Analysis and Discussion

The Likability Sweepstakes

1. In the age of television, the images of
candidates are more important than issues.
At the beginning of the 1988 presidential
campaign, Bush was seen as awkward,
wimpish, maladroit, goofy and lacking
charisma, whereas Dukakis was characterized
as competent, soulless, reserved, tough and
hard. How did the image-makers remodel
their candidates to make them appear more
likeable and appealing to a vast TV audience?

2. How useful then are televised presidential
debates?

3. The quotation from Arthur Miller's Death of
Salesman underlines the American belief that
being well-liked is an important key to
success. Do you share this view?

4. To what extent do you think the likability
■ factor decides elections in your country?

Comment

Dilemmas

1. Which cases mentioned in the opinion poll
did the respondents find the most
objectionable and which the least
objectionable? How do you account for the
results of this opinion poll?

2. If you were an editor, how would you react
in each of the situations described?

3. Do you know any similar cases that actually
happened in the U.S.A., any other country or
your own country?

278 AMERICA IN CLOSE-UP

Some Facts about the States

	Date of		Area	Land	Population		Cities
State	admission	Capital	(sq. mi.)	area	(1982est.)	Density^1	100,000+
1 Delaware		Dover	2,057	1,982	602,000		_____
2 Pennsylvania		Harrisburg	45,333	44,966	11,865,000
3 New Jersey		Trenton	7,836	7,521	7,438,000
4 Georgia		Atlanta	58,876	58,073	5,639,000
5 Connecticut		Hartford	5,009	4,862	3,153,000
6 Massachusetts		Boston	8,257	7,826	5,781,000
7 Maryland		Annapolis	10,577	9,891	4,265,000
8 South Carolina		Columbia	31,055	30,255	3,203,000		—
9 New Hampshire		Concord	9,304	9,027	951,000		—
10 Virginia		Richmond	40,817	39,780	5,491,000
11 New York		Albany	49,576	47,831	17,659,000
12 North Carolina		Raleigh	52,586	48,798	6,019,000
13 Rhode Island		Providence	1,214	1,049	958,000
14 Vermont		Montpelier	9,609	9,267	516,000		—
15 Kentucky		Frankfort	40,395	39,650	3,667,000
16 Tennessee		Nashville	42,244	41,328	4,651,000
17 Ohio		Columbus	41,222	40,975	10,791,000
18 Louisiana		Baton Rouge	48,523	44,930	4,362,000
19 Indiana		Indianapolis	36,291	36,097	5,471,000
20 Mississippi		Jackson	47,716	47,296	2,551,000
21 Illinois		Springfield	56,400	55,748	11,448,000
22 Alabama		Montgomery	51,609	50,708	3,943,000
23 Maine		Augusta	33,215	30,920	1,133,000		—
24 Missouri		Jefferson City	69,686	68,995	4,951,000
25 Arkansas		Little Rock	53,104	51,945	2,291,000
26 Michigan		Lansing	58,216	56,817	9,109,000
27 Florida		Tallahassee	58,560	54,090	10,416,000
28 Texas		Austin	267,338	262,134	15,280,000
29 Iowa		Des Moines	56,290	55,941	2,905,000
30 Wisconsin		Madison	56,154	54,464	4,765,000
31 California		Sacramento	158,693	156,361	24,724,000
32 Minnesota		St. Paul	84,068	79,289	4,133,000
33 Oregon		Salem	96,981	96,184	2,649,000
34 Kansas		Topeka	82,264	81,787	2,408,000
35 West Virginia		Charleston	24,181	24,070	1,948,000		—
36 Nevada		Carson City	110,540	109,889	881,000
37 Nebraska		Lincoln	77,227	76,483	1,585,000
38 Colorado		Denver	104,247	103,766	3,045,000
39 North Dakota		Bismarck	70,665	69,273	670,000		—
40 South Dakota		Pierre	77,047	75,955	691,000		_
41 Montana		Helena	147,138	145,587	801,000		—
42 Washington		Olympia	68,192	66,570	4,245,000
43 Idaho		Boise	83,577	82,677	965,000
44 Wyoming		Cheyenne	97,914	97,203	502,000		—
45 Utah		Salt Lake City	84,916	82,096	1,554,000
46 Oklahoma		Oklahoma City	69,919	68,782	3,177,000
47 New Mexico		Santa Fe	121,666	121,412	1,359,000
48 Arizona		Phoenix	113,909	113,417	2,860,000
49 Alaska		Juneau	589,757	569,600	438,000
50 Hawaii		Honolulu	6,450	6,425	994,000
Dist. of Columbia		Washington			631,000	10,016
Puerto Rico		San Juan	3,435	3,421	3,261,000
Guam		Agana			111,000		—
American Samoa		Fagotogo			34,000		-
Virgin Islands		Charlotte Amalie			102,000		—

