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Тест
Клас
Варіант 1
1. It was rude ….. Emily not to call me to tell me she wasn’t coming over for dinner.
A. of B. from C. to
2. My little sister was born ….. Christmas Day.
A. at B. in C. on
3. The Greens are not ….. from Thailand until next week.
A. coming round B. coming back C. turning up
4. Why don’t we meet for lunch ….. noon?
A. on B. in C. at
5. We ran ….. paper at the office and had to order some more.
A. over B. after C. out of
6. The cat was hiding ….. the bed.
A. in front of B. under C. over
7. It was extremely generous ….. you to let us use your cottage last weekend.
A. from B. to C. of
8. The government provided the victims of the flood ….. food and shelter.
A. by B. to C. with
9. Due to the heavy rainstorms, the football game was ….. until next Saturday.
A. put off B. turned down C. broken up
10. Would you like to pay in cash or ….. cheque?
A. in B. with C. by
Тур ІI
Аудіювання
Клас
Варіант 1
Baseball is a sport that is so popular in the United States that it is often called the national pastime. Every spring and summer, millions of people throughout the country play this exciting “bat and ball” game. Millions also watch baseball games and closely follow the progress of their favourite teams and players.
A baseball game is played on a large field between two teams of 9 or 10 players each. The teams take turns at bat (on offense) and in the field (on defense). A player of the team in the field, called the pitcher, throws a baseball towards a player of a team at bat, called the batter. The batter tries to hit the ball with a bat and drive it out of the reach of the players in the field. By hitting the ball, and in other ways, players can advance around the four bases that lie on the field. A player who does so scores a run for his team. The team that scores the most runs wins the game.
Basically, baseball matches the skills of the pitcher against those of the batter. A good pitcher can throw a variety of pitches. But fielders and base runners also play key roles in the game. Many experts believe that a batter’s job of hitting a ball thrown by a major league pitcher is the hardest thing to do in any sport. The ball reaches the batter in a fraction of a second and it may move in any way. Even so, batters are able to follow the flight of the ball.
Many people play baseball on the informal basis. They get together with their friends, choose up the sides, and play a ball game. But millions of people also play baseball on formal, organized basis. They join teams that belong to a league and play regularly scheduled games against other teams.
Mark the statements T (True) or F (False)
1. Baseball is a sport that is so popular in Great Britain that it is often called the national pastime.
2. Every winter and autumn millions of people throughout the country play baseball.
3. A baseball game is played on a large field between two teams of 8 or 11 players each.
4. The teams take turns at bat and in the field.
5. A player of the team in the field, called the batter, throws a baseball towards a player of a team at bat, called the pitcher.
6. The team that scores the most runs wins the game.
7. A good batter can throw a variety of pitches.
8. The ball reaches the batter in a fraction of a minute.
9. Batters are able to follow the flight of the ball.
10. Many people play baseball on the informal basis.
Circle the correct item
1. Baseball is a sport that is popular in …
a) Great Britain
b) Australia
c) The United States
2. A baseball game is played on a large … between two teams of 9 or 10 players each.
a) field
b) stadium
c) court
3. The … take turns at bat (on offense) and in the field (on defense).
a) teams
b) groups of people
c) collectives
4. Players can advance around the … that lie on the field.
a) two bases
b) four bases
c) six bases
5. The team that scores the most runs …
a) wins the game
b) loses the game
c) gains the victory
6. A good pitcher can throw …
a) different pitches
b) a lot of pitches
c) a variety of pitches
7. Batters are able to follow the flight of …
a) the ball
b) the puck
c) the bat
8. Many people play baseball on …
a) the informal basis
b) the formal basis
c) the well- organized basis
9. People play baseball together …
a) with their friends
b) with their family
c) with other sportsmen
10. Teams play regularly and belong …
a) to a league
b) to a group
c) to a society
Тур ІII
Творча письмова робота
Клас
Варіант 1
1. What is the appeal of ‘soap operas’?
· Do you consider any of them to be successful artistically?
· Why do you think some people become involved in the lives of “soap operas” characters?
Тур ІV
Усне мовлення
Клас
Варіант 1
1. What activities do you find enjoyable when you are by yourself? Why are these activities so pleasant to you? Do you feel it is important to have time for yourself? Why?What are your favourite leisure activities? Do you prefer spending your free time on your own or with your family and friends?
