусственный мир |
- у трьох вимірах | - в трех измерениях |
- враження зростає | - впечатление возрастает |
- новий ракурс | - новый ракурс |
- відображати зображення | - отображать изображение |
- одягати шолом | - одевать шлем |
Exercise 8. Match the words into verbal word combinations. Use them in the sentences of your own.
a) to create | a) the illusion | |||||||||||||||
b) seem | b) the gloved hand | |||||||||||||||
c) to enhance | c) in the actual world | |||||||||||||||
d) to adjust | d) realistic enough | |||||||||||||||
e) to raise | e) can be similar | |||||||||||||||
f) to be seen | f) an artificial world | |||||||||||||||
g) to be | g) significantly | |||||||||||||||
h) environment | h) when the wearer moves a hand | |||||||||||||||
i) to differ | i) to move | |||||||||||||||
j) to tell the computer | j) the images | |||||||||||||||
Exercise 9. Fill in the correct prepositions, then make sentences using the completed phrases. Images __ the screens, to differ __ a way, to result __the movement, to be filled __ objects, to adjust the images __the new perspective, the image __ the ball, to see __ the actual world, to be similar __ the real world, to differ significantly __ reality. | ||||||||||||||||
Exercise 10. Find grammar mistakes and correct them: 1) Those illusion are enhance when the user’s head move. 2) Virtual worlds is filled with objects that can to be ‘handled’ by users. 3) The sensor tell the computer when the wearer move a gloved hand. 4) Virtual reality images not have nearly the detail of what be seen in the actual world or even in no virtual video games. | ||||||||||||||||
Exercise 11. Put all possible questions to the following sentences.
1) Virtual reality (VR) software uses graphics, sounds and other tools to create an artificial world.
2) Virtual reality systems generally include a headset that has two tiny display screens, one for each eye.
3) That illusion is enhanced when the user’s head moves.
4) Virtual worlds are filled with objects that can be ‘handled’ by users wearing special sensor-lined gloves.
5) The sensors tell the computer when the wearer moves a gloved hand.
Exercise 12. Read the text again and underline the verbs in the Passive Voice. State their tense forms.
Exercise 13. Find the predicate in each sentence of the basic text and define its tense.
Exercise 14. Translate into English:
Exercise 15. Retell the basic text. Exercise 16. Read and translate the additional text. |
VIRTUAL REALITY
Computers are about to take people to places they have never been able to visit before, including the surface of other planets. Such a trip will be an illusion, but one that comes closer to real life than anything on stage or screen. Artificial worlds are being built up in a computer memory so that people can walk through at will, look around, and even touch objects.
Virtual reality systems are being developed throughout the world for a range of uses including enabling people to walk “inside” nuclear power stations, while controlling a robot that actually goes into an area in which no human could leave, and conducting architects through a computer generated building before it is constructed.
The problem with guiding a robot by looking at a picture from a video camera mounted on it and twiddling the controls is that it is not a natural system. The operator spends all his time controlling the robot and none solving the problem. The time lag between seeing the image and sending a corrective control signal is another difficulty.
A virtual reality system consists of a helmet with a color display in front of each eye, and wide-angle lenses to cover the entire field of view and give a stereoscopic effect. The helmet contains sensors, rather like electronic compasses, to record where it is pointing. A computer calculates what the wearer should be seeing in that direction and displays it on the screen.
In more advanced systems, the operator wears an electronic glove that detects exactly what the fingers are doing and transmits the information to the computer. If the user tries to pick up something, the computer will make the object follow the hand to give the illusion of carrying it. Pads in the latest types of gloves press into the insides of the fingers and palm when an object is encountered, to create the illusion of feeling it.
A fire-fighter in a nuclear power plant, for example, would move through a computer model wearing an exoskeleton, while a robot would move through the real thing. The computer program will be derived from the data used to design the plant in the first place.
The biggest initial market is likely to be for a new generation of video games. Industries, of Leicester, launched a virtual reality system for video arcades. The system, called Virtuality, consists of a cockpit in which a player sits, wearing the helmet, at a set of controls that can mimic a bobsleigh, a spaceship, or whatever the imagination of the games programmer can devise.
The helmet has a pair of liquid-crystal displays with wide-angle lenses giving a stereoscopic image, and a set of magnetic sensors to tell the computer what the helmet is looking at as it moves. The computer can link and control several helmets at once for a group game.
Exercise 17. Answer the questions:
1) What kind of system is virtual reality?
2) What were virtual reality systems being developed for?
3) What does a virtual reality system consist of?
4) Tell about your experience of using virtual reality.
Exercise 18. Give the equivalents:
The object without the substance, nuclear power station, despite the fortunes, twiddling the controls, the surface of other planets, such a trip will be an illusion, stage or screen, people can walk through at will, computer generated building, cockpit for a player,to touch objects, to try to pick up something, to be able to visit before, to be developed throughout the world, to cover the entire field of view, to record where it is pointing, to create the illusion of feeling it, to move through a computer model.
Exercise 19. Translate into English:
- надавати людям можливість | - давать возможность людям |
- вмонтована відеокамера | -вмонтированная видеокамера |
- природна система | - природная система |
- керувати роботом | - управлять роботом |
- торкатися об’ектів | - касаться объектов |
- не вирішувати проблему | - не решать проблему |
- затримка часу | - задержка времени |
-посилання коригуючого контрольного сигналу | - послание корректирующего контрольного сигнала |
- покривати поле зору | - покрывать поле зрения |
- бачити в цьому напрямку | - видеть в этом направлении |
Exercise 20. Match each of the following words with the appropriate definition:
1 capture a) light-sensitive substance on the surface of the film
2 poster b) device that uses compressed air to spray paint
3 retouch c) succeed in representing on film
4 airbrush d) alter by making minor changes
5 emulsion e) large printed picture used for advertising purposes
Exercise 21. Match the if-clauses (1 to 6) to the main clauses (a to f) to make complete sentences.
