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Keeping up with the Joneses robbing Peter to pay Paul
I don't know him from Adam before you could say Jack Robinson
(a) A British policeman is sometimes called a ‘______’. The name comes from
Sir Robert Peel, the founder of the first London police force.
(b) It is often said of someone who can do many different things that he is a____.
(c) Someone who spies on other people, especially by looking through their windows, is called a______.
(d) Oh, don’t take any notice of him. He thinks he knows everything. He’s just a____.
(e) He’s a real snob. He’s only interested in people who are rich or famous. He won’t talk to any______.
(f) When the Wright brothers invented the first aeroplane which actually flew, there was many a ______ who said that air-travel would never be commercially
successful.
(g) No, I’m sure I’ve never met him. He’s a complete stranger. Really,______.
(h) The couple next door is very conscious of their social position. They've got a new car, a modern kitchen, and trendy new clothes. They don’t really need them. They’re just______.
(i) It’s ridiculous to borrow from your uncle to settle your debt to your cousin. That’s just______.
(j) One man insulted another and suddenly,______, they were involved in a violent fight.
ACQUIRING COMMUNICATION SKILLS
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u) Someone to a stranger in the street: Excuse me, ….
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1. an old man you don’t know;
2. a policeman;
3. your foreign colleague, whose name is Sam Jones. He is 45.
4. his wife, whose name is June. She is 38.
5. their daughter Ella, who is not married;
6. their daughter Sue, who is married to Dr. Robert Rice;
7. Sue’s husband;
8. your friend’s professor, Bruce Walker;
9. Bill Brown whom you met in Britain and became friends with;
10. Bill Brown’s mother, Bertha, who is a widow;
11. the lady next door, who is divorced; her name is May Bronx;
12. Lily Lewis, whose marital status you don’t know. She is in her early thirties.
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1. What are the main forms of address in the Russian language?
2. Are the Russians sensitive about titles and names? What titles are used in Russia? What do the forms of address a person uses depend on in Russia?
3. When do people in Russia use first names? Is this common between a boss and an employee? Do the Russians quickly shift to a first-name basis?
4. Are there nicknames in Russia? Are they just for children? Are they used only by friends and family? Are there any other ways of giving nicknames to people in Russia? What are they?
5. What is the difference between Miss and Mrs.? Is it similar in Russian?
6. What differences are there in the way the British address strangers and the way the Russians do it?
7. How are the forms of address used by the Russians in official situations different from those used when speaking to friends?
8. Why do you think some women use the title Ms. now?
9. Are there any occupational vocatives in Russian? What are they?
10. Are the forms of address used by older people the same as those used by the younger generation?
11. Are there any English names that sound similar to Russian names?
12. Some English names have songs about them: Michelle; Hey Jude; Angie, etc. What Russian names have songs about them?
13. Which English names do you like best for men? For women?
14. In some African cultures, some children are believed to be spirits who quickly enter and leave this world. Such infants are given “born-to-die’ names in an attempt to keep them. Kaya, a common name in Ghana, means “Stay and don’t go back.” What do you think about such a tradition? Are there lucky names and unlucky names in Russia?
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1. The number of boys’ names that begin with R.
2. The number of girls’ names that begin with L.
3. The longest name on the chart (11 letters).
4. The number of the four-letter names on the chart.
5. The most traditional names (which appear on two or three lists).
for girls 1950s 1990s 2000-2006 | for boys 1950s 1990s 2000-2006 |
1. Mary Jessica Emily | John Michael Jacob |
2. Elizabeth Ashley Madison | William Christopher Michael |
3. Barbara Amanda Emma | Charles Matthew Joshua |
4. Dorothy Jennifer Hannah | James David Matthew |
5. Helen Sarah Abigail | George Daniel Andrew |
6. Margaret Stephanie Olivia | Robert Joshua Christopher |
7. Ruth Nicole Ashley | Thomas Andrew Daniel |
8. Virginia Brittany Samantha | Henry James Joseph |
9. Jean Heather Alexis | Joseph Robert Ethan |
10. Frances Melissa Sarah | Edward Ryan Nicholas |
11. Nancy Megan Elizabeth | Samuel John William |
12. Patricia Elizabeth Isabella | Frank Joseph Anthony |
13. Jane Amber Alyssa | Richard Brandon David |
14. Alice Lauren Grace | Harry Jason Ryan |
15. Joan Danielle Lauren | Francis Justin Tyler |
16. Betty Michelle Taylor | Frederick Jonathan Alexander |
17. Dolores Christina Jessica | Walter Nicholas John |
18. Eleanor Crystal Brianna | David Anthony James |
19. Anne Laura Kayla | Arthur William Brandon |
20. Florence Kimberly Sophia | Albert Eric Zachary |
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1.___ There are more girls’ names of one syllable than boys names of one syllable.