2. Many different languages are used around the world even within a single country. What foreign languages would you like to learn and why? How can a language help connect people from different parts of the world? How would the world be different if only one language was spoken throughout the world?
3. Every day millions of people visit video-hosting sites such as YouTube. Why have these sites become so popular? Do you or someone you know watch these clips? What kind of clips do you watch and why? What makes such sites different from television? Justify your opinion.
4. School uniforms are mandatory in some schools around the world, although certainly not in every school. If you were the headmaster of a school would you demand your pupils to wear a uniform? Imagine the response of a student who could disagree with you. What would the student say? How would you respond to him/her?
5. Throughout most of the 20t hcentury, Music and Art were considered as important as Maths and Science. Some people are concerned that nowadays schools are placing less and less emphasis on studying these subjects. Do you think that students should be required to learn Music and Art at school? Why?/Why not? Will our society change if we stop learning them? Justify your opinion.
6. Imagine that one day you will have a career of an actor or an actress. What kind of character would you play? What types of production would you be in? If you could play any character in a theater performance or movie that you have seen, who would it be and why? Do you think you would enjoy this career?
7. Many students choose to attend schools or universities outside their home country. Why do some students study abroad? Could studying abroad be viewed as a waste of time? How can a student make the most out of his/her time abroad?
8. Having a pet is quite popular nowadays. Why do you think so many people are fond of keeping pets? What kinds of animals are best as pets? Why? Are there any animals that should not be kept as pets?
9. A hero is traditionally a person who, in the face of danger, adversity or weakness, displays courage and the will for self-sacrifice for some greater good of humanity. What traits define a hero for you? Does being in the right place at the right time make a hero or are people born that way? Who is your hero/heroine and why do you look up to him/her?
10. The world is becoming increasingly urbanized. Why are more and more people living in cities? In the future, do you think people will live in the countryside? Is living in a city a sustainable lifestyle? Justify your opinion.
11. Websites, magazines, and television shows are free to say almost everything about celebrities and public figures even if it's not true. Is this practice fair? Why is the public so fascinated with the private details of famous people's lives? Would you be willing to trade privacy for fame? Explain your reasons.
12. All schools have rules. What are some of the rules you have at your school? Which rules do you believe are necessary and which do you believe are unfair? What are the advantages and disadvantages of having rules? Have you ever been caught breaking any school rules?
13. Imagine you get to move into your own apartment tomorrow. What five things would you put in your apartment first? Do you think you would keep your apartment clean or messy? Why? Would you invite anyone to live with you or would you stay there alone? Why?
14. Discuss the quote "You never step into the same river twice." How do you interpret this quote? Do you think it is a true statement? Why or why not? How can you relate it to yourself?
15. We all try to avoid illness through healthy daily habits and diets. When we get ill, most of us go to the doctor for advice or prescription medicines. What preventative measures do you take to maintain your health? How do different cultures approach health care? Compare and contrast Ukrainian health care with another culture. In your opinion, do people rely too much on pharmaceuticals?
16. Parents often tell children, “Mind your manners”. What do you think are examples of good manners/bad manners? Can manners affect your success in life? How? What is the best way to teach manners to children?
17. Do you think a universal language would be useful for modern life? Which language would you suggest as the common one? What are the disadvantages of having a universal language? How do you think knowing more than one language can affect your life?
18. "By failing to prepare, you are preparing to fail" is a popular saying. Describe a time when you spent a lot of time preparing for a project, job, or performance. How did you prepare? Were you successful because of your preparation? Can people be successful without being prepared?
19. If you could be in any TV show, which would it be? Would you be a new character or an existing one? How would you introduce yourself into the show?
How would your presence affect the plot?
20. Franklin D. Roosevelt declared, "The only thing we have to fear is fear itself. What do you think of this quotation? What phobias do you have? How do you handle fear?
Тур І
Тест
Клас
Варіант 1
1. Alan is trying to cut …..on smoking these days.
A. down B. in C. off
2. Why don’t you take….. tennis? It will help you become fitter.
A. on B. up C. in
3. The athlete was in pain but he carried…..the race.
A. away with B. in on C. on with
4. Antony was taken……by the news! He’d never expected it.
A. aback B. in C. off
5. Can you hear the birds……? Isn’t it beautiful?
A. to sing B. sing C. singing
6. Jill denied……to him.
A. of lying B. lying C. lies
7.I spent twice……much on my holiday as you did on yours.