'Density: persons per square mile of land area

PRESIDENTS AND VICE-PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES 279

Presidents and Vice-Presidents of the United States

	Years in				State
President	office	Party	Born	Died	Born/Home	Vice-President
1 George Washington	1789-1797				Virginia	John Adams
2 John Adams	1797-1801	Federalist			Massachusetts	Thomas Jefferson
3 Thomas Jefferson	1801-1809	Republican			Virginia	Aaron Burr
						George Clinton
4 James Madison	1809-1817	Republican			Virginia	George Clinton
						Elbridge Gerry
5 James Monroe	1817-1825	Republican			Virginia	Daniel D. Tompkins
6 John Quincy Adams	1825-1829	Nat. Rep.			Massachusetts	John C. Calhoun
7 Andrew Jackson	1829-1837	Democratic			S.C./Tenn.	John C. Calhoun
						Martin Van Buren
8 Martin Van Buren	1837-1841	Democratic			New York	Richard M. Johnson
9 William Henry Harrison	Mar. 1841	Whig			Va./Ohio	John Tyler
10 John Tyler	1841-1845	Whig			Virginia
11 James K. Polk	1845-1849	Democratic			N.C./Tenn.	George M. Dallas
12 Zachary Taylor	1849-1850	Whig			Va./La.	Millard Fillmore
13 Millard Fillmore	1850-1853	Whig			New York
14 Franklin Pierce	1853-1857	Democratic			New Hampshire	William R.D. King
15 James Buchanan	1857-1861	Democratic			Pennsylvania	John C. Breckinridge
16 Abraham Lincoln	1861-1865	Republican			Ky./Ill.	Hannibal Hamlin
						Andrew Johnson
17 Andrew Johnson	1865-1869	Republican			N.C./Tenn.
18 Ulysses S. Grant	1869-1877	Republican			Ohio/Ill.	Schuyler Colfax
						Henry Wilson
19 Rutherford B. Hayes	1877-1881	Republican			Ohio	William A. Wheeler
20 James A. Garfield		Republican			Ohio	Chester A. Arthur
21 Chester A. Arthur	1881-1885	Republican			Vt./N.Y.
22 Grover Cleveland	1885-1889	Democratic			N.J./N.Y.	Thomas A. Hendricks
23 Benjamin Harrison	1889-1893	Republican			Ohio/Ind.	Levi P. Morton
24 Grover Cleveland	1893-1897	Democratic			N.J./N.Y.	Adlai E. Stevenson
25 William McKinley	1897-1901	Republican		1901'	Ohio	Garret A. Hobart
						Theodore Roosevelt
26 Theodore Roosevelt	1901-1909	Republican			New York	Charles W. Fairbanks
27 William Howard Taft	1909-1913	Republican			Ohio	James S. Sherman
28 Woodrow Wilson	1913-1921	Democratic			Va./NJ.	Thomas R. Marshall
29 Warren G. Harding	1921-1923	Republican			Ohio	Calvin Coolidge
30 Calvin Coolidge	1923-1929	Republican			Vt./Mass.	Charles G. Dawes
31 Herbert С Hoover	1929-1933	Republican			lowa/Cal.	Charles Curtis
32 Franklin D. Roosevelt	1933-1945	Democratic			New York	John N. Garner
						Henry A. Wallace
						Harry S. Truman
33 Harry S. Truman	1945-1953	Democratic			Missouri	Alben W. Barkley
34 Dwight D. Eisenhower	1953-1961	Republican			Tex./NY., Pa.	Richard M. Nixon
35 John F. Kennedy	1961-1963	Democratic			Massachusetts	Lyndon B. Johnson
36 Lyndon B. Johnson	1963-1969	Democratic			Texas	Hubert H. Humphrey
37 Richard M. Nixon	1969-1974	Republican			Ca./N.Y., Cal.	Spiro T. Agnew
						Gerald R. Ford
38 Gerald R. Ford	1974-1977	Republican			Neb. /Mich.	Nelson A. Rockefeller
39 Jimmy (James Earl) Carter	1977-1981	Democratic			Georgia	Walter F. Mondale
40 Ronald Reagan	1981-1989	Republican			Ill./Cal.	George Bush
41 George Bush	1989-	Republican			Mass./Texas	James Danforth
						Quayle

Index

abortion issue 759, 220 abundance 27 abstract expressionism 228 achievement 292 Adams, J.T. 29 aerobics 245 affirmative action 723 affluence 59 Afghanistan 776 AFL - CIO 65, 146 Age Discrimination Act 115 agribusiness 63 agriculture 50, 63, 73 Ailey, Alvin 231 air-conditioning 49 amendment to the

Constitution 222 amendment I 220 amendment II 106 amendment VIII 107 amendment XIII 112 American culture 184 American dream 18, 29,

