Each university has its own symbol. Match the symbols and the universities they belong to.

UNIVERSITIES OF THE WORLD. HISTORICAL NOTES

Read the text and make a list of new words.

A university is an institution of higher/tertiary education and research which grants academic degrees in a variety of subjects and provides both undergraduate and postgraduate education. The word "university" is derived from the Latin universitas magistrorum et scholarium, which roughly means "community of teachers and scholars."

Colloquially, the term university may be used to describe a phase in one's life: "When I was at university..." (in the United States and Ireland, college is often used instead: "When I was in college..."). In Australia, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands and the German-speaking countries university is often contracted to uni. In New Zealand and in South Africa it is sometimes called " varsity " (although this has become uncommon in New Zealand in recent years), which was also common usage in the UK in the 19th century.

A college (Latin: collegium) is an educational institution or a constituent part of one. Usage of the word college varies in English-speaking nations. A college may be a degree-awarding tertiary educational institution, an institution within a university, an institution offering vocational education, or a secondary school. In the United States and Ireland, "college" and "university" are loosely interchangeable,[1] whereas in the UK, New Zealand, Australia, Canada and other Commonwealth nations, "college" may refer to a secondary or high school, a college of further education, a training institution that awards trade qualifications, or a constituent part of a university. (See this comparison of British and American English educational terminology for further information.)

The first universities in Europe with a form of corporate/guild structure were the University of Bologna (1088), the University of Paris (c. 1150, later associated with the Sorbonne), the University of Oxford (1167), the University of Palencia (1208), the University of Cambridge (1209), etc.

The university culture developed differently in northern Europe than it did in the south, although the northern (primarily Germany, France and Great Britain) and southern universities (primarily Italy) did have many elements in common. Latin was the language of the university, used for all texts, lectures, disputations and examinations. Professors lectured on the books of Aristotle for logic, natural philosophy, and metaphysics; while Hippocrates, Galen, and Avicenna were used for medicine. Outside of these commonalities, great differences separated north and south, primarily in subject matter. Italian universities focused on law and medicine, while the northern universities focused on the arts and theology.

Early Modern universities initially continued the curriculum and research of the Middle Ages: natural philosophy, logic, medicine, theology, mathematics, astronomy (and astrology), law, grammar and rhetoric.

Until the 19th century, religion played a significant role in university curriculum; however, the role of religion in research universities decreased in the 19th century. Universities concentrated on science in the 19th and 20th centuries and became increasingly accessible to the masses. In Britain, the move from Industrial Revolution to modernity saw the arrival of new civic universities with an emphasis on science and engineering, a movement initiated in 1960 with the formation of the University of Strathclyde. The British also established universities worldwide, and higher education became available to the masses not only in Europe.

In 1960s, the Robbins Report on universities in the United Kingdom concluded that such institutions should have four main "objectives essential to any properly balanced system: instruction in skills; the promotion of the general powers of the mind so as to produce not mere specialists but rather cultivated men and women; to maintain research in balance with teaching, since teaching should not be separated from the advancement of learning and the search for truth; and to transmit a common culture and common standards of citizenship."

Although each institution is organized differently, nearly all universities have a board of trustees; a president, chancellor, or rector; at least one vice president, vice-chancellor, or vice-rector; and deans of various divisions. Universities are generally divided into a number of academic departments, schools or faculties. Public university systems are ruled over by government-run higher education boards. They also approve new programs of instruction and cancel or make changes in existing programs. In addition, they plan for the further coordinated growth and development of the various institutions of higher education in the state or country. However, many public universities in the world have a considerable degree of financial, research and pedagogical autonomy. Private universities are privately funded and generally have a broader independence from state policies. However, they may have less independence from business corporations depending on the source of their finances.

// based on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University

Find the expressions below in the text and give their Russian equivalents. Give definitions to the words and expression in bold type.

higher/tertiary education

to grant academic degrees in a variety of subjects

to provide undergraduate education

to provide postgraduate education

degree-awarding tertiary educational institution

an institution within a university

an institution offering vocational education

a secondary school

Further education

a training institution

to awards trade qualifications

a constituent part of a university

a form of corporate/guild structure

Curriculum

Research

to concentrate on science (humanities)

emphasis on … (science, engineering, etc)

to instruct in skills

to promote the general powers of the mind

to produce specialists

to produce cultivated men and women

to maintain research in balance with teaching

to transmit a common culture and common standards of citizenship

to approve new programs of instruction

make changes in existing programs

Give English equivalents to the following expressions

высшее образование

готовить (заниматься подготовкой) специалистов

готовить образованных людей

дальнейшее образование, повышение квалификации

исследовательская работа

концентрироваться на науке (естественнонаучных дисциплинах)

корпоративная/организационная структура

образовательное учреждение

образовательное учреждение высшего образования, имеющее право присваивать степень по специальности

организация в рамках университета

организация, предоставляющая профессиональное образование

поддерживать баланс между научными исследованиями и обучением

постдипломное образование

преддипломное обучение

придавать особое значение (науке, инженерным специальностям, гуманитарным дисциплинам) обучать навыкам/умениям

присваивать академическую степень по различным дисциплинам

присваивать профессиональную квалификацию

проводить изменения в существующих программах

распространять общечеловеческие стандарты культуры и гражданского общества

составная часть университета

среднее образовательное учреждение

стимулировать развитие общих способностей

утверждать новые обучающие программы

учебный план

4. Answer the following questions:

1. When and where did the first universities appear?

2. What are the general purposes of universities/colleges as social institutions?

3. Different countries have different colloquial names for university. What are those words? Where are they used?

4. What language was the language of university community in old days and why? What was it used for?

5. What was the basis for the curriculum in the early universities?

6. What subjects played a significant role in university curriculum in Middle Age and in early modern age?

7. What are the four objectives of the present-day universities?

8. How are the universities managed?

9. What are the functions of educational boards?

10. What is the difference between private and public universities?

5. Study the table below and fill in the chart. Compare these major universities of the world (which one is the oldest/youngest; the largest from the point of view of teaching staff/students; etc)

University, location	Type	Date of foundation	Number of students (undergraduates and post-graduates)	Teaching staff
1. 2.