A. the B. so C. as
8. The other applicant is……experienced than Jane.
A. much B. far C. less
9. I’m sorry to say he hasn’t got……better at Maths.
A. any B. more C. a bit
10. Jack didn’t mention it to Becky in order…..hurt her.
A. to not B. not to C. as not
Тур ІI
Аудіювання
Клас
Варіант 1
Text №9
From “ The Cat” by Andrew Barton Paterson
Most people think that the cat is an unintelligent animal, fond of ease, and caring little for anything but mice and milk. But a cat has really more character than most human beings, and gets a great deal more satisfaction out of life. Of all the animal kingdom, the cat has the most many-sided character.
He or she is an athlete, a musician, an acrobat, a Lothario, a grim fighter, a sport of the first water. All day long the cat loafs about the house, takes things easy, sleeps by the fire, and allows himself to be pestered by the attentions of our womenfolk and annoyed by our children. To pass the time away he sometimes watches a mouse-hole for an hour or two -just to keep himself from dying of ennui; and people get the idea that this sort of thing is all that life holds for the cat. But watch him as the shades of evening fall, and you see the cat as he really is.
When the family sits down to tea, the cat usually puts in an appearance to get his share, and purrs noisily, and rubs himself against the legs of the family; and all the time he is thinking of a fight or a love-affair that is coming off that evening. If there is a guest at table the cat is particularly civil to him, because the guest is likely to have the best of what is going. Sometimes, instead of recognizing this civility with something to eat, the guest stoops down and strokes the cat, and says, "Poor pussy! Poor pussy!"
The cat soon tires of that; he puts up his claw and quietly but firmly rakes the guest in the leg.
"Oh!" says the guest, "the cat stuck his claws into me!" The delighted family remarks, "Isn't it sweet of him? Isn't he intelligent? HE WANTS YOU TO GIVE HIM SOMETHING TO EAT."
The guest dares not do what he would like to do - kick the cat through the window - so, with tears of rage and pain in his eyes, he affects to be very much amused, and sorts out a bit of fish from his plate and hands it down. The cat gingerly receives it, with a look in his eyes that says: "Another time, my friend, you won't be so dull of comprehension," and purrs maliciously as he retires to a safe distance from the guest's boot before eating it. A cat isn't a fool -- not by a long way.
Mark the statements T (True) or F (False)
1. Cats’ character is more diverse than human being’s.
2. Cats get a great deal more satisfaction out of life.
3. Cats like to be pestered by children.
4. In the morning a cat is very lively.
5. In the evening a cat is very bored,
6. The cat wants to be a participant of the teatime.
7. The cat is very amiable with a guest because he has the best food.
8. In most cases the quest misunderstands the cat.
9. The guest gets furious about being raked.
10. The delighted family really doesn’t understand the cat’s intension.
Circle the correct item
1.According to the text, which of the following is not an assumption people hold about cats?
a) Cats are lazy.
b) Cats are dumb.
c) Cats are cunning.
d) Cats only want milk and mice.
2. We could replace the phrase “a sport of the first water” with each of the following words EXCEPT…
a) a brilliant sportsman;
b) a perfect entertainer;
c) a hospitable proprietor;
d) a smart animal.
3. According to the text, why does a cat like to watch a mouse-hole?
a) To greet visitors
b) To avoid boredom
c) To catch a mouse
d) To guard the house
4. The opposite of “ennui” is …
a) boredom
b) tedium
c) dullness
d) gaiety.
5. You see the cat as he really is …
a) when the morning begins
b) when the evening begins
c) when the family sits down to tea
d) when the rainfall begins.
a) He likes to meet new people.
b) He wants to be petted.
c) He wants to make a good impression.
d) He wants visitors to feed him at dinner.
a) pretends
b) influences
c) results
d) feels
8. After being raked the guest is going to…
a) kick the cat through the window
b) to show tears of rage and pain in his eyes
c) to affect to be very much amused
d) to give the best food to him.
9. The cat eats a bit of fish…
a) purring maliciously
b) thinking of your dullness
c) under the table
d) at the other end of the room.
a) Cats make the best pets.
b) Cats are excellent hosts.
c) Cats, unlike dogs, are really man’s best friends.
d) Cats are commonly misunderstood by people.