32, 35, 217 American Independent

Party 148 American Indian

Movement 7 75 Americanization 46, 185 American Medical

Association 746 A Nation at Risk 192 antebellum South 57 anti-Communism 774, 181 anti-feminism 737 architecture 50, 87, 93 Arizona 46 arms control 762, 276 Armstrong, Louis 229 arts 225

assimilation 75, 772 Associated Press 262 Atlanta 48, 84 automation 65

balance of power 173, 774 balance of trade 273 ballet 232 Baltimore 48 baseball 245, 247, 252 basketball 246, 247, 248,

249, 252 Beacon Hill 83 Bellow, Saul 81 Bernstein, Leonard 18,

229

bilingualism 774 Bill of Rights 25, 97, 143 blacks 77, 81, 772 blues 45, 228 boarding school 777 boards of education 790

Boone, Daniel 26 Boston 48, 83, 85

boxing 247

Brezhnev, Leonid Ilyrich

Broadway 233 Brown v. Board of Education

108, 109, 113, 191 Buddhism 206, 213 budget deficit 62 Burger, Warren Earl 99 burglary 99 Bush, George 253, 762,

264, 274

business 84, 146 bussing 797

cabinet 244

cable television 265

Calder, Alexander 227,

228

California 45, 55 Capra, Frank 232 career 233

career woman 233, 236 Carnegie, Andrew 64 car racing 247 Carter, Jimmy 262, 776,

Catholic bishops 218 Catholic Church 272, 278 Catholicism 22 2, 272 Central America 276 Central Intelligence Agency

(CIA) 276

chamber of commerce 246 Chavez, Cesar 222 checks and balances 244 cheerleaders 247, 249 Chicago 25, 46, 82 Chicanos 727 child care 732, 232 children 227, 737 church 206, 272, 275 church attendance 205,

206, 212

church buildings 205 city 75, 79, 82

crime 203, 705

planning 83, 84, 87, 93 civil rights legislation 7 73 civil rights movement 7 73,

Civil War 25, 44, 49, 112 class 46, 65, 162 Cleveland 85 climate 43, 47 coaches 250 cold war 274 college 43, 48, 189, 200,

college sports 248, 251 colonialism 30 colonies 23 commercial broadcasting

262, 264

communication 67, 262 communism 274, 275 community 89 commuting 83 - competition 59, 62, 262 computer 67, 196 Confederacy 49 congregation 275 Congregationalist church

277 Congress 242, 247, 754,

764 congressional committee

743, 757 conservatism 29, 45, 59,

159 Constitution 25, 97, 142,

145, 151, 263 containment 174 convention 262 corporation 47, 64, 67, 70,

73, 93

counseling 296 country club 246 country music 45 country-western 229 courts 97, 99 crime 28, 88, 97, 99

prevention 200

rate 99 criminal 200 Crocket, Davy 26 Cuban missile crisis 275 cultural diversity 25 cultural identity 2 24 culture 225 curriculum 290

Dale, Sir Thomas 27 death penalty 200, 206 Declaration of

Independence 26, 31,

112

Decter, Midge 132 defense 262, 272, 277 de Kooning, Willem 227,

228 Democratic Party 45, 146,

148, 262, 264 democratic values 273 departments 244 Depression, Great 73, 160 desegregation 223, 292,

detente 276 deterioration 82, 83 Detroit 82, 85

Dewey, John 26 dialect, Southern 45 disabled, the 225 discipline 295, 298, 299 discrimination 15, 18, 25,

112, 115

do-it-yourselfer 27 dollar, role of 272 downtown 84 Dixie 49, 50 Dukakis, Michael 274 Duncan, Isadora 232 Dylan, Bob 232

ecology 75, 157 economic aid 273, 275 economic interests 273 Economic Opportunity Act

economic strength 272 economy 59, 160, 262, 764 editorials 263 education 2 27, 734, 788,

200, 251

educational ideal 290 educational philosophies

egalitarianism 207 Eisenhower, Dwight D.

709, 775, 274 elderly, the 7 75, 722 election campaign 48, 133,

148, 161, 162, 274 electronic church 274 Ellington, Duke 229 Emerson, Ralph Waldo 26 entertainment 55, 225, 264 entrepreneur 64, 66 Episcopal church 22 2 equality 228, 279 Equal Pay Act 728 equal rights 722 Equal Rights Act 128 Equal Rights Amendment

(ERA) 52, 130, 133 ethnic minorities 112 ethnicity 14, 15, 19, 81 European Economic

Community 64 evangelical movement 223 evangelism 223, 220 examinations 294, 297 excellence 293 executive branch 244

Falwell, Jerry 223, 220

family 232, 733, 734, 735

farmer 73

farmland 46

fast food 70

Faulkner, William 45, 50

federalism 242

INDEX 281

Federal-Communications

Commission 264 federal land 757 female-headed household

feminism 728, 133, 134 fencing 247 Ferraro, Geraldine 129 film 232, 237, 240 film director 237 film making 237, 240 film producer 237 fitness 245, 254 Fitzgerald, F. Scott 117,