6. Be ready to ask and answer questions about the major universities of the world:

Sample questions: When was … founded?

Where is … located?

How many undergraduate/post graduate/international students study at …?

How many academicians teach at …?, etc.

University of Oxford Motto in English: The Lord is my Light Established Unknown, teaching existed since 1096 Students 21,535 Undergraduates 11,723 Postgraduates 9,327 Other students 461 Location Oxford, England, UK Colours Oxford Blue Athletics The Sporting Blue www.ox.ac.uk	Yale University Motto in English: Light and truth Established 1701 Type Private Academic staff 3,619 Students 11,593 Undergraduates 5,275 Postgraduates 6,318 Location New Haven, Connecticut, United States Campus Urban Colors Yale Blue Athletics NCAA Division I (FCS Football) Ivy League Nickname Bulldogs, Elis, Yalies Mascot Handsome Dan www.Yale.edu	Korea University Motto: Libertas, Justitia, Veritas Established May 5, 1905 Type Private Academic staff 4,006 (2011) Students 25,182 (2011) Undergraduates 20,073 (2011) Postgraduates 5,109 (2011) Location: Seoul, South Korea Campus Urban Colors Crimson Athletics: Football, Rugby, Ice Hockey, Baseball, Basketball, Nickname Anam Tigers Mascot Tiger www.korea.edu (English)
University of Paris Motto Hic et ubique terrarum (Latin) Motto in English Here and anywhere on Earth Active Circa 1150 – 1793, 1896–1970 Type Corporative from c. 1150 to 1793 and public from 1896 to 1970 Location Paris, France Campus Urban	Lomonosov Moscow State University Motto Наука есть ясное познание истины, просвещение разума (Science is clear learning of truth and enlightenment of the mind) Established 1755 Type Public Admin. staff 15,000 Students 47,000 Undergraduates 40,000 Postgraduates 7,000 Location Moscow, Russia Campus urban www.msu.ru	University of Bologna Motto Alma mater studiorum (Latin) Motto in English: Nourishing mother of [the] studies Established 1088 Type State-supported Rector Prof. Ivano Dionigi Students 83.000 (2010) Location Bologna, Italy Sports teams CUSB Affiliations Coimbra Group, Utrecht Network www.unibo.it
Saint Petersburg State University Motto: Here we stay in safety Established 1724 (1819) Type Public Admin. staff 11,854 Students 32,400 Undergraduates 26,872 Postgraduates 5,566 Location Saint Petersburg, Russia Campus Both urban and suburban www.спбгу.рф	University of Cambridge Motto: From this place, we gain enlightenment and precious knowledge Established c. 1209 Type Public Academic staff 5,999 Admin. staff 3,142 Students 18,448 Undergraduates 12,077 Postgraduates 6,371 Location Cambridge, England, UK Colours Cambridge Blue Athletics The Sporting Blue www.cam.ac.uk	The University of Tokyo Established 1877 Type Public (National) Academic staff 2,429 full-time 175 part-time Admin. staff 5,779 Students 28,697 Undergraduates 14,274 Postgraduates 13,732 Doctoral students 6,022 Research students 747 Location: Bunkyō, Tokyo, Japan Campus Urban Colors Light Blue Athletics 46 varsity teams www.u-tokyo.ac.jp
University of London Established 1836 Type Public Students 135,090 internal (2005-2006) 50,000 International Location London, England, United Kingdom www.london.ac.uk	Peking University 北京大学 Established 1898 Type National Academic staff 4,206 Undergraduates 15,128 Postgraduates 15,039 Location Beijing, People's Republic of China Campus Urban Former names Imperial University of Peking[1] www.pku.edu.cn	The University of Auckland Motto in English: By natural ability and hard work Established 1883 Type Public Students 39,940 total, 31,689 full-time equivalent (2009) Postgraduates 6,410 full-time equivalent Location Auckland, New Zealand Campus Multiple www.auckland.ac.nz
The University of Sydney Motto in English Literal: Though the constellations change, the mind is universal Meaning: The traditions of the older universities of the Northern Hemisphere are continued here in the Southern Established 1850 Type Public Admin. staff 3,081 (FTE academic, 2008) Students 49,020 (2011) Undergraduates 32,393 (2011) Postgraduates 16,627 (2011) Location Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Campus Urban, Parks Colours Red, Gold & Blue www.sydney.edu.au	Harvard University Motto in English Truth Established 1636 Type Private Academic staff 2,107 Admin. staff 2,497 non-medical; 10,674 medical Students 21,225 Undergraduates 7,181 total; 6,655 College 526 Extension Postgraduates 14,044 Location Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S. Campus Urban Newspaper: The Harvard Crimson Colors Crimson Athletics: 41 Varsity Teams Ivy League Nickname Harvard Crimson www.Harvard.edu	Columbia University Columbia University in the City of New York In Thy light shall we see light Established 1754 Type Private Academic staff 3,634 Students 27,606 Undergraduates 7,934 Postgraduates 19,672 Location Manhattan, New York City, New York, USA Campus Urban Newspaper Columbia Daily Spectator Colors: Columbia blue and White Athletics: NCAA Division I FCS, Ivy League 31 sports teams Mascot: Columbia Lions www.columbia.edu

Each university has its own symbol. Match the symbols and the universities they belong to.

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