Text-based assignments

COMPUTER SCIENCE

(Part II)

Составитель: Стрелкова Т.Г.

Северодвинск

УДК 4И (Англ) (075.8)

ББК 81.2 АНГЛ-923

Т.Г.СТРЕЛКОВА. COMPUTER SCIENCE (Part II) – Северодвинск: РИО ИСМАРТ, 2013г. – 50 с.

Ответственный редактор: - доцент, заведующая кафедрой иностранных языков

Л.В. Мельникова

Рецензенты: - Старший преподаватель кафедры иностранных языков ИСМАРТ

Н.В.Туманова

- Доцент кафедры гуманитарных и естественнонаучных дисциплин

Международного института управления Г.А.Баскакова

Учебное пособие для практических занятий «COMPUTER SCIENCE (Part II)» представляет собой сборник профессионально-ориентированных текстов и лексико-грамматических упражнений, предназначенных для развития навыков чтения, письма, перевода и общения на английском языке (на материале профессиональной лексики) у студентов, обучающихся по направлению подготовки 230100 «Информатика и вычислительная техника». Пособие может также использоваться для направления 220201 «Информатика и управление в технических системах», а также всеми, кто имеет базовые знания английского языка и интересуется компьютерами.

Печатается по решению редакционно-издательского совета ИСМАРТ.

ISBN © ИСМАРТ, 2013

ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ

Настоящее учебное пособие по английскому языку «COMPUTER SCIENCE (Part II)» представляет собой сборник текстов и упражнений для студентов 1 курса, 2 семестра по направлению подготовки 230100 «Информатика и вычислительная техника». Пособие ориентировано на овладение терминологическим минимумом и включает материал на английском языке, охватывающий основные разделы подготовки специалиста в области информатики и вычислительной техники: операционные системы, графический интерфейс пользователя, текстовые процессоры, базы данных, графическое ПО, мультимедиа, веб-дизайн, языки программирования, специалисты в области компьютерных технологий.

Пособие содержит тексты по вышеперечисленным темам, задания на запоминание и применение лексического материала, тексты для дополнительного чтения, задания на развитие устной и письменной речи, а также упражнения на активизацию грамматики.

Цель пособия - развитие навыков чтения, письма, перевода и общения на английском языке (на материале профессиональной лексики).

Пособие может также использоваться для направления 220201 «Информатика и управление в технических системах», а также всеми, кто имеет базовые знания английского языка и интересуется компьютерами.

Пособие соответствует требованиям Государственного образовательного стандарта высшего профессионального образования.

Содержание

TEXT 1. Operating Systems …………….………………………5

TEXT 2. The Graphical User Interface.…………………………9

TEXT 3. Word Processing Features.…………………………… 12

TEXT 4. Databases ……………………………………………… 17

TEXT 5. Types of Graphics Software ……………………………19

TEXT 6. Multimedia ……………………………………………. 23

TEXT 7. Web Design ……………………………………………..26

TEXT 8. Virtual Reality……………………………………………28

TEXT 9. Programs and Programming Languages.………………35

TEXT 10. Jobs in Computing ……..……………………………….40

Texts for additional reading …………..……………………………45

Appendix ……………………………………………………………49

Литература ………………………………………………………….50

Text 1. Operating Systems

An operating system is a master control program which controls the functions of the computer system as a whole and the running of application programs. All computers do not use the same operating systems. It is therefore important to assess the operating system used on a particular model before initial commitment because some software is only designed to run under the control of specific operating systems.

The most popular operating systems are:

• MS-DOS. This operating system was developed by Microsoft in 1981 for all IBM PC compatibles. Today it’s only used in old PCs. In this text-based OS you communicate with the computer by typing commands that exist within its library. For example, some basic DOS commands include: DIR (shows a list of all the files in a directory), COPY (makes a duplicate of a file), DEL (deletes files).

• Windows. Most home PCs use Windows. Here are the most recent versions:

- With Windows 98 Internet access becomes part of the user interface. Its active desktop lets you find information easily with the same view of content on your PC, network or the Web. The system includes Outlook Express for e-mail, NetMeeting conferencing software, a chat program and a Web-page editor. It offers advancements such as USB and multimedia extensions.

- Windows 2000 is built upon the Windows NT architecture and designed for business uses.