2.___ Names of one syllable were more common in the 1950s than in 1990s.
3.___ Two names of four syllables are on the chart.
4.___ There are two girls’ names with the stress on the second syllable.
5.___ More boys’ names have stayed popular than girls’ names.
6.___ No name on the chart begins with I or P.
7.___ The most common letter to begin a name is A.
8.___ Most popular names in 2000-2006 start with the letters from the first part of
the alphabet.
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Jack: Charming day it has been, Miss Fairfax.
Gwendolen: Pray, don’t talk to me about the weather, Mr.Worthing. Whenever people talk to me about the weather, I always feel quite certain that they mean something else. And that makes me so nervous.
Jack: I do mean something else.
Gwendolen: I thought so. In fact, I’m never wrong.
Jack: And I’d like to be allowed to take advantage of Lady Bracknell’s temporary absence …
Gwendolen: I would certainly advise you to do so. Mamma has a way of coming back suddenly into a room that I have often had to speak to her about.
Jack: [Nervously] Miss Fairfax, ever since I met you, I have admired you more than any girl … I have ever met since … I met you.
Gwendolen: Yes, I’m quite well aware of the fact. And I often wish that in public, at any rate, you had been more demonstrative. For me you have always had an irresistible fascination. Even before I met you, I was far from indifferent to you. [Jack looks at her in amazement.] We live, as I hope you know, Mr. Worthing, in an age of ideals. The fact is constantly mentioned in the more expensive monthly magazines, and has reached the provincial pulpits, I’m told; and my ideal has always been to love someone of the name of Ernest. There is something in that name that inspires absolute confidence. The moment Algernon first mentioned to me that he had a friend called Ernest, I knew I was destined to love you.
Jack: You really love me, Gwendolen?
Gwendolen: Passionately!
Jack: Darling, you don’t know how happy you’ve made me.
Gwendolen: My own, Ernest!
Jack: But you don’t really mean to say you couldn’t love me if my name wasn’t Ernest?
Gwendolen: But your name is Ernest!
Jack: Yes, I know it is. But supposing it was something else? Do you mean to say that you couldn’t love me then?
Gwendolen: [Glibly] Ah! That is clearly metaphysical speculation and like most metaphysical speculations has very little reference at all to the actual fact of real life as we know them.
Jack: Personally, darling, to speak quite candidly I don’t much care about the name of Ernest … I don’t think the name suits me at all.
Gwendolen: It suits you perfectly. It’s a divine name. It has a music of its own. It produces vibrations.
Jack: Well, really, Gwendolen, I must say that I think there are lots of other much nicer names. I think, Jack, for instance, a charming name.
Gwendolen: Jack? … No! There is very little music in the name of Jack, if any at all, indeed. It doesn’t thrill. It produces absolutely no vibrations… I have known several Jacks, and they all, without exceptions, were more than usually plain. Besides, Jack is a notorious domesticity for John! And I pity any woman who is married to a man called John. She would probably never be allowed to know the entertaining pleasure of a single moment’s solitude. The only really safe name is Ernest.
Jack: Gwendolen, I must get christened at once - I mean we must get married at once. There is no time to be lost.
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Just as with greetings, the language of introduction is different in different situations, too.
In official situations you should use the following expressions:
Let me introduce Mr. Brown/ Kate/ myself, etc.
May I introduce Mr. Brown/ Kate/myself, etc.?
The usual response to an introduction is How do you do?, which is in fact a sort of greeting. And in reply the other person says: How do you do?
Host: Mr. Brown, let me introduce you to Mr. White. He is an expert in finance.
Mr. White: How do you do?
Mr. Brown: How do you do?
Mr. White: Pleased to meet you.
Mr. Brown: So am I.
However, when introducing friends or people of the same age you should use the following expressions: This is …, Meet ….
Hostess: Helen, meet my friend Kate.
Helen: Hello, Kate. Pleased to meet you.
Kate: Hello, Helen. So am I.
If you have some knowledge of the person you are being introduced to, you may add: “Hello, Kate. I’ve heard a lot about you.” If you have already met Kate at some time, you may say: “How are you, Kate?” In reply Kate may say: “Fine/ well/ pretty well, thanks. And how are you?”
Nowadays people who know each other well can greet each other with: How’s life? How is it going? What’s up? The reply might be: It’s going fine. Great, etc.