Тур ІII
Творча письмова робота
Клас
Варіант 1
2. What is the appeal of ‘soap operas’? Do you consider any of them to be successful artistically? Why do you think some people become involved in the lives of “soap operas” characters?
Тур ІV
Усне мовлення
Клас
Варіант 1
1. What activities do you find enjoyable when you are by yourself? Why are these activities so pleasant to you? Do you feel it is important to have time for yourself? Why?What are your favourite leisure activities? Do you prefer spending your free time on your own or with your family and friends?
2. Many different languages are used around the world even within a single country. What foreign languages would you like to learn and why? How can a language help connect people from different parts of the world? How would the world be different if only one language was spoken throughout the world?
3. Every day millions of people visit video-hosting sites such as YouTube. Why have these sites become so popular? Do you or someone you know watch these clips? What kind of clips do you watch and why? What makes such sites different from television? Justify your opinion.
4. School uniforms are mandatory in some schools around the world, although certainly not in every school. If you were the headmaster of a school would you demand your pupils to wear a uniform? Imagine the response of a student who could disagree with you. What would the student say? How would you respond to him/her?
5. Throughout most of the 20t hcentury, Music and Art were considered as important as Maths and Science. Some people are concerned that nowadays schools are placing less and less emphasis on studying these subjects. Do you think that students should be required to learn Music and Art at school? Why?/Why not? Will our society change if we stop learning them? Justify your opinion.
6. Imagine that one day you will have a career of an actor or an actress. What kind of character would you play? What types of production would you be in? If you could play any character in a theater performance or movie that you have seen, who would it be and why? Do you think you would enjoy this career?
7. Many students choose to attend schools or universities outside their home country. Why do some students study abroad? Could studying abroad be viewed as a waste of time? How can a student make the most out of his/her time abroad?
8. Having a pet is quite popular nowadays. Why do you think so many people are fond of keeping pets? What kinds of animals are best as pets? Why? Are there any animals that should not be kept as pets?
9. A hero is traditionally a person who, in the face of danger, adversity or weakness, displays courage and the will for self-sacrifice for some greater good of humanity. What traits define a hero for you? Does being in the right place at the right time make a hero or are people born that way? Who is your hero/heroine and why do you look up to him/her?
10. The world is becoming increasingly urbanized. Why are more and more people living in cities? In the future, do you think people will live in the countryside? Is living in a city a sustainable lifestyle? Justify your opinion.
11. Websites, magazines, and television shows are free to say almost everything about celebrities and public figures even if it's not true. Is this practice fair? Why is the public so fascinated with the private details of famous people's lives? Would you be willing to trade privacy for fame? Explain your reasons.
12. All schools have rules. What are some of the rules you have at your school? Which rules do you believe are necessary and which do you believe are unfair? What are the advantages and disadvantages of having rules? Have you ever been caught breaking any school rules?
13. Imagine you get to move into your own apartment tomorrow. What five things would you put in your apartment first? Do you think you would keep your apartment clean or messy? Why? Would you invite anyone to live with you or would you stay there alone? Why?
14. Discuss the quote "You never step into the same river twice." How do you interpret this quote? Do you think it is a true statement? Why or why not? How can you relate it to yourself?
15. We all try to avoid illness through healthy daily habits and diets. When we get ill, most of us go to the doctor for advice or prescription medicines. What preventative measures do you take to maintain your health? How do different cultures approach health care? Compare and contrast Ukrainian health care with another culture. In your opinion, do people rely too much on pharmaceuticals?
16. Parents often tell children, “Mind your manners”. What do you think are examples of good manners/bad manners? Can manners affect your success in life? How? What is the best way to teach manners to children?
17. Do you think a universal language would be useful for modern life? Which language would you suggest as the common one? What are the disadvantages of having a universal language? How do you think knowing more than one language can affect your life?
18. "By failing to prepare, you are preparing to fail" is a popular saying. Describe a time when you spent a lot of time preparing for a project, job, or performance. How did you prepare? Were you successful because of your preparation? Can people be successful without being prepared?
19. If you could be in any TV show, which would it be? Would you be a new character or an existing one? How would you introduce yourself into the show?
How would your presence affect the plot?
20. Franklin D. Roosevelt declared, "The only thing we have to fear is fear itself. What do you think of this quotation? What phobias do you have? How do you handle fear?