- Windows Millennium is designed for home use. It includes new system safeguards and support for DVD, music players and mobile computers.

- Windows XP is an update to all Windows versions, with a new visual design. It’s more secure and reliable. It offers support for the latest technologies.

- Windows Mobile - used on most PDAs and smart phones (PDAs which incorporate mobile phones).

• Pocket PC (Microsoft). This OS is developed for handheld computers (or palmtops) that use a stylus or a small keyboard for input.

•Mac OS. The Mac OS combines the elegance of Macintosh and the power of UNIX. Large parts of the Mac OS are inside the System file and the Finder which is kept in the system folder. The content of the System file is loaded automatically at start-up, and contains information which modifies the routines of the OS in the ROM chips. The Finder displays the Macintosh’s desktop and enables the user to work with disks, programs and files. With the new Mac OS, you can create CDs and record DVDs. It also offers Internet capabilities, support for Java and Airport technology for wireless connections.

• OS/2 Warp (IBM). This is the PC world’s most technically sophisticated operating system. It provides true multi-tasking, allowing a program to be divided into ‘threads’, many of which can run at the same time. Thus, not only can numerous programs run simultaneously, but one program can perform numerous tasks at the same time. The IBM OS/2 Warp includes easy access to networks via modem, support for Java applications, and voice recognition technology.

• UNIX. This OS, designed by Bell Laboratories for minicomputers and workstations, has been widely adopted by many corporate installations. From the very first, it was designed to be a multi-tasking system. It is written in C language. It has become an operating environment for software development, available for any type of machine, from IBM PCs to Cray supercomputers. UNIX is the most commonly used system for advanced CAD programs.

• Linux (Linus Torvalds). Protected under the GNU General Public Licence, Linux is the open source, cooperatively developed by POSIX-based, multi-tasking operating system. Linux is used as a high value, fully-functional UNIX workstation for applications ranging from Internet Servers to reliable work group computing. Linux is available for Intel, Alpha and Sun SPARC platforms.

• Solaris. This is a Unix-based operating system developed by Sun Microsystems. Originally designed to run on Spark workstations, today Solaris also runs on many Pentium servers. It supports multi-processing – many CPUs and processors on a single system. It includes Java technology, which allows Web pages to display animation, play music and interact with information.

• RIM – used on Blackberry communication devices; developed by Research in Motion.

• the Symbian OS – used by some phone makers, including Nokia and Siemens.

An operating system is stored on disk and has to be booted into the internal memory (RAM) where it must reside throughout processing so that commands are instantly available. The operating system commands may exceed the internal memory capacity of the computer in which case only that portion of the OS, which is frequently used, is retained internally, and other modules are read in from disk as required.

Study the following words and expressions:

1) to assess – выбирать, анализировать, оценивать 2) to exist – существовать 3) active desktop – «активный рабочий стол» (возможность показа элементов интернет-страниц на рабочем столе ПК) 4) advancement – улучшение 5) multimedia extension- расширение для мультимедиа 6) safeguard – защита 7) Finder – “проводник”, ‘искатель” (основная программа MacOS, которая обеспечивает взаимодействие пользователя с системой и предоставляет пользователю средства доступа к ресурсам компьютера) 8) routine – программа; обычный 9) to enable – давать возможность, позволять 10) sophisticated – сложный

11) multitasking – многозадачность, многозадачный режим 12) thread – поток 13) simultaneously – одновременно 14) advanced – передовой, прогрессивный 15) CAD (Computer-Aided Design) – компьютерное проектирование 16) GNU Public License – открытое лицензионное соглашение GNU, универсальная общественная лицензия GNU (лицензия на свободное программное обеспечение, созданная в рамках проекта GNU в 1988 году) 17) open – общедоступный, бесплатный 18)ranging from … to… - от … до … 19) to reside – находиться 20) capacity – емкость, объем 21) to retain - сохранять 22) dumping – вывод на печать

TEXT-BASED ASSIGNMENTS

I. Here is a list of typical tasks performed by an operating system. In each case the main verb has been omitted. Fill in the blanks from the words given. Sometimes more than one may apply.

execute, monitor, format, diagnose

A typical operating system will: 1. … input and output devices. 2. … the status of hardware devices. 3. … hardware interrupts. 4. … new disks. 5. … disk directories. 6. … disk reading and writing operations. 7. … disk errors. 8. … disk commands relating to the deletion, copying, renaming, and dumping of files.

