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| 12.1 | In legislation, list Member States in the following order (based on absolute alphabetical order).
(Abbreviations decided by the Permanent Representations)
For addresses see point 7.1.3 of the Interinstitutional Style Guide. |
| 12.2 | For tables appearing in several language versions, list the Member States in the same order. |
| 12.3 | In single-language documents, list in English alphabetical order. |
| 12.4 | For other countries, see the list at http://europa.eu.int/comm/translation/currencies/entable1.htm. |
LANGUAGES
| 12.5 | Protocol order. Use the absolute alphabetical order of the official names of the languages. Use ISO code 639 for the abbreviations. The ISO code itself uses lower case, but it is probably clearer to use upper case in EU documents. For other languages see Annex 6.
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| 12.6 | In running text, list in English alphabetical order: Danish, Dutch, English, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish, Swedish. |
| 12.7 | In an agreement published in a non-EU language, list the non-EU language after the EU languages: This Agreement has been drawn up in English, French, German and Bulgarian. |
| 12.8 | Official and working languages. The relevant regulations do not distinguish between official and working languages. The Irish texts of the Treaties are authentic, but Irish is not an official/working language. |
CURRENCIES
| 12.9 | Currency abbreviations. The Publications Office uses a single list, ISO 4217, for both OJ work and non-OJ work. The full list, recommended for use in the Commission by its Secretariat-General in 1996, can be found online at http://europa.eu.int/comm/translation/currencies/entable1.htm. The following table shows the names and abbreviations/symbols for the currencies of the EU Member States and some other countries.
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| 12.10 | The currency abbreviation precedes the amount and takes a space: FRF 2 400; EUR 3 500; EUR 2 billion When used, currency symbols are closed up: $100; £78; €120 |
| 12.11 | Where a sum is written in words, use the form shown in the table above: a sum of seven million German marks, two million ecus. |
| 12.12 | The euro. Like 'pound', 'dollar' or any other currency name, the word 'euro' is normally written in lower case with no initial capital. In tables and documents where monetary amounts figure largely, make maximum use of the abbreviation EUR (before the amount) or the € symbol (closed up to the figure). Note that the € symbol is still not used in the Official Journal. Guidelines on the use of the euro, issued via the Secretariat-General, state that the plurals of both 'euro' and 'cent' are to be written without 's' in English. Do this when amending or referring to legal texts that themselves observe this rule. Elsewhere, and especially in documents intended for the general public, use the natural plural with 's' for both terms. |
| 12.13 | Use a point to separate units from subunits: Price: FRF 7.20; BEF 50.-. |
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| 13. | REFERRING TO THE EUROPEAN UNION |
| 13.1 | The European Union. The Treaty on European Union, familiarly known as the Maastricht Treaty, introduced European Union as the official collective title for the three Communities (see next item), taken as constituting the first 'pillar' of the Union, plus pillars 2 and 3, which are, respectively, common foreign and security policy (including a future common defence policy), and justice and home affairs. Under the Treaty of Amsterdama large part of justice and home affairs is brought within the Community framework proper and, once the Treaty has been ratified, the third pillar will be confined to police and judicial cooperation in criminal matters. While the term 'European Union' has now largely taken over from 'European Community' in the press and elsewhere to refer to the European political entity, note that the EU co-exists with but has not replaced the EC (or the other Communities). The EU is an expression of the political will of its Member States as set forth in the Maastricht Treaty; it has powers of its own under pillars 2 and 3, but has no legal personality as yet. In particular, it has no powers to negotiate or conclude trade agreements, grant tariff preferences, or enforce competition law, so 'EC' (or 'ECSC') rather than 'EU' is still appropriate in these contexts. Note also that the French often use 'l'Europe' to refer to the political entity — translate as 'the EU' not 'Europe'. |
| 13.2 | The Council is thus, quite logically, designated the Council of the European Union, while the Commission — which has no direct involvement in policy-making for pillars 2 and 3 — remains the Commission of the European Communities; this is normally shortened to the European Commission in most contexts, including letterheads, though not in the preambles to legislation. |
| 13.3 | The European Communities. The form 'European Communities' has always been the correct legal form to refer collectively to the European Coal and Steel Community, the European Economic Community (now European Community) and the European Atomic Energy Community. Their full names rather than the abbreviations ECSC, EEC (now EC) and Euratom are to be used in the main text of Community legislation. |
| 13.4 | The European Community. The form 'European Community' was already being frequently used for all three Communities in non-legal contexts before the Treaty on European Union. Confusingly, the Maastricht Treaty has now changed the official title of just the 'European Economic Community' to 'European Community'. |
| 13.5 | The Community. This is used as a shortened version of 'the European Community' or for just one of the three Communities when the context is clear. |
| 13.6 | The Communities. This is occasionally found as a short form for the three original Communities together. |
| 13.7 | The Community of Fifteen. The form 'Community of Fifteen' (Twelve, Ten, Nine, Six) is used to distinguish different memberships at different periods. 'The Fifteen' is informal, but note that 'les Quinze' in French is often used to signify intergovernmental as opposed to Community action, especially in foreign policy and in the context of the two non-Community pillars — so it emphasises more than just the number of Member States. NB: in tables, use EU now rather than EUR to avoid confusion with the euro, i.e. EU 15, 12, 10, 9 or 6. |
| 13.8 | The Common Market. The form 'Common Market' is not normally used in Community documents at all, except in “the common market in goods and services”, etc. Note the use of lower case in this meaning. See also 17.12. |
| 13.9 | The Single Market or single market. This seems to have won out in English over internal market (which has other connotations in UK — cf. French: marché unique, grand marché, German: großer Binnenmarkt), except in the hallowed phrase “completing the internal market”, which was originally the title of the key White Paper: hence references such as 'since completion of the internal market', 'now that the internal market has been completed', etc. |
| 13.10 | EC vs EEC. Since the Treaty on European Union, 'EC' as in the EC Treaty has become the official abbreviation for 'European Community', the new name of the EEC (see above). Use EEC therefore only for the European Economic Community in historical contexts. |
| 13.11 | Community is gradually displacing common in phrases like 'Community policies' (= politiques communes). However, common is still to be used in common fisheries policy, common agricultural [not agriculture ] policy, etc. |
| 13.12 | Acquis communautaire. The problem of finding a translation for this term is not confined to English or to the Commission: the French term is used in Article B of the Dutch and Italian versions of the Maastricht Treaty as well as the English version. The expression is also used in a wide variety of Commission documents, sometimes conveying slightly differing ideas. It is unrealistic to try to arrive at an “agreed translation” for all occasions. Leave the term in French when quoting directly from Treaty articles and legislative provisions, and in related legal contexts. It is also acceptable as in-house jargon in communications not intended for outside circulation. For outside audiences, however, avoid using the term in French where possible, or at least add an explanation or definition. “Community patrimony” and “legal framework” have been used, neither to unanimous acclaim. A recommended expression is “established EU law and practice”. The words “and practice” could often be omitted, as could the word “established”, which conveys something of the idea of “achievement” inherent in the French acquis. Other acceptable renderings for general audiences include “the body of EU law”, “the body of EU rules” or just “EU rules”, and “existing Community rules”. |
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