Don’t forget that men are introduced to women unless they are much older and more senior. Young men are introduced to older men and young girls to older women.
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Woman: What’s your name? Family name first.
Man: Weatherspoon, Richard.
Woman: W-H-E-T-H-E-R-S-P-O-O-N?
Man: No, W-E-A-T-H-E-R-S-P-O-O-N.
Woman: Oh, OK! And your address, Richard?
Man: Well, perhaps you could e-mail it to me.
Woman: Right. What’s your e-mail address?
Man: It’s ricky65 – that’s one word R-I-C-K-Y-6-5, at hotmail dot com.
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A-Alfa B-Bravo C-Charlie
D-Delta (David) E-Echo (Edward) F-Foxtrot (Freddy)
G-Golf H-Hotel (Harry) I-India
J-Juliet (Jack) K-Kilo (King) L-Lima (London)
M-Mike (Mary) N-November (Nancy) O-Oscar (Oliver)
P-Papa (Peter) Q-Quebec (Queen) R-Romeo (Robert)
S-Sierra T-Tango (Tom) U-Uniform
V-Victor W-Whiskey X-X-ray
Y-Yankee Z-Zulu (Zebra)
Foreign vowels:
Ä – an „a“ with two dots
Õ – an „o“ with a wavy line
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Dialogue 1.
Secretary: Megathon Incorporated. May I help you?
Caller: Hello. Yes, I would like to speak with Mr. Howard Townsend, please.
Secretary: Mr. Townsend is not in right now. Do you want to leave a message?
Caller: Yes, please. Tell him that Mr. Koi Phong called.
Secretary: Excuse me?
Caller: Mr. Koi Phong.
Secretary: Mr. Chung?
Caller: Let me spell it for you. Koi. K as in Kevin, O as in old, I as in ice cream, That’s the first name. The last name is Phong. P as in Peter, H as in Henry, O as in old, N as in no, G as in good. Koi Phong.
Secretary: I’ll repeat. K-O-I Koi, P-H-O-N-G Phong.
Caller: That’s right.
Secretary: Very good, Mr. Phong. I’ll tell Mr. Townsend you called.
Caller: Thank you. Good-bye.
Secretary: Good-bye.
Dialogue 2.
A: Hello, I’d like to make an appointment to see Dr. McGuire.
B: Sorry, you have the wrong number.
A: I do?
B: Yes. What number did you dial?
A: 239 8063.
B: This is 8064. Try it again.
A: I am sorry to have troubled you.
B: That’s OK. Good bye.
…
C: Good morning. Dr. McGuire’s office.
A: Hello. I’d like to make an appointment.
C: Yes. What name is it, please?
A: Elise Eisenburg.
C: Could you spell it for me, please?
A: E-L-I-S-E E-I-S-E-N-B-U-R-G.
C: Yes. Tuesday at three, Ms Eisenburg?
A: Three o’clock’s difficult. I am working until five. Could it be later?
C: Five thirty?
A: Yes, that’s OK. Five thirty on Tuesday then. Thank you very much. Good bye.
C: Good bye.
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Operator: Directory Assistance. What city, please?
Caller: Toronto. I’d like the number of Ms. Amanda Rhodes.
Operator: How do you spell the last name, please?
Caller: It’s R-H-O-D-E-S
Operator: Thank you. And could I have the address?
Caller: It’s 418 Kingston Road.
Operator: The number is 987-0248
Caller: 987-0248. Thank you very much.
Operator: You are welcome.
Caller Operator
Look at this side only!!! Look at this side only!!!
Name: Debbie Abel Abel, David, 724 Eastern Ave.....867-5304
Address: 9 Woodgate Road. Abel, Debbie, 9 Woodgate Rd ….455-4433
Name: Kate Bingham Bingham, Kate 784 Kingston Rd..767-1690
Address: 784 Kingston Road Bingam, Sue, 621 Landmark Dr..321-5090
Name: Carolyn Bryans Bryans, Carolyn, 12 Lakeside Place…896-3427
Address: 12 Lakeside Place Moore, Alex, 845 Cherry St. ….. 211-3952
Name: Carl Watson Watson, Carl, 1989 River St. …...227-5486
Address: 1989 River St. Watson, Robert, 18 Palmgrove Blvd…..
987-2718
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What is the Meaning of North American Last Names?