II. Find in the text above:

1) the text-based operating system used in older PCs; 2) the most secure and reliable version of the Windows family; 3) the OS designed for handheld computers; 4) the function of the Finder in Macintosh computers; 5) the meaning of ‘multi-tasking’; 6) the OS written in C language and used on minicomputers and workstations; 7) the OS that is freely redistributable under the GNU general public license; 8) the OS originally developed to run on SPARC workstations.

III. Choose the best word to complete the sentences:

1. Software which is easy to use is (user-easy/ user-friendly/usable). 2. Software which is obvious to use is (intuitive/guessable/comprehensible). 3. Software which is not obvious to use is (counter-intuitive/ unintuitive/nonintuitive). 4. Software for use by students and institutes is (learning/teaching/educational). 5. Software for use by businesses is (commercial/businesslike/ busy). 6. Software made specially for one company is (one-off/unique/tailor-made). 7. Software for use at home is (for home use/for house use/for household use). 8. Software which has been illegally copied is (unreal/pirated/fake). 9. Software which has been bought from the company that produced it is (real/justified/licensed).

IV. Match the type of software with the definition:

1) trial version 2) shareware   3) freeware 4) home-use version     5) professional version

a) a simplified version which is cheaper to buy. b) software which is in the public domain. Anybody can use it without paying. c) the full version with all the features. d) You can try it for a while for free. Then if you want to keep using it, you are expected to pay a small fee to the writer. e) You can use it for free for a while (often a month). When the trial period finishes, you have to pay, or the program will de-activate.

V. Render the following sentences from Russian into English:

1. Операционная система компьютера представляет собой комплекс взаимосвязанных программ, который действует как интерфейс между приложениями и пользователями с одной стороны, и аппаратурой компьютера с другой стороны.

2. Операционная система (ОС) управляет компьютером, запускает программы, обеспечивает защиту данных, выполняет различные сервисные функции по запросам пользователя и программ.

3. Каждая программа пользуется услугами ОС, а потому может работать только под управлением той ОС, которая обеспечивает для нее услуги.

4. Таким образом, выбор ОС очень важен, так как он определяет, с какими программами Вы сможете работать на своем компьютере.

5. От выбора ОС зависит производительность Вашей работы, степень защиты данных, необходимые аппаратные средства и т.д.

6. Однако, выбор операционной системы также зависит от технических характеристик (конфигурации) компьютера.

7. Чем более современная операционная система, тем больше возможностей она предоставляет.

GRAMMAR REVISION

I. Translate from English into Russian.

1) he was told; 2) she was asked; 3) we were invited; 4) they were given; 5) I was helped; 6) you were asked; 7) she was called; 8) he was shown; 9) we were taken; 10) I was answered; 11) she was forgotten; 12) I was forgiven; 13) he was answered; 14) I was forgotten; 15) he was saved; 16) we were found; 17) they were forgiven; 18) you were saved; 19) we were forgiven

II. Translate from English into Russian:

1. This company should produce ergonomic keyboards. 2. This ergonomic keyboard should be produced in plenty. 3. You should always take care of your computer security. 4. The computer security should be always taken care of. 5. When the ink runs out, you must change the cartridge. 6. The following file should be deleted. 7. You can always rely on him. 8. My watch is fast, it cannot be relied upon. 9. If there is a problem with the print quality, perhaps, the print-heads must be cleaned. 10. Can your printer do double-sized printing? 11. I cannot make fun of her. 12. She cannot be made fun of. 13. You can print images directly from a camera. 14. The images can be viewed on a TV set. 15. Multi-function printers can work as a scanner, a fax and a photocopier as well as a printer. 16. This document need not be retyped.

III. Translate the following sentences into Russian. State the tense aspect.

1. I am always found fault with. 2. Children are well taken care of. 3. Why was he laughed at? 4. The conference on computer security was attended by thousands of people. 5. These e-books are published by a local company. 6. The e-mail with this attachment will be sent a bit later. 7. The IT consultant was listened to with great interest. 8. The resulting photographs were enjoyed by everybody. 9. The lecture on new types of malware was followed by a heated discussion. 10. When was the laser printer sent for? 11. I want to have some handbooks on this type of software, which can be relied on. 12. A Unix-based operating system was developed by Sun Microsystems. 13. An operating system is stored on disk and has to be booted into the internal memory (RAM) where it must reside throughout processing. 14. This OS has been developed for handheld computers. 15. UNIX was designed as a multi-tasking system.