119

folk music 45 football 245, 251 Ford, Gerald 263 Ford, Henry 64 foreign affairs 160 foreign investment 772 foreign policy 161, 164,

173, 179

foreign trade 272 Founding Fathers 25, 59,

112

free enterprise 59, 64 freedom 25, 59, 173, 179,

181, 216

freedom of the press 263 Friedan, Betty 228 frontier 26 Frostbelt 47 fruit picking 720 Fuller, Margaret 26 fundamentalism 734, 273 fund-raising 220

Gallup poll 252, 253 gentrification S3 Georgetown 83 Gershwin, George 229 Gibson, Kirk 247 Gillespie, "Dizzy" 229 Goetz, Bernhard 702, 705 Gold water, Barry 249 golf 247

Gorbachev, Mikhail 178 government 37, 46, 59,

742, 767, 762 Graham, Martha 237 graphic arts 227, 228 Great Depression 73, 160 Great Lakes 43, 46 growth 47 gun control 702, 705 gymnastics 247

Hammerstein, Oscar 229 handguns, registration of

handicapped, the 792 Harvard 43, 119, 251 health 724, 254 Higher Education Act 790 high school 789, 795, 797

high technology 45, 66,

67, 93

Hinduism 273 Hispanics 774 hockey 247 Holiness Church 270 Hollywood 232, 237, 240,

242, 264 homicide 99 homosexuals 775, 232 horse racing 247 House of Representatives

housing projects 704, 727 Houston 82 human rights 273 Humphrey, Hubert 752

ice hockey 247 ideals 25 ideology 749 illegal aliens 76, 27 illegal immigration 76, 27,

illiteracy 792 immigration 73, 74, 75, 76,

20, 21, 81 independence 26 Independence Day 28 Indians 74, 224, 226 individualism 26, 59 industrialization 75, 44,

50, 82

integration 797 interest groups 746 interest rates 773 intermediate-range nuclear

force (INF) 778 international affairs 270 international relations

279, 787, 782 interventionism 7 73 inventiveness 27 investment policies 272 Iran 767

Iran-Iraq War 278 isolationism 46, 173 Israel 257, 278, 220

James, William 26 jazz 45, 228

Jefferson, Thomas 26, 30 Jews 220, 22 2 job discrimination 728 jogging 245, 254 John Birch Society 272 Johns Jaspar 228 Johnson, Lyndon B. 749,

756, 775, 787, 790 Joplin, Scott 228 Judaism 270, 27 7 judge 99 judicial branch 97 jury 97 justice 97, 179, 217

Kennedy, John F. 77, 775,

793 Khrushchev, Nikita

Sergeevich 775 King, Martin Luther Jr.

773, 226

Kissinger, Henry 776, 279 Koch, Ed 29, 205 Korea 775 Ku Klux Klan 222

labor unions 47, 65, 146 law 97, 143 lawyer 96 Lebanon 2 78 legislation 742, 752, 754 liberalism 759 liberals 59 Libertarian Party 748 liberty 779

Liberty Federation 273 Lichtenstein, Roy 228 literature 43, 45 living standard 59, 132 lobby 746, 757 Los Angeles 48, 82 Lutheran church 207, 208, 211

magazines 267, 262 mainstream culture 47,

162 mainstream Protestant

churches 277 majority leader 754 manager 732 manifest destiny 55 market instability 773 marriage 727, 732, 733,

735, 736

Marshall Plan 775, 783 Massachusetts Institute of

Technology (MIT) 43 materialism 54 McCullers, Carson 45 mechanization (of farming)

63 media 38, 146, 252, 261,

266, 274 megalopolis 82 melting-pot 77, 79, 49, 81 metropolitan area 82 Mexican-American 76,

774, 720

Mid-Atlantic states 43 migrant worker 720 migration 47 military aid 775, 178 military intervention 775,

278, 787

military strength 770 Middle East 778 Midwest, the 46 minorities 78, 92, 100, 112,

120, 124, 162, 200 Miranda rule 700

Mitchell, Margaret 52 mixed media 228 mobility 28, 47 modern dance 237 Monroe, Marilyn 228 Montana 46 Moral Majority 759, 273,

moral principles 234 Mormons 45, 208, 210 motherhood 232, 232, 234 movie 232, 237, 240 movie actor 237 mugging 99 murder 99, 200, 703 museums 225 music 228 musical 78, 229

Namath, Joe 247 National Commission on

Excellence in Education

792 National Endowment for

the Arts 226 National Farmers Union

246 National Football League

(NFL) 244

national identity 77, 25, 28 nationalism 28, 38, 180 National Organization for

Women (NOW) 728 NATO 770 nature 75, 776 negro spiritual 45 neighborhood 79, 87, 88,