1 If you never read computer magazines… | a) … you would be able to access our bulletin board. |
2 If you never back up your hard disk… | b)… it is unlikely that you will have a problem with computer viruses. |
3 If you had a modem… | c) …we would have a bigger range of typefaces to choose from. |
4 If you don’t copy pirated software… | d) …you will miss important new products. |
5 If I knew more programming languages… | e) …I would get a better job. |
Exercise 23. Put different types of questions to the following sentences:
1. Computers are about to take people to places they have never been able to visit before.
2. The operator spends all his time controlling the robot and none solving the problem.
3. The time lag between seeing the image and sending a corrective control signal is another difficulty.
4. The helmet contains sensors, rather like electronic compasses, to record where it is pointing.
5. A computer calculates what the wearer should be seeing in that direction and displays it on the screen.
6. The computer program will be derived from the data used to design the plant in the first place.
7. The computer can link and control several helmets at once for a group game.
Exercise 24. Find the hidden words in this square. Some appear vertically, some horizontally, and some diagonally. They may be upside-down or back to front. Use the clues to help you. The number of letters in each word and the first letter of the word appear in brackets after the clue.
N | O | N | E | M | O | N | E | H | P | E |
E | A | D | A | P | T | O | R | E | M | S |
N | T | R | O | U | B | E | S | O | U | L |
O | A | C | C | E | P | L | E | P | R | O |
H | E | S | P | A | N | D | E | T | A | T |
P | E | C | I | F | I | R | C | A | T | I |
O | M | R | F | E | V | O | B | N | U | O |
R | A | F | L | I | C | K | E | R | O | N |
C | L | E | S | C | A | N | T | R | I | S |
I | C | O | M | P | O | U | N | D | N | G |
M | R | N | O | I | T | A | M | I | N | A |
1) A strange thing or event.(10, P)
2) An instrument that changes sound waves into electrical current. (10, M)
3) A display_____ is one device used in computer-to-video conversion. (7, A)
4) Mend. (6, R)
5) A person who monitors the way people work to check that things are done properly. (10, S)
6) An opening on a computer into which files fits an expansion card. (4, S)
7) To shine unsteadily. (7, F)
8) A ____ document is made up of two or more documents combined together.(8, C)
9) A _____ converter is another device used in computer-to-video conversion. (4, C)
10) The technique whereby still drawings are given the appearance of movement. (9,A)
Section 4.
Exercise I. Read and learn the words and word combinations below:
a) terms: | ||
Word processor | текстовий процесор | текстовый процессор |
Document preparation system | система підготовки документа | система подготовки документа |
Computer application | прикладна програма комп’ютера | прикладная программа компьютера |
Composition | складання | составление |
Editing | редагування | редактирование |
Formatting | форматування | форматирование |
Printing | друк | печать |
Text justification tools | засоби вирівнювання тексту | средства выравнивания текста |
Capability | здатність | способность |
Tag | мітка. закладка | метка |
Mark-up | маркування | маркирование |
Type-setting capability | здатність набору | способность набора |
Editor | редактор | редактор |
Revenue | прибуток | прибыль |
Collapse | крах | крах |
Shorthand | стенографія | стенография |
Brevity | кратність | кратность |
Invention | винахід | изобретение |
b) verbs: | ||
Descend | походити | происходить |
Take advantage | переважати | преобладать |
Produce | виробляти | производить |
Handle | керувати | управлять |
Estimate | оцінювати | оценивать |
Rival | конкурувати | соперничать |
Gain | набиратися, збирати | собирать, набираться |
Create | створювати | творить |
Refer | відноситися | относиться |
Improve | покращувати | улучшать |
Intend | мати намір | намереваться |
Evolve | виникати | появляться |
c) nouns: | ||
Production | виробництво | производство |
Productivity | продуктивність | продуктивность |
Popularity | популярність | популярность |
Interface | інтерфейс | интерфейс |
Review | перегляд | просмотр |
Advent | поява | возникновение |
Pool | об’єднання | объединение |
In conjunction with | в поєднанні з | вместе с |
d) adjectives: | ||
Viewable | зримий | зримый |
Real | дійсний | реальный |
Earliest | найранніший | самый ранний |
Modern | сучасний | современный |
Powerful | потужній | мощный |
Arbitrary | довільний | произвольный |
Numerous | численний | многочисленный |
Successful | успішний | удачный |
Reasonable | розумний | разумный |
Common | загальний | общий |
Essential | основний | основной |
Temporary | тимчасовий | временный |
e) adverbs: | ||
Formally | формально | формально |
Possibly | можливо | возможно |
Rapidly | швидко | быстро |
Primarily | перш за все | прежде всего |
Exercise 2. Write out from the text (a) nouns with suffixes-tion (6), – y (2); (b) adjectives with suffixes-able (1), - al (2), - ful (1), adverbswith suffix -ly (3).
Exercise 3. Write Past Indefinite and Past Participle forms of the following verbs:
Know, call, consist, produce, handle, gain, transform, know, view, descend, print.
Exercise 4. Find all the sentences with Past Participle and Present Participle in the function of attribute. Translate them.
Exercise 5. Read and translate the basic text.
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