IV. Open the brackets using the verbs in the correct forms (Present Simple–Present Continuous - Active or Passive).

1. Many people (to have) an opportunity to use computers. 2. A dot-matrix printer (to use) a group of pins to create precise dots. 3. The Num Lock key (to use) to switch from numbers to editing functions. 4. The resolution of this scanner (to measure) in dpi. 5. What you (to do)? – I (to scan) page No5. And then I (to go) to scan page No 8. 6. Enter key (to press) to select options from a menu or to start a new paragraph. 7. Don’t enter the room. A student (to examine) there. 8. How you (to pronounce) the word ‘keyboard’? Repeat, please. 9. How the word ‘keyboard’ (to pronounce)? 10. Computer breakdown often (to cause) by computer viruses. 11. I (not to like) him. He always (to open) unauthorized files and then our computer (not to work). 12. How you (to call) these printers? - These printers (to term) multi-functional.

V. Open the brackets using the verbs in the correct forms (Past Simple - Past Continuous - Active or Passive).

1. Scientists (to design) this portable computer many years ago. 2. What you (to do) at 3 yesterday? – I (to chat) with my friends via the Internet. 3. Barcode scanners (to design) to read barcodes on the products sold in shops some years ago. 4. Why that photograph (to laugh) at? 5. The hackers (to steal) a lot of money from his credit card a week ago. 6. When the computer mouse (to invent)? 7. Who the computer mouse (to invent) by? 8. Who (to invent) the computer mouse? 9. When we (to come) home, John (to surf) the net. 10. Our files (to restore) a week ago. 11. Who (to develop) the concept of microelectronics? 12. Who the concept of microelectronics (to develop) by? 13. The ordinary computer mouse (to follow) by an optical one. 14. MS-DOS (to develop) by Microsoft in 1981 for all IBM PC compatibles

TEXT 2. The Graphical User Interface.

The term user interface refers to the standard procedures that the user follows in order to interact with a computer. In the late 1970s and early 80s, the way users accessed computer systems was very complex. They had to memorize and type a lot of commands just to see the contents of a disk, to copy files or to respond to a single prompt. In fact, it was only experts who used computers, so there was no need for a user-friendly interface.

In 1984 Apple produced the Macintosh, the first computer with a mouse and a graphical user interface (GUI). Macs were designed with one clear aim: to facilitate interaction with the computer. A few years later, Microsoft launched Windows, another operating system based on graphics and intuitive tools. Nowadays, computers are used by all kinds of people, and as a result there is a growing emphasis on accessibility and user-friendly systems.

A good user interface is important because when you buy a program you want to use it easily. Moreover, a graphical user interface saves a lot of time: you don’t need to memorize commands in order to execute an application; you only have to point and click so that its content appears on the screen.

A GUI makes use of a WIMP environment: w indows, i cons, m enus and p ointer. The background of the screen is called the desktop which contains labeled pictures called icons. These icons represent files or folders. Double-clicking a folder opens a window which contains programs, documents, or more nested folders. When you are in a folder, you can launch a program or document by double-clicking the icon, or you can drag it to another location. When you run a program, your PC opens a window that lets you work with different tools. All the programs have a high level of consistency, with similar toolbars, menu bars, buttons and dialog boxes. A modern OS also provides access to networks and allows multitasking, which means you can run several programs – and do various tasks – at the same time.

Today the most innovative operating systems are the Macintosh, Microsoft Windows (the most recent version is Windows Vista), Unix, Linux, Windows Mobile (used on most PDAs and smartphones), Palm OS (used on Palm handheld devices), RIM (used on Blackberry communication devices. Developed by Research in Motion), the Symbian OS (used by some phone makers including Nokia and Siemens). These computer platforms differ in areas such as device installation, network connectivity or compatibility with application software.