89

neoconservatives 759 networks 264, 267 New England 43, 53 New Mexico 46 newspapers 267, 262 news services 262 New York 79, 82 New York Times 262 Nicaragua 776 Nixon, Richard 29, 176,

264

nonviolence 723 nuclear war 779, 278 nuclear weapons 775, 776,

777, 278

O'Connor, Sandra Day

"Op"-art 228 opera 229 optimism 27 opportunity 29, 179 Oregon 45

painting 227, 228 Parker, Charlie 229 parties 746, 748, 750 patriotism 28, 30, 38

282 INDEX

peace 161, 179, 218 Peace and Freedom Party

Peachtree Center 84 Pearl Harbor 174 Pentagon Papers 264 Philadelphia 84 pioneers 26 Pittsburgh 48, 85, 93 plantation 44, 51 plays 233, 235 playwrights 233 pluralism 222 police 300, 202 political participation 245 politician 252 politics 252, 220 Pollack, Jackson 228

pollution 75

pop art 228

pop concerts 225

Populist Party 249

post-industrial age 48, 62

poverty 57, 81, 83, 91, 114

power politics 282

pragmatism 26, 28, 179

prejudice 18, 113

Presbyterian church 207, 208, 211

president 99, 144, 153, 161, 163, 164

presidential elections 244, 253, 264, 223, 220, 274

Presley, Elvis 232

press 86, 262

principles, moral 234, 279

prison 202, 224

private enterprise 26, 59, 64, 149

private schools 289

productivity 59, 60, 62, 62, 63

professional sports 248

programming 264, 269, 270, 272

progress 29, 179

Progressive Party 249

prosperity 59, 262

protectionism 273

Protestants 23, 44, 210, 222, 222

public opinion 246, 262

public schools 189, 190

public service 252

Puritans 23, 43, 53, 211

Quakers 220 quality of life 232

race relations 222, 227

racial prejudices 223

racism 227

radical churches 222

radio 264

ragtime 228

rape 88

ratings 264, 269

Rauschenberg, Robert

228, 230 Reagan, Ronald 38, 115,

159, 161, 164, 176, 213,

274

recreational parks 246 Reformed churches 222 refugees 26, 20 regional identity 43 regions of the U.S. 43 Rehabilitation Act 225 Rehnquist, William 99 religion 43, 116, 205 and politics 259, 223, 220

religious books 205 religious broadcasting

214, 220, 222 religious cults 223 religious diversity 222 religiousness 205 religious sects 223 representative 254

representative democracy 242

Republican Party 44, 146, 148, 250, 259, 264

resources 46, 157

restoration 83, 87

retirement resort 222

rights of man 280

robbery 99

Roberts, Oral 220

Robertson, Pat 223, 220

rock' n roll 229

Rodgers, Richard 229

roles 233

Roosevelt, Franklin D. 259

Roosevelt, Theodore 252

Rothko, Mark 228

ruralization 85

rural life 85

Sandinistas 2 76 San Francisco 85 Santa Fe 48 satellite TV 265 schedule 297 Schlafly, Phyllis 232 Scholastic Aptitude Test

(SAT) 294 school 288, 193, 195, 199

administration 290

attendance 288

prayer 213, 222

sports 247, 249 Schuller, Robert 224 screen writer 237 sculpture 228 segregation 223 self-defense 202, 205 self-reliance 65 Senate 242, 264 senator 255 service 225 service industries 62 sex discrimination 224,

128

Silent Majority 225 singers 242 skyscrapers 82 slavery 25, 44, 112 slaves 44 slums 82, 83 slum clearance 83 small town 85, 86. 215 Smith, Adam 59

Smith, David 228 smoking 224 soccer 247 social problems 200 social programs 249 Socialist Labor Party 248 Social Security 260, 262 social services 82, 161 Society Hill 84 Sondheim, Stephen 28,

229

South, the 44, 49, 51 Southern belle 52 Spanish language 224 speaker 254 sports 245 and society 256 and sponsors 247, 248 and the media 247, 256 and violence 247 college 248, 251 high school 297, 249 professional 248, 256 spectator 245, 247 Springsteen, Bruce 232 Stanford University 48 Statue of Liberty 30 stock market 62 Strategic Arms Limitation

Treaty 276 Strategic Arms Reduction

Talks (START) 277 Strategic Defense Initiative

(SDI) 277

street gang 227, 204 student athletes 248, 252 suburbs 82 suburbanization 82 success 64, 133 Sunbelt 47 Sun City 322 Superbowl 245 superstations 265 Supreme Court 97, 107, 108, 109, 113, 144, 191, 222, 264 suspect, rights of criminal

Swaggart, Jimmy 224, 220 swimming 246

teachers 292, 295, 297, 299 technology 45, 50, 60, 272 television 224, 220, 232,

261, 264, 266

and society 272

and moral standards 275

and politics 274

journalism 266

stations 266 tennis 246, 248 tests 292, 294, 295, 297 textbooks 290 Thanksgiving 28 theater 225, 233, 235 theft 99