By B.Dominski
Everyone in the United Stated and Canada has a last name. There are over one and a half million last names just in the United States. Where do these names come from? A large number of last names come from Great Britain. They are of English, Scottish, Welsh, or Irish origin. Many derive from the occupations of ancestors, like Carpenter, Cook, Clark (clerk or scholar), and Fletcher (maker of arrows). The most common surname in North America is Smith. Smith derives from ‘blacksmith”, the worker who used to make iron shoes for horses. Smiths also made swards for soldiers, and metal implements. Cooper means “barrel maker”, important work in olden (=old) times when wooden barrels were means of packaging.
Some family names derive from the custom of naming a man by referring to his father. Johnson and Peterson mean “son of John”, “son of Peter”, Mac and Fitz also mean ‘son of” as in Fitzgerald or MacDonald. The O’ in many Irish surnames, like O’Hara or O’Grady, means ‘grandson of.”
Some last names refer to a place or object connected with an ancestor’s home, such as Hill, Field, Church, or Street. Others derive from nicknames describing personal appearance or qualities, such as Short, Big, Smart, Strong, or Longfellow.
Long ago there were no surnames. People used to talk about their neighbours. Sometimes they were confused. “Do you mean David from the river?” “No, I mean David, the strong one.” “Oh, David, Erick’s son.” “No, not David, Erick’s son. David, John’s son!” With time the descriptions became last names: River, Strong, Erickson, Johnson.
The United States and Canada are countries of immigrants, so many last names are not British. Their origins are Arabic, Chinese, Filipino, French, German, Hungarian, Indonesian, Israeli, Japanese, Polish, Serbian, Spanish, and Swiss, to name just a few. Many of these surnames also have meanings, like the Spanish Rodriguez (‘son of Rodrigo’) and the French Dupont (‘from the bridge’).
The ancestors of most Black Americans were brought from Africa and forced to work as slaves. They lost their African names. American slaves became free in 1865. Many chose their new names, like Jones or Lincoln. Some took African names such as Cudjo for a boy or Juba for a girl, both meaning “born on Tuesday.”
Often people do not know the meaning of their names. Sometimes immigrants came from Canada and the United States, and the officials at the border could not understand their names. So they had to invent new names to put on the documents. Nowadays this seems wrong. In North America today there is more respect for the diversity of cultures.
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1. What last names mean son of someone? grandson of someone?
2. What other meanings do surnames have?
3. Why did people start using surnames?
4. When did some ancestors of Black Americans choose their names? What names did they choose? Why?
5. What happened at the border to the names of many immigrants in the past? What do Americans and Canadians think of this today?
6. Try to explain the origin of the following surnames:
Robinson MacGregor Hunter Armstrong
Martínes Lightfoot Stone O’Donnell
7. What diverse groups of people live in Russia? Can you explain the origin of some of their surnames?
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Ask yourself: “Who am I?” You think of your name. Your name is part of your identity. Its sound and meaning come from your family, language and culture. Sometimes people keep their names when they come to study or work in a new culture. Sometimes they change their names, or simply pronounce them differently. Read about the following people who came to study or work in the United State and Canada.
Situation 1.
My name is Loi Nguen, and I’m from Viet Nam. Some people tell me to anglicize my name. They tell me to call myself Larry or Lance. But I don’t want to. My family gave me my name. I am the same person wherever I go. When I meet someone new, I say my name slowly and clearly. I repeat it several times until people understand. Some of my classmates have made a joke about my name. I study law, so they say I’m going to be a loiyer. I don’t care. Let them laugh.
Situation 2.
I’m Jacqueline Matahnbat from Thailand, and I am a student in microbiology. Jacqueline is the name I use here in North America. I always liked that name and enjoy using it. I use my real name, Molvipah, with my family and people from my culture. It is hard for people to say it in English. So I decided to change it. I didn’t like the way people looked at me during introductions. They made faces when they tried to pronounce my name. They never said it right. In English I am Jacqueline.
Situation 3.
Hi, I am Jesús Jiménes García from Nicaragua. With my English friends, I am ‘Joe’. I never chose to change my name. It just happened. For my friends it was difficult to say Jesús. They said it was like swearing. In English it sounds disrespectful to say “Jesus”. That is not true in my culture. But now I call myself Joe, and I use only last name, Jiménes, the one from my father. I think it will be easier to get a job with that name.
Situation 4.
My name is Malika and I am from India. In the region I come from, we have only one name. We do not need a first and a last name. This caused problems here at first because North Americans think everyone must have a first and last name. So I invented a new name for myself: V. Malika. The “V” stands for Victory, one of my favourite English words. I sign that for official names. With most people here, I say I am Vicki. My real friends and family call me Malika.
Situation 5.