Study the following words and expressions:

1) in order to – для того, чтобы 2) to memorize - запоминать 3) user-friendly – удобный для пользователя 4) to facilitate – способствовать, облегчать 5) to execute – выполнять 6) intuitive [in'tјu:itiv] – удобный в использовании, интуитивно- понятный 7) labeled – маркированный, помеченный; с ярлыком

8) to launch – выпускать, запускать (приложение) 9) nested – уплотненный, вложенный, родственный 10) application – приложение, прикладная программа; применение 11) consistency – последовательность, логичность 12) feature – черта, параметр, характеристика 13) compatible - совместимый 14) compatibility – совместимость

TEXT-BASED ASSIGNMENTS

I. Match the descriptions on the left with these famous applications:

1) word processor 2) spreadsheet 3) virus protection 4) browser 5) image editor 6) media player 7) email software 8) presentation software 9) graphic design software

a) Adobe Photoshop b) Internet Explorer c) Microsoft Word d) Microsoft Excel e) Microsoft PowerPoint f) Norton Antivirus g) Outlook Express h) Adobe PageMaker i) RealPlayer

II. Choose the best word to complete the sentences:

1. Turn on your computer. It will usually take a few minutes to (boot itself/boot up/get booted). 2. Windows XP, Macintosh OSX and Linux are (operating tools/ operators/ operating systems). 3. On my computer, I have a picture of my cat as the (desktop background/desktop picture/desktop scene). 4. Microsoft Word, Adobe Acrobat and CorelDraw are programs or (applicators/appliers/applications). 5. To open Microsoft Word, click on the (picture/symbol/icon). 6. I keep all my digital photos in a (folder/packet/box) called “Photos”. 7. Is it possible to open Microsoft excel (texts/files/pages) in Word? 8. In Microsoft Word to start typing a new letter, open a new (document/page/paper). 9. When you (destroy/erase/delete) a document, it’s sent to the Recycle Bin. 10. Deleted documents stay in the Recycle Bin until you (wash/empty/clean) it. 11. In Windows, the icon is just a (connector/shortcut/link) to the application. If you delete the icon, the application will still be on your computer. 12. If the computer crashes, you can try pressing the (restart/recommence/replay) button. 13. When I’ve finished using my computer, I always (close it down/shut it down/shut it off). 14. If I leave my computer on without using it, after a while it goes into (stand down/waiting/standby) mode.

III. Render the following sentences from Russian into English:

1. Графический интерфейс пользователя (ГИП) – компьютерная программа, которая помогает пользователю работать с компьютером посредством простых символов.

2. В первых персональных компьютерах использовались операционные системы (программы, осуществляющие накопление данных в компьютере и работу всех программ), которые были основаны на текстах.

3. Команды представляли собой непонятную комбинацию букв и цифр, что затрудняло использование системы для непосвященных.

4. Графический интерфейс пользователя заменил эти команды на экране символами, которые называются пиктограммами или графическими символами.

5. Пользователь манипулирует ими при помощи указателей на экране, которые управляются с помощью «мышки».

6. Другая важная черта ГИП это меню, которые подают команды и открывают окна в программах.

7. ГИП сделал возможным перенос файлов и программ, открываемых простым движением пальцев рук.

8. Первый ГИП был изобретен фирмой «Ксерокс» в 1970 г.

9. В настоящее время самый распространенный ГИП – это операционная система Microsoft Windows, хотя ей предшествовала операционная система фирмы Macintosh, созданная для компьютеров Apple.

GRAMMAR REVISION

I. Open the brackets using the verbs in the correct forms (Future Simple– Future Continuous. Present Simple - Active or Passive).

1. She (to retouch) the photos on her computer tomorrow. 2. This photo (to retouch) on the computer. 3. - I (to be) absent tomorrow. – Don’t worry! The child (to take) care of. 4. If we (to tell) her the truth about the computer crash, she (to get) upset. 5. If she (to tell) the truth about the computer crash, she (to get) upset. 6. If we (not to tell) her the truth, she (not to know) about the computer breakdown. 7. If she (not to tell) the truth, she (not to know) about the computer crash. 8. What he (to do) at 3 p.m. tomorrow? – He (to surf) the Net.

II. Open the brackets using the verbs in the correct forms (Present, Past, Future Perfect. Past Simple - Active or Passive).