Third World countries 273 Thoreau, Henry David 26 Tharp, Twyla 232 tournaments 249 track 247

trade 60, 172 trade deficit 173 transcendentalists 26 transportation 83 Truman, Harry S. 108,175

Union, the 49

United Press International

(UPI) 262 universities 43, 48, 200,

251 University of North

Carolina 48 University of Texas 48 urbanization 50, 81 urban renewal 83, 84, 85,

87, 93 Utah 45

values 25, 54, 55, 132, 133,

134, 161

vice president 244, 263 vigilantism 202, 205 Vietnam War 25. 29, 36,

38, 73, 175, 181, 182, 193,

264

video 265 viewing time 269 violence 45, 99, 103, 113,

265

volleyball 247, 249 volunteerism 27 voter registration 252

war 228

war technology 277

Warhol, Andy 227, 228

Warren, Robert Penn 45

water 46

Watergate 29, 264

War of Independence 31

Warsaw Pact 274

Washington, D.C. 46, 83

Washington Post 264

welfare 262

West, the 27, 45

White Anglo-Saxon Protestant

(WASP) 23, 222 White House 252, 264 Whitman, Walt 26 wildlife 257 winning 36, 248 Wolfe, Thomas 45 women 227 Women's Liberation 52 Wonder, Stevie 232 worker participation 65 World War I 273 World War II 274 wrestling 247

Yankee 50, 53 yuppies 36, 65

Acknowledgments

We are grateful to the following for permission to reproduce copyright material:

American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research for an extract from an article by V A Sackett & К Н Keene in Public Opinion (Feb/March 1986) & an extract from an article by В Stein in Public Opinion (Nov/Dec 1986); Association of American Geographers for an article by J F Hart in Annals of Association of American Geographers, 62, No2 (June 1972); Richard С Burke, Professor of Telecommunications at Indiana State University, for a transcript of his talk "The Nature of TV in America" (University of Indiana 24.4.86); Campbell Connelly & Co Ltd for the words of the song "America" by Stephen Sondheim in West Side Story words by Stephen Sondheim, music by Leonard Bernstein. Copyright (c) 1957 (renewed) Leonard Bernstein & Stephen Sondheim, Jalni Publications, Inc, US & Canadian Publisher С Cohimor, Inc, worldwide print rights & publisher rest of world Campbell Connelly & Co Ltd. All rights reserved; Close up Foundation for extracts from articles in Current Issues (1986), copyright 1985 Close Up Foundation, the articles "American Israel Public Affairs Committee" and "The Wilderness Society", an extract from the article "How A Case Reaches the Supreme Court", the abridged articles "Thoughts on the Supreme Court", "Perspective of a Public Man" & "The Human Side of Congress" in Pespectives, copyright 1985 Close Up Foundation; Joan Daves for an extract from "I Have A Dream" speech by Martin Luther King, Jr. Copyright © 1963 by Martin Luther King Junior; Dow Jones & Co, Inc for extracts from American Character: Views of America from the Wall Street Journal edited by Donald Moffit, © Dow Jones & Co, Inc 1983; the Administrative Manager on behalf of the author, Jerry Falwell for an abridged extract from a Moral Majority publication; Fortune magazine for the articles "Pittsburge" by Alicia Hills Moore in Fortune (6.2.84) & "The New Look From America's Top Lab" by Gene Bylinsky in Fortune (1.2.88); Hodder & Stoughton Ltd & Pantheon Books, a Division of Random House, Inc for extracts from American Dreams: Lost & Found by Studs Terkel. Copyright © 1980 by Studs Terkel; Martin, Seeker & Warburg Ltd & Random House, Inc for an extract from Sports in America: Colleges & Universities by James Michener. US copyright © 1976 by Random House, Inc; MS Foundation for Education & Communication, Inc for an abridged article by Amanda Spake in MS (Nov 1984); National Endowment for the Humanities for an article by Diane Ravitch in Humanities Vol 3 No5 (Nov 1982); National Journal for the article "Hand Gun Control" in National Journal (31.6.86). Copyright 1986 by National Journal, Inc; The New Republic, Inc for an extract from a review of "The Color Purple" by Stanley Kauffmann in The New Republic (27.1.86), © 1986, The New Republic, Inc; New York Magazine for the an extract from the article "Second Thoughts On Having It AH" by Tony Schwartz in New York (15.7.85); The New York Times Company for the articles "The American Idea" by Theodore H White (magazine, 6.7.86), "Children of Poverty — Crisis in New York" by Andrew Stein (magazine, 8.6.86), "About Men: A Brother's Murder" by Brent Staples (magazine, 30.3.86) & "About Men: Lousy at Sports" by Mark Goodson (magazine, 11.5.86). Copyright © 1986 by the New York Times Company; The New Yorker Magazine, Inc for a drawing by Geo. Price in The New Yorker (12.8.85), © 1985 The New Yorker Magazine, Inc; Newsweek, Inc for the articles "Immigration Today: A Case Study of Savuth Sath" in Newsweek (14.7.88), "Brothers" by Sylvester Monroe in Newsweek (23.5.87) & "Running for Your Life" by Matt Clark Newsweek (17.5.86), © Newsweek, Inc; Harold Ober

