Check your answers with those in Appendix 1.

Notes to presenters

1. Try to use landscape format where possible which is similar to the human vision. Avoid vertical slides and transparencies.

2. Use color wherever possible.

3. Put your organization's name (University's name) at the bottom corners of each slide and maybe your own name.

4. The first, should should have the name of your presentation, your name and possibly the conference name and date.

5. Do not use too many equations. The audience can always read them in the paper if necessary.

6. Have between 3-5 points per slide. More than 5 is too many and you should use a second slide.

7. Allow 2-3 minutes per slide and remember. To pause so the audience can read the whole slide. Do not block part of the slide or transparency (i.e. by standing in front of the projector or by design (if you wish to present parts of it later on),

8. Remember that a picture or graph is very informative. Check beforehand that your visual aids are of good quality and that they can be read from a distance.

9. Turn the slide and overhead projectors off if they are not being used for your presentation.

10 Use the pointer as much as possible and always try to face the audience as much as possible.

Creating a good impression

What you say is as important as the way you look in front of the audience. You would not be human if you were not nervous before a presentation, take deep breathes, smile and start.

Task 1,5. Which of these do you think gives an audience a good Impression.

• looking at your shoes;

• laughing all the time;

• turning your back on the audience,

• keeping eye contact with members of the audiences;

• having your notes in the wrong order,

• looking out of the. window;

• swaying from side to side

• hands in your pockets;

• a bored look;

• a smile;

• shouting;

• apologizing all the time;

• talking to all the audience not just your friends;

• sitting down;

• speaking with enthusiasm.

Check your answers with those tn Appendix 1.

NB1 Nates to Presenters

• You must be able to get attention

• You must be able to hold attention.

• You must be clear.

• You must support your ideas with proof.

• You must use appropriate language.

• You must give your listener a chance to respond.

• You must be able to access your effectiveness accurately.

Suggestions for Delivering Your Speeches

Your speech is more than just the words you use. How you say something is just as important as what you say.

Make your language natural and comprehensive for the audience:

1. Under no circumstances should you read your paper. Even if English is not your first language it is always a mistake to read.

2 Be sure that you keep to the schedule and always allow 3-5 minutes for questions and discussions.

3. Practice your speech in front of a full-length mirror, thisgives you opportunity to monitor your eye contact and other aspens of delivery previously discussed.

4. Tape record yourself while rehearsing As you play back the recording of your speech, be sure to listen for errors in content and delivery. Write down any corrections and work on improving them during your next practice session.

5. Practice your speech in front of a friend or family members. Pretend that you are actually delivering your speech in front of your classmates Ask your "audience" to comment on various aspects of your delivery.

Unit 2. Organising Information in your Presentation

NB!: You have already decided on the title and the purpose of your presentation, you know who your audience is going to be, you have completed the research and decided on the main points that you wish to make. It is now time to plan exactly what you are going to say.

The well thought out presentation will have the following overall structure:

Introduction --- Main Points --- Conclusion --- Questions

Task 2.1. The following is a list of the steps which you should include in your introduction. Look at the list and re-write it in the correct order.

1) State your first main point.

2) State the purpose of your presentation.

3) Introduce yourself.

4) Greet the audience.

5) State how your presentation is to be structured.

Check your answers with those in Appendix 1.

Task 2.2a, Read the phrases and decide if they are Greetings or Introductions.

• I would like to introduce myself to those who don't know me, I am...

• Good morning, everyone...

• I’m pleased that so many of you were able to make it this morning…

• I would like to welcome you to my talk today…

• Let me introduce myself; My name is...

• Thank you all for coming...

• It is good to see you all here today …

• May I first introduce myself, I am...

• My name is... from...

Task 2.2b. Read the phrases and decide if they are stating the purpose of your presentation or how your presentation is to be structured.

• Today I am going talk about…

I The subject of this presentation is…

• My topic today is going to be...

• I will start by arguing that...

• This presentation will consider...

• Secondly I am going to explain...

• Lastly, I want to show...

• My third point is that...

NBI: Organizing information

A paragraph is a group of related sentences that develop an idea. In nearly every paragraph, there is one idea that is more important than all the others. The main idea of the paragraph is usually found at the beginning.

Sample paragraph 1:

All computers, whether large or small, have the same basic capabilities. They have circuits for performing' arithmetic operations. They all have a way of communicating with the person(s) using them. They also have circuits for making decisions.

All main idea sentences have a topic and say something about the topic. In some of your reading, finding main ideas may serve your needsbut, in much I of your studying, you need to understand details. It is sometimes more difficult to understand details than main ideas. You willfind it helpful if you think of details as growing out of the main idea.

A major detail often has minor details growing out of it. These minor details tell more about a major detail, just as major details tell more about a main idea. In studying, you often find a paragraph that has many small details that you must understand and remember. Breaking up a paragraph of this kind into its three components: the main idea, major details, and minor details will help you to understand and remember what it is about.

Sample paragraph 2:

it is the incredible speed of computers, along with their memory capacity, which makes them so useful and valuable. Computers can solve problems in a fraction of the time it takes men. For this reason, businesses use them to keep their accounts, and airline, railway, and bus companies use them to control ticket sales. As for memory, modem computers can store information with high accuracy and reliability. A computer can put data into its memory and retrieve It again in a few millionths of a second. It also has a storage capacity for as many as a million items

If you were to organize this paragraph into its three components, it would look like below:

Main idea

It is the incredible speed of computers, along with their memory

capacity, which makes them so useful and valuable.

Computers can solve

Modern computers

Major details

problems much faster than

can store information

humans .

with high accuracy

and reliability.

Businesses

Transport

A

It also has

use them to

companies

computer

a storage

keep

use them to

can put

eapacity,

accounts.

keep of

data into its

for as many

ticket sales.

memory

track as a

Minor details

and

million

retrieve it

items.

again in a

few

mil Months

Of of of a

second.

In making a block diagram you don't have to write every word in the main idea sentence or in each of the detail sentences.

Task 2.3. Practice finding the main idea, major details, and minors by completing the block diagram after reading the following paragraph:

The computer has changed the production of copy in the newspaper industry. There are three steps involved in the process; input, correction, and output. First, the computer numbers each story, counts words, end gives a listing of the length of each story. Then, a page is made up, adveitisements are placed in, the copy is shifted or deleted, end corrections are made. Finally, the computer hyphenates words, end the result of all this is a newspaper page.

The computer has changed the production of copy in the newspaper industry

Main idea

Major details

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