1. We (not to buy) the plasma display yet. 2. The plasma display (to buy) already. 3. We (to install) the antivirus program by 3 o’clock tomorrow. 4. The test on the computer viruses (to carry) out by 3 o’clock yesterday. 5. That Trojan program (to download) a malicious code on our computer. 6. After the virus (to install), the computer (to stop) working. 7. We (to agree) on these matters long before we (to choose) the field of our joint investigations. 8. After I (to receive) that unauthorized e-mail, my computer (to break) down. 9. New types of portable computers (to develop) quite recently.

III. Open the brackets using the verbs in the correct forms. Use Past Tenses (Active or Passive).

1. He (to say) that Jane (to print) out her report already. 2. He (to say) that the report (to print) out already. 3. I (to tell) that he still (to write) the test. 4. I (to tell) that the test still (to write). 5. I (to tell) that he (to write) the test already. 6. I (to tell) that the test (to write) already. 7. She (to ask) why she (to make) fun of? 8. She (to ask) why they (to make) fun of her? 9. She (to tell) that the computer still (to repair). 10. She (to tell) that the computer (not to repair) yet. 11. He (to tell) that the e-mail with that attachment (to receive) already. 12. He (to tell) that his old-fashioned camera much (to laugh) at. 13. I (to tell) that he (to appoint) the IT manager of that company. 14. I (to ask) why he (to send) to the conference on computer security. 15. We (to wonder) if the back-up copy (to make) already.

TEXT 3. Word Processing Features.

Writing letters, memos or reports are the ways most people use computers. They manipulate words and text on a screen – primarily to print at some later time and store for safe keeping. Computers alleviate much of the tedium associated with typing, proofing and manipulating words. Because computers can store and recall information so readily, documents need not be retyped from scratch just to make corrections or changes. The real strength of word processing lies in this ability to store, retrieve and change information. Typing is still necessary (at least, for now) to put the information into the computer initially, but once in, the need to retype only applies to new information. Words processing is more than just typing, however. Features such Search and Replace allow users to find a particular phrase or word no matter where it is in the body of a text. This becomes more useful as the amount of text grows.

Word processors usually include different ways to view the text. Some include a view that displays the text with editor’s marks that show hidden characters or commands (spaces, returns, paragraph endings, applied styles, etc.) Many word processors include the ability to show exactly how the text will appear on paper when printed. This is called WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get, pronounced ‘wizzy-wig’). WYSIWYG shows bold, italic, underline and other type style characteristics on the screen so that the user can clearly see what he or she is typing. Another feature is the correct display of different typefaces and format characteristics (margins, indents, super- and sub-scripted characters, etc.). This allows the user to plan the document more accurately and reduces the frustration of printing something that doesn’t look right. Many word processors now have so many features that they approach the capabilities of layout applications for desktop publishing. They can import graphics, format multiple columns of text, run text around graphics etc.

Two important features offered by word processors are automatic hyphenation and mail merging. Automatic hyphenation is the splitting of a word between two lines so that the text will fit better on the page. The word processor constantly monitors words typed and when it reaches the end of a line, if a word is too long to fit, it checks that word in a hyphenation dictionary. This dictionary contains a list of words with the preferred places to split it. If one of these cases fits part of the word at the end of the line, the word processor splits the word, adds a hyphen at the end and places the rest on the next line. This happens extremely fast and gives text a more polished and professional look. Mail merge applications are largely responsible for the explosion of ‘personalized’ mail. Form letters with designated spaces for names and addresses are stored as documents with links to lists of names and addresses of potential buyers or clients. By designating what information goes into which blank space, a computer can process a huge amount of correspondence substituting the ‘personal’ information into a form letter. The final document appears to be typed specifically to the person addressed.

Many word processors can also generate tables of numbers or figures, sophisticated indexes and comprehensive tables of contents.

Word processors usually support these features:

• Cut and paste: allows you to remove (cut) a section of text and insert (paste) it somewhere else.

• Find and replace: allows you to direct the word processor to search for a particular word or phrase. You can also direct the word processor to replace one group of characters with another everywhere that the first group appears.

• Word wrap: the word processor automatically moves to the next line when you have filled one line with text, and it will readjust text if you change the margins.

• Print: allows you to send a document to a printer to get hard copy.