I’m Hans Warren, a Swiss professor working in the United States. I work at a university laboratory. This work is interesting, but I have trouble with the casual American ways. The technicians do not treat me with respect. They call me Hans all the time, often in front of the students. Even some students don’t call me Mr. Warren, much less Doctor or Professor! I spoke up one day at a lab meeting. I explained about the importance of respect in the workplace. But nobody got the point. Afterwards, I asked another professor about it. She said: “Oh, we know you like to be formal, but we take that with a grain of salt!”
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1. How many of the students use their real names in an English-speaking country? How many use a different name?
2. Who chose to change to a different name? Why?
3. What do you think of this decision?
4. Who uses a different name because it “just happened”?
5. Who had only one name before coming to North America? Why?
6. Why is Hans unhappy at work? In your opinion, what should Hans do to improve his communication with Americans? Does the similar problem exist in Russia?
7. How many names do you have?
8. Do you know any North American names that seem difficult or strange to people in your culture? Any Russian names with similar stories? Which ones? Why?
9. Choose the statement you agree with and explain why:
a) We should not change our names. It is best to use the name given to us by our family.
b) We should change our names in a new culture because it will help us to be accepted.
c) There is no right or wrong answer about changing names. It depends on the situation.
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Use the following expressions:
In my opinion, From my point of view,
If you ask me As far as I am able to judge
I don’t think That’s not a good/ bad idea that
The first transaction between even ordinary citizens – and the first chance to make an impression for better or worse - is, of course, an exchange of names. In America there usually is not very much to get wrong. And even if you do, so what?
Not so elsewhere. Especially in the Eastern Hemisphere, where name frequently denotes social rank or family status, a mistake can be an outright insult. So can switching to a given name without the other person’s permission, even when you think the situation calls for it.
“What would you like me to call you?” is always the opening line of one overseas deputy director for an international telecommunications corporation. “Better to ask several times,” he advises, “than to get it wrong. Even then, I err on the side of formality until asked to “Call me Joe”.” Another frequent traveler insists his company provide him with a list of key people he will meet, country by country, surnames underlined, to be memorized on the flight over.
Just when you think you have broken the international name code, they switch the rules on you. Take Latin America. Most people’s names are a combination of the father’s and mother’s names with only the father’s name used in conversation. In the Spanish-speaking countries the father’s name comes first. Hence, Carlos Mendoza-Miller is called Mr. Mendoza. But in Portuguese-speaking Brazil it is the other way round, with the mother’s name first.
In the Orient the Chinese system of putting a surname first, a given name last does not always apply. The Taiwanese, many of whom were educated in missionary schools, often have a Christian first name, which comes before any of the others – as in Tommy Ho Chin, who should be called Mr. Ho or, to his friends, Tommy Ho. Also, given names are often officially changed to initials, and Y.Y. Lang is Y.Y.; never mind what is stands for. In Korea, which of a man’s names takes a Mr. is determined by whether he is his father’s first or second son. Although in Thailand names run backwards, in Chinese style, the Mr. is put with the given name, and to a Thai it is just as important to be called by his given name as it is for a Japanese to be addressed by his surname. With the latter, incidentally, you can in a very friendly relationship respond to his using your first name by dropping the Mr. and adding san to his last name, as in Ishikawa-san.
But the safest course remains: ask.
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I’m Nobody.
Who Are You?
I’m Nobody. Who are you?
Are you Nobody too?
Then there’s a pair of us!
Don’t tell. They’d banish us – you know. - send (us) away
How dreary to be Somebody. - dull, depressing
How public, like a frog,
Who tells his name the livelong day
To an admiring bog! - wet, marshy place
WRITING
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1. Joe ___________ 7. Ginny _______________
2. Dot (Dottie) ____ 8. Barbie _______________
3. Tony __________ 9. Bob _________________
4. Chris __________ 10. Chuck ______________
5. Mike __________ 11. Jess ________________
6. Nick __________ 12. Dick ________________
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1. Edward _______________ 6. Frederick ______________
2. Patricia _______________ 7. Samuel ________________
3. Ann __________________ 8. Jennifer ________________
4. Stephen _______________ 9. Matthew _______________
5. Nickolas ______________ 10. Megan ________________
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Address ___ telephone number ___
Company name ____ fax number _________
Zip code (BrE postcode) ____ job title ____________
e-mail address ____________ web site ____________
Area code ________________
HOLDER (3) 20344 Mack Avenue ENTERPRISES (1) Grosse Point Michigan 48236 (4) (5) (313) 278-1351 (6) Howard Skyring(313) 278-(7)1355 (fax) (2) IT Consultant skyring@holder.com(8) www.holdernet.com(9) |
Unit 2.
People Around Me. My Family and Myself.
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