Тур І
Тест
Клас
Варіант 1
1.They said that they ….. early next morning.
A. had been leaving B. would leave C. had left
2. I wish you ….. stop arguing with your sister.
A. had B. would C. wouldn’t
3. You won’t get a visa ….. you have your passport with you.
A. if B. when C. unless
4. Alice ….. me that she was moving to Cornwall the following year.
A. said B. told C. asked
5. If only I ….. more convincing at the audition! I would have got the part.
A. were B. had been C. be
6. If you go to the bakery, ….. me some bread, please.
A. buy B. will buy C. bought
7. ….. you need a plumber, contact my brother-in-law.
A. Would B. Had C. Should
8. Alan ….. to drive me into the city centre.
A. agreed B. threatened C. ordered
9. Tim told me that he couldn’t ….. one twin from the other.
A. tell B. say C. ask
10. You can borrow the car ….. you put in some petrol before you bring it back.
A. as long as B. suppose C. unless
Тур ІI
Аудіювання
Клас
Варіант 1
Text № 15
Many great inventions are greeted with ridicule and disbelief. The invention of the airplane was no exception. Although many people who heard about the first powered flight on December 17, 1903, were excited and impressed, others reacted with peals of laughter. The idea of flying an aircraft was repulsive to some people. Such people called Wilbur and Orville Wright, the inventors of the first flying machine, impulsive fools. Negative reactions, however, did not stop the Wrights. Impelled by their desire to succeed, they continued their experiments in aviation.
Orville and Wilbur Wright had always had a compelling interest in aeronautics and mechanics. As young boys they earned money by making and selling kites and mechanical toys. Later, they designed a newspaper-folding machine, built a printing press, and operated a bicycle-repair shop. In 1896, when they read about the death of Otto Lilienthal, the brother's interest in flight grew into a compulsion.
Lilienthal, a pioneer in hang-gliding, had controlled his gliders by shifting his body in the desired direction. This idea was repellent to the Wright brothers, however, and they searched for more efficient methods to control the balance of airborne vehicles. In 1900 and 1901, the Wrights tested numerous gliders and developed control techniques. The brothers' inability to obtain enough lift power for the gliders almost led them to abandon their efforts.
After further study, the Wright brothers concluded that the published tables of air pressure on curved surfaces must be wrong. They set up a wind tunnel and began a series of experiments with model wings. Because of their efforts, the old tables were repealed in time and replaced by the first reliable figures for air pressure on curved surfaces. This work, in turn, made it possible for them to design a machine that would fly. In 1903 the Wrights built their first airplane, which cost less than one thousand dollars. They even designed and built their own source of propulsion- a lightweight gasoline engine. When they started the engine on December 17, the airplane pulsated wildly before taking off. The plane managed to stay aloft for twelve seconds, however, and it flew one hundred twenty feet.
By 1905 the Wrights had perfected the first airplane that could turn, circle, and remain airborne for half an hour at a time. Others had flown in balloons or in hang gliders, but the Wright brothers were the first to build a full-size machine that could fly under its own power. As the contributors of one of the most outstanding engineering achievements in history, the Wright brothers are accurately called the fathers of aviation.
Mark the statements T (True) or F (False)
Circle the correct item
1. The idea of flying an aircraft was... to some people.
a) boring
b) distasteful
c) exciting
d) needless
e) answer not available
2. People thought that the Wright brothers had...
a) acted without thinking
b) been negatively influenced
c) been too cautious
d) had not given enough thought
e) acted in a negative way
3. The Wright's interest in flight grew into a...
a) financial empire
b) plan
c) need to act
d) foolish thought
e) answer not in article
4. Lilenthal's idea about controlling airborne vehicles was... the Wrights.
a) proven wrong by
b) opposite to the ideas of
c) disliked by
d) accepted by
e) opposed by
5. The old tables were... and replaced by the first reliable figures for air pressure on curved surfaces.
a) destroyed
b) cancelled
c) multiplied
d) discarded
e) not used
6. The Wrights designed and built their own source of...
a) force for moving forward
b) force for turning around
c) turning
d) force to going backward
e) none of the above
Тур ІII
Творча письмова робота
Клас
Варіант 1
1. Teaching machines ranging from hand-help dictionaries to complete classroom systems, to a great extent replace the human teacher. Schools themselves may decline in importance when the home information system supplements or even supersedes traditional method of education. What do you think about it?