• Font specifications: allows you to change fonts within a document. For example, you can specify bold, italics and underlining. Most word processors also let you change the font size and the typeface.

• Graphics: allows you to include illustrations and graphs in a document. Some programs let you create the illustrations within the word processor; others let you insert a picture from a different program.

• Headers, footers and page numbering: allows you to specify customized headers and footers that the word processor will put at the top and bottom of every page. The word processor automatically keeps track of page numbers so that the correct number appears on each page.

• Layout: allows you to specify different margins within a single document and to specify various methods for indenting paragraphs – how much space you leave between the margins and the paragraphs.

• Merge: allows you to merge text from one file into another file. This is particularly useful for generating many files that have the same format but different data. Generating mailing labels is the classic example of using merges.

• Spell checker: a utility that allows you to check the spelling of words. It will highlight any words that it does not recognize.

• Thesaurus: allows you to search allows you to search for synonyms without leaving the word processor.

Study the following words and expressions:

1) to alleviate [ə'li:vieit] – снижать, облегчать 2) tedium ['ti:diəm] – скука 3) proofing – корректировка 4) to recall – извлекать, восстанавливать в памяти 5) from scratch – заново 6) body – зд. часть 7) to apply – применять, использовать 8) typeface – тип шрифта 9) frustration - расстройство 10) margins - поля (печатной страницы) 11) indent – абзац, отступ 12) desktop publishing – настольная редакционно-издательская система 13) layout – схема; компоновочный 14) hyphenation [ֽhaifə'nei∫ən] – перенос слова 15) hyphen ['haifən] – знак переноса, дефис, черточка 16) preferred – предпочтительный, целесообразный 17) blank space – пустое (свободное) место 18) to designate - определять, назначать 19) designated – предусмотренный 20) form letter – стандартное письмо

21) (to) merge – соединять(ся), накладывать, объединять, переходить, переносить составление стандартных писем; рассылка; сортировка 22) mail merge – автоматическое составление стандартных писем; рассылка писем,сортировка писем 23) mail merging – автоматическое составление стандартных писем, подготовка стандартных писем 24) comprehensive – исчерпывающий, полный, тщательный, детальный 25) word wrap – автоматический переход на новую строку 26) to readjust – исправить, переделать 27) hard copy – печатная копия (документа) 28) header – заголовок 29) footer – сноска 30) indent – абзацный отступ, смещение вправо/влево 31) indenting – выравнивание 32) to merge – переносить, соединять 33) to generate – образовывать, создавать 34) mailing labels – адресный ярлык 35) thesaurus [Өi'so:rəs] – словарь 36) justification – выравнивание строк

TEXT-BASED ASSIGNMENTS

I. Match the words on the left with the words on the right:

1) arrange the 2) cut and paste 3) install 4) open the document in 5) resize the 6) save it as

a) a Microsoft Word file b) a new window c) photo. It’s too big. d) an application e) some text f) icons on the desktop

II. Match words and expressions on the left with their explanations on the right:

1) retrieve 2) menu bar	a) text printed in the top margin b) recover information from a computer system
3) typefaces	c) the distinctive design of letters and characters, e.g. Arial, Courier
4) header   5) footer 6) layout 7) subscripted character 8) hyphenation 9) typeface 10)merge 11)word processor	d) letter, number or symbol that appears below the baseline of the row of type; commonly used in maths formulas e) text printed in the bottom margin f) a program used for preparing documents and letters g) division of words into syllables by a short dash or hyphen   h) a function that enables you to combine two files into one i) styles for a set of characters; sometimes called ‘fonts’ j) a row of words that open up menus when selected k) the way text is arranged on the page, including margins, paragraph format, columns, etc.

III. Decide if the sentences are true or false.

1. Find and Replace feature allows you to send documents to a printer to get hard copy. 2. Layout allows you to specify different margins within a single document. 3. Hyphenation moves the word you are typing to a new line if you get to the end of the line. 4. Word wrap splits the word, adds a hyphen and places the rest on the next line. 5. WYSIWYG stands for ‘what you send is what you get’. 6. Graphics allows you to change fonts within a document. 7. Footer is the text printed in the top margin. 8. Menu bar is a row of words that open menus when selected.

Дата добавления: 2015-10-26