Associates, Inc for extracts from Special Places by Berton Roueche, first published in The New Yorker. Copyright © 1982 by Berton Roueche; The Observer for an abridged article by Peter Black in The Observer (17.5.81), copyright The Observer 1981; Omni Publications International Ltd & Penthouse International Ltd for the article "The Role of the Media, International Communication Agency, USA" by Eric Sevareid in Saturday Review, © 1976 by Saturday Review/ World, Inc; Oxford University Press for an abridged extract from The Oxford Companion to Sports & Games edited by John Arlott (pub 1975), © Oxford University Press 1975; The Progressive, Inc for the article "Put Out No Flags" by Matthew Rothschild in The Progressive (July 1986), copyright © 1986, The Progressive, Inc; Random House, Inc for an extract from A Raisin in the Sun by Lorraine Hansberry. Copyright © 1958 by Robert Nemiroff, as an unpublished work. Copyright © 1959, 1966, 1984 by Robert Nemiroff; Republicans Abroad (UK) on behalf of the Republican National Committee for the Reagan/Bush 1984 Campaign Leaflet; Simon & Schuster, Inc for an extract from Mayor by Edward I Koch. Copyright © 1984 by Edward I Koch; Society for the Advancement of Education for the articles "Arming Citizens to Fight Crime" by Frank Borzellieri in USA Today (luly 1985), "Breaking New Ground on War & Peace" by Paul Bock in USA Today (Nov 1983), "The Death Penalty: Legal Cruelty?" by Donald В Walker in USA Today (Nov 1983) & an abridged article "Economics vs. Ecology" by Robert W Haseltine in USA Today (Jan 1986), copyright by the Society for the Advancement of Education; Sojourners for the article "The Forgotten Farmer: The Crisis in American Agriculture" by Danny Collum in Sojourners (16.10.86); Time, Inc for the articles "America & The World: Principle & Pragmatism" by Henry Kissinger in Time (27.12.76), "The Chairman & The Boss" by Jay Cocks in Time (16.6.86), "The Likability Sweepstakes" by Richard Stengel in Time (24.10.88), the abridged articles "Where There's Smoke" by Otto Friedrich in Time (23.2.87) & "Power, Glory.. & Politics" by Richard N Ostling in Time,(17.2M). Copyright Time Inc; US News & World Report for extracts from the articles "What Makes A Great School Great" by Lucia Solorzano in US News & World Report (27.8.84), "How New Entrepreneurs are Changing US Business" by Peter Drucker in US News & World Report (26.3.84) & an abridged article "If Conservatives Cannot Do It Now" by Irving Kristol in US News & World Report (20.7.81). Copyright US News & World Report; United States Information Agency for extracts from "Toward a National Theater" by Howard Stein in Dialogue Vol 70, No4 (1985); United States Information Service for extracts from Outline of Amercian Government; the author, Beverly Walker for an abridged version of her article "An Interview With Jack Nicholson" in Film Comment Qune 1985), © Beverly Walker 1985; The Washington Post Writers Group for an abridged article "Americans Vote for Divided Government" by David S Broder in The Washington Post, (c) 1988, Washington Post Writers Group; Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars for abridged extracts from the articles "The Cooling of the South" by R Arsenault in Wilson Quarterly (Summer 1984), copyright 1984 by the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars & "Universities in Transition" by David Riesman in Dialogue Vol 12, Nol (1979), copyright 1979 by the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars.

We have been unable to trace the copyright holder in the poems "I am the Redman" & "My Lodge" by Duke Redbird & would appreciate any information that would enable us to do so.

We are grateful to the following for permission to reproduce copyright photographs:

Ace Photo Agency/Gabe Palmer for page 200; Action Plus London for page 246; Reproduced from a sign by ASH (Action on Smoking and Health) for pages 124 (lower middle) and 124 (top); All-Sport Photographic Ltd for page 251; American Automobile Association for page 98; Reprinted with permission of American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research for pages 140, 184 and 275; Courtesy of American Lung Association for page 124 (upper middle); The New Yorker Cartoon Album, 1975-1985 Third Edition, 1986 Andre Deutsch Ltd for pages 61 (bottom), 138, 255 and 265; Annenburg School of Communications, University of Pennsylvania for Page 214; Art Directors Photo Library for page 30; Bart Bartholomew for page 195 (bottom); Bettman Newsphotos/Reuters for page 218 /UPI for page 274; Bilderberg/Wolfgang Volz for page 67; The Bridgeman Art Library/The Collection of Mr & Mrs Graham Gund Agent: Art Resources Inc. for page 227; The Bridgeman Art Library for page_230; Camera Press Ltd for pages 91, 191, 220 and 227 (bottom); The J. Allan Cash Photolibrary for page 263; Colorific/1984 Phil Huber for page 23 (left), /1981 Michael Montfort for page 31, /Louis Y s\\\o-y os tot pa^e %, 1 (g) ^acoyvies \Л. С>\\ет\е\, \^ ooAivt\ Сате^ & Assoc. All Rights Reserved for page 118, /Matthew McVay for page 124 (bottom), /Mary Fisher for page 152, /John Nordell/JB for page 155, /Gian Franco Gorgoni for page 230 (bottom), /1985 Barbara Kinney for page 242 (top) and /John Moss for page 254; The Connecticut Mutual Life Report on American Values in the 80's; The Impact of Belief for page 223 (left); Zoe Dominic for page 231; Gudrun Fiedler for page 84; The Gallup Poll for page 223 (right), Susan Griggs for page 123; The Herald Telephone for pages 270 and 271; Kevin Horan for pages 195 (top) and 196; From the 1988 INFORMATION PLEASE ALMANAC. Copyright © 1987 by Horghton Mifflin Company. Reprinted by permission of Horghton Mifflin Company for page 101; Hulton/The Keystone Collection for page 116, /UPI/Bettmann Newsphotos for pages 181 and 216; Robert Hunt Library for page 215; The Image Bank for pages 54 and 93; Images Colour Library Ltd for page 226; The Kobal Collection for pages 230 (top right), 238 and 241; Joe Liesen for page 197; The Mansell Collection Ltd for page 23 (right); © American Government: Principals & Practice, 1983, Merrill Publishing Company. Reprinted by Permission of the Publisher for pages 147, 148, 150 and 151; Copyright Ms Magazine 1988 for page 133; National Women's Political Carcus for page 129 (bottom); Drawing by Geo Price; © 1985 The New Yorker Magazine, Inc for page 126; Peter Newark's Western Americana for page 49; THE WORLD ALMANAC & BOOK OF FACTS, 1988 Edition, Copyright © Newspaper Enterprise Association, Inc. 1987, New York, NY 10166 for pages 206-207, 208-209 and 262; Newsweek/Arms Control Association for page 177; Wayne Stayskal/From Best Editorial Cartoons for The Year 1983 Edition, Pelican Publishing Company, Inc. for page 72; Best Editorial Cartoons of the Year 1983 Edition, Pelican Publishing Company, Inc. for page 102; Picturepoint Ltd for page 253; Popperfoto/UPI for page 105; Popperfoto for page 267; From INSIDE AMERICA, by Louis Harris. Copyright © 1987 by Louis Harris. Reprinted by permission of Random House, Inc. for page 149; Rex Features Ltd for pages 75 and 154; Francine Blau, Women In the Labor Market Copyright 1985. Reprinted by Permission of Sage Publications, Inc. for page 130; MAYOR, copyright © 1984 by Edward I. Koch. Reprinted by Permission of Simon & Schuster, Inc. Photos by Longman Photo Unit for page 19; 198 Martha Shope for pages 235 (left), 235 (top right), 235 (bottom right), 236 (left)

and 236 (right); Douglas Smith for page 256; Social Science Education Consortium, Inc. for page 145; Society for The Advancement of Education, USA Today, July 198^ for page 74; Frank Spooner Pictures for pages 51, 179 and 242 (bottom); John Spragens Jr. for page 73; Tony Stone Photo Library for pages 35 and 96; Topham Picture Library for page 20; AUTH COPYRIGHT 1988 Philadelphia Inquirer. Reprinted with Permission of University Press Syndicate. All rights reserved for pages 165 and 222; 1961 United Artists Pictures Corp. All Rights Reserved. National Film Archive for page 18; Reproduced by Permission of United Feature Syndicate, Inc. for page 40; U.S. Bureau of the Census for pages 135 (top), 135 (middle) and 135 (bottom); U.S. Department of Defense for page 170; U.S. Immigration & Naturalization Service for page 17; Copyright, 1984, U.S. News & World Report for page 199; Eric Velasquez for page 103; Virginia State Library & Archives for page 87; Vision International/J.F. Gerard for page 250; Zefa for page 38.

We have been unable to trace the copyright holders of the photographs on pages 47, 60 (top), 60 (bottom), 61 (top), 62, 63, 64, 129 (top), 161, 171 (top), 171 (bottom), 172 (top), 172 (bottom), 189, 210 and would be grateful for any information to enable us to do so.

Picture Research by Ann Hazelwood.

Cover photographs by The Telegraph Colour Library Ltd.

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