Тур ІV
Усне мовлення
Клас
Варіант 1
1. What activities do you find enjoyable when you are by yourself? Why are these activities so pleasant to you? Do you feel it is important to have time for yourself? Why?What are your favourite leisure activities? Do you prefer spending your free time on your own or with your family and friends?
2. Many different languages are used around the world even within a single country. What foreign languages would you like to learn and why? How can a language help connect people from different parts of the world? How would the world be different if only one language was spoken throughout the world?
3. Every day millions of people visit video-hosting sites such as YouTube. Why have these sites become so popular? Do you or someone you know watch these clips? What kind of clips do you watch and why? What makes such sites different from television? Justify your opinion.
4. School uniforms are mandatory in some schools around the world, although certainly not in every school. If you were the headmaster of a school would you demand your pupils to wear a uniform? Imagine the response of a student who could disagree with you. What would the student say? How would you respond to him/her?
5. Throughout most of the 20t hcentury, Music and Art were considered as important as Maths and Science. Some people are concerned that nowadays schools are placing less and less emphasis on studying these subjects. Do you think that students should be required to learn Music and Art at school? Why?/Why not? Will our society change if we stop learning them? Justify your opinion.
6. Imagine that one day you will have a career of an actor or an actress. What kind of character would you play? What types of production would you be in? If you could play any character in a theater performance or movie that you have seen, who would it be and why? Do you think you would enjoy this career?
7. Many students choose to attend schools or universities outside their home country. Why do some students study abroad? Could studying abroad be viewed as a waste of time? How can a student make the most out of his/her time abroad?
8. Having a pet is quite popular nowadays. Why do you think so many people are fond of keeping pets? What kinds of animals are best as pets? Why? Are there any animals that should not be kept as pets?
9. A hero is traditionally a person who, in the face of danger, adversity or weakness, displays courage and the will for self-sacrifice for some greater good of humanity. What traits define a hero for you? Does being in the right place at the right time make a hero or are people born that way? Who is your hero/heroine and why do you look up to him/her?
10. The world is becoming increasingly urbanized. Why are more and more people living in cities? In the future, do you think people will live in the countryside? Is living in a city a sustainable lifestyle? Justify your opinion.
11. Websites, magazines, and television shows are free to say almost everything about celebrities and public figures even if it's not true. Is this practice fair? Why is the public so fascinated with the private details of famous people's lives? Would you be willing to trade privacy for fame? Explain your reasons.
12. All schools have rules. What are some of the rules you have at your school? Which rules do you believe are necessary and which do you believe are unfair? What are the advantages and disadvantages of having rules? Have you ever been caught breaking any school rules?
13. Imagine you get to move into your own apartment tomorrow. What five things would you put in your apartment first? Do you think you would keep your apartment clean or messy? Why? Would you invite anyone to live with you or would you stay there alone? Why?
14. Discuss the quote "You never step into the same river twice." How do you interpret this quote? Do you think it is a true statement? Why or why not? How can you relate it to yourself?
15. We all try to avoid illness through healthy daily habits and diets. When we get ill, most of us go to the doctor for advice or prescription medicines. What preventative measures do you take to maintain your health? How do different cultures approach health care? Compare and contrast Ukrainian health care with another culture. In your opinion, do people rely too much on pharmaceuticals?
16. Parents often tell children, “Mind your manners”. What do you think are examples of good manners/bad manners? Can manners affect your success in life? How? What is the best way to teach manners to children?
17. Do you think a universal language would be useful for modern life? Which language would you suggest as the common one? What are the disadvantages of having a universal language? How do you think knowing more than one language can affect your life?
18. "By failing to prepare, you are preparing to fail" is a popular saying. Describe a time when you spent a lot of time preparing for a project, job, or performance. How did you prepare? Were you successful because of your preparation? Can people be successful without being prepared?
19. If you could be in any TV show, which would it be? Would you be a new character or an existing one? How would you introduce yourself into the show?
How would your presence affect the plot?
20. Franklin D. Roosevelt declared, "The only thing we have to fear is fear itself. What do you think of this quotation? What phobias do you have? How do you handle fear?
Тур І
Тест
Клас
Варіант 1
1. I……go to Simon’s party last week.
A. can B. may C. was allowed to
2. “Which of those boys is your brother?” “He’s………of the three.”
A. the tall B. taller C. the tallest
3. He got a job……..a postman, but he didn’t like it.
A. like B. as C. as if
4. The bank robbers made the cashier……. them all the money.
A. to give B. giving C. give
5. ………to have been a dancer when she was young.
A. It’s believed B. She’s believed C. She believes
6. Students who would like……information should contact Mr. Barnes.
A. farther B. further C. furthest
7. Our parents arrived…….than expected because their flight was delayed.
A. later B. late C. latest
8. The older she gets,…….mature she becomes.
A. the most B. more C. the more
9. Tracey is not so……as Patricia in making cakes.
A. more skilled B. skilled C. most skilled
10. This piece of fabric is…….more expensive because it is hand-woven.
A. least B. half C. slightly
Тур ІI
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Варіант 1
Text № 19
Billionaires ‘adding to poverty’.
Billionaires’ fortunes hinder fight against poverty, says Oxfam
Phillip Inman, economics correspondent 19 January, 2013
The huge fortunes made by the world’s richest 100 billionaires are increasing inequality and hindering the world’s ability to tackle poverty, according to Oxfam.
The charity said the accumulation of wealth and income often led to a reduction in secure jobs and decent wages for the poorest people. This made it more difficult for people who survive on aid or low wages to improve their situation and escape poverty.
Oxfam said the world’s poorest could be taken out of poverty several times over if the richest 100 billionaires would give away the money they made in 2012.
Without naming anyone, the charity argued that the $240bn made in 2012 by the richest 100 billionaires would be enough to end extreme poverty four times over.
It is unusual for charities to attack the wealthy, because they are usually seen as a source of money. Bill Gates and Warren Buffett are among a group of 40 US billionaires who have said they will give much of their wealth to aid projects, but there is little detail about the level of their annual donations. Russian, Middle Eastern or Chinese billionaires have not promised to do the same.
In the report, The Cost of Inequality: How Wealth and Income Extremes Hurt Us All, published just before the World Economic Forum in Davos, the charity asks world leaders to commit to reducing inequality to at least 1990 levels.
The report found that the richest 1% had increased their incomes by 60% in the past 20 years. And the financial crisis has sped up, not slowed, the process.
Barbara Stocking, Oxfam’s Chief Executive, said studies show that countries suffer low levels of investment and growth as workers are forced to survive on a smaller share of total incomes.
She said: “We can no longer pretend that the creation of wealth for a few will benefit the many – too often the reverse is true.”
The report said the issue affected all parts of the world. “In the UK, inequality is rapidly returning to levels not seen since the nineteenth century. In China, the top 10% now earn nearly 60% of the income. Chinese inequality levels are now similar to those in South Africa, which is now the most unequal country on Earth.”
In the US, the share of national income going to the top 1% has doubled since 1980 from 10 to 20%, the report says.
Members of the richest 1% are estimated to cause as much as 10,000 times more pollution than the average US citizen.
Oxfam said world leaders should learn from countries such as Brazil, which has grown rapidly while reducing inequality.
Stocking said: “We need to reverse decades of increasing inequality. As a first step, world leaders should formally agree to reduce inequality to the levels seen in 1990.”
She said closing tax havens, which hold as much as $31 trillion, or as much as a third of all global wealth, could collect $189bn in additional taxes.
Oxfam -a British charity founded in Oxford in 1942, dedicated to helping victims of famine and natural disasters as well as raising living standards in developing countries
Mark the statements true (T) or false (F)
1. According to Oxfam inequality and hindering the world’s ability to tackle poverty is increased because of the huge fortunes made by the world’s richest 100 billionaires.
2. The build-up of wealth and income often led to a decrease in secure jobs and decent wages for the needy people.
3. Oxfam suggests helping poor people by taking away money from the billionaires.
4. It is unusual for charities to praise the wealthy.
5. According to the article the wealthy people are usually seen as a source of money for business.
6. The financial crisis has sped up, not slowed, the process of increasing the incomes of the rich people.
7. Studies show that countries suffer low levels of funding and growth as workers are forced to survive on a smaller allowance of total incomes.
8. The formation of wealth for a few will benefit the many.
9. Members of the richest 1% are believed to give rise as much as 10,000 times more pollution than the average US citizen.
10. Brazil is one of the countries which has grown slow while reducing inequality.
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