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Ø 1) Read the text and answer the questions:
a) When were the freest election held in Ethiopia?
b) What is the population of Ethiopia?
c) Who owns all the land in Ethiopia?
d) Why was the first opposition candidate in Lalibela always walking on foot during the election campaign?
e) Was the election campaign carried out without any incidents?
f) What does the economy of Ethiopia depend on?
At elections on May 15th, 2005 Ethiopians wereoffered a real choice. Opposition parties fielded more candidates than ever before. The state broadcaster aired proper political debates. Foreign observers were welcomed. A week before the vote, opposition supporters – maybe more than a million – were allowed to march in Addis Ababa, the capital.
It was the freest election ever held in Ethiopia, though that is not saying much. In the past 3,000 years, the country has spawned great civilizations, but nothing resembling a modern democracy. Only a few years ago, it was under the grip of a regime, whose leaders thought mass starvation a useful tool both for crushing rebellious tribes and for easing overpopulation.
Since 1991, Ethiopia has become a less harsh and more open society. With 71m people, Ethiopia is by far the most populous country in the bottom tenth of the un’s Human Development Index, a composite measure of poverty, ill health and basic education. In 2004, it was ranked 170th out of 177.
Now, Ethiopia is doing better. Donors believe that with more help (Ethiopia already gets $1 billion a year, excluding food aid), the country could take off.
With aid, however, comes scrutiny. Donors prefer their clients to be democratic, and Ethiopia is imperfectly so. The ruling coalition, the Ethiopian People’s Revolutionary Democratic Front (eprdf), enjoys vast powers of patronage. The state owns all the land in Ethiopia. Peasants are therefore reluctant to upset anyone in a position of power for fear of being evicted, and some 85% of Ethiopians are peasants.
One of two newly formed opposition groups, the Coalition for Unity and Democracy (CUD), offered a liberal alternative: campaigning, among other things, for land to be privatized. It did well in cities, winning all 23 seats in Addis Ababa, but has found it harder to sway rural voters.
Lalibela, a small town two days’ drive north of Addis, saw a typical campaign. The first opposition candidate in the area canvassed on foot because he had no car. With some polling stations as far as 95km away, however, he could not reach everyone. An old salt-seller in Lalibela’s market told The Economist that he did not know who the candidates were. He said he would ask for advice at the polling station.
The opposition complained of harassment and vote-buying, particularly in the countryside. Human Rights Watch (HRW), a pressure group, says that repression and intimidation in Oromia, the country’s largest region, rendered the vote there a “hollow exercise”. HRW claims that torture and arbitrary arrests, aimed at crushing a local revolt, have also silenced peaceful dissent. Teachers have been made to spy on students, local officials have been made to spy on peasants and suspected “troublemakers” have been prevented from receiving public services, such as medicine. The minister of information dismisses such allegations as smears.
Vote-counting continued until June 8th, but the ruling coalition was confident enough of having swept rural areas to declare victory on May 16th. Two days later, the CUD reported that on the contrary, it was on course for a famous victory. The Prime Minister has banned rallies in the capital for a month.
Which side is really more popular is hard to say. The EPRDF gets credit for having ousted the old regime, and for delivering schools, roads, water and electricity to many over the past decade. But the lack of secure property rights has hindered the development of larger, more productive farms. A year of poor rains still translates into millions of people needing food aid and a contraction of the whole economy. Irrigation is still rare, and the proportion of Ethiopians living in absolute poverty has fallen only slightly-from 45.5% in 1996 to 44.2% in 2000, according to the IMF. Over the past two years, however, the rains have been good and the economy has rebounded, growing by over 11% last year.
Ø 2) Give definitions to the terms: an opposition party; political debates; democracy; rebellious; coalition; liberal; a voter; a polling station; vote-buying; to hinder.
Ø 3) Express your opinion on the election campaigns in your country.
REFERENCES
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2. Куценко Л.И., Тимофеева Г.И. Английский язык. Учебное пособие для юридических учебных заведений. – М.: Издательство «Щит-М», 2000. – 288 с.
3. Bennett C. J. The Golden Age: The Saturday Review. 50th Anniversary Reader. A Bantam Book, 1974. – 376p.
4. Bromhead P. Life in Modern Britain. – 5th edition. – UK: Longman, 1995. – 198 p.
5. Children’s Britannica / Ed.director M.Sutton; Ed.J.Somerville, 20 Vol., Aardvark to Argentina. – Auckland etc.: Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc., 1994.
6. Collected Poems of Emily Dickinson. – New York: Avenel Books, 1982. – 256 p.
7. Curry, D. Day by day: oral skills practice book for students at the intermediate level. – US Department of State, Office of English Language Programs. Materials Branch. – Washington: S.n., 1999. – 67 p.
8. Financial Times
9. Gitlow H. S., Gitlow Sh. J. The Deming Guide to Quality and Competitive Position. – NY: Prentice Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey. – 247 p.
10. Glotier M.W.E. Accounting: Theory and Practice. – Underdown Pitman, 1986. – 732 p.
11. Grisham J. The Firm. – UK: Random House, 1993. – 425 p.
12. Hughes L. I, Too, Am American. Moscow: Raduga Publishers, 1986. – 334 p.
13. Laird E. Faces of the USA. – UK: Longman Group UK Limited, 1987. – 80 p.
14. New Enlarged Anthology of Robert Frost’s Poems. – US: Washington Square Press, Pocket Books, 1971. – 280 p.
15. Obama B. Dreams from my Father. – NY: Three Rivers Press, 2004. – 457 p.p.
16. Pearson R. T. The Rules of Management. – NY: Prentice Hall, Business, 2005. – 183 p.
17. Siebert A., Clark R. C. All Around America. The Time Traveler’s Talk Shaw. – US: Pro Lingua associates, Publishers, 2004. – 76 pp.
18. Struik D.J. A Concise History of Mathematics. – New York: Dover Publications, Inc., 1967. – 195 p.
19. The Irish Times, Business and Finance
20. The New Encyclopedia Britannica: In 32 vol.: Micropedia, V.3, Ceara-Deluc. – 15th ed. – Chicago etc.: Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc., 1994.
21. The Sunday Tribune
22. http://en.wikipedia.org
23. http://esl.about.com
24. http://whatscookingamerica.net
25. http://www.about.com
26. http://www.cam.ac.uk
27. http://www.civilservant.org.uk
28. http://www.civilservice.gov.uk
29. http://www.ehow.com
30. http://www.english.language.ru
31. http://www.financial-freedom-made-simple.com/saving-money.html
32. http://www.gov.karelia.ru
33. http://www.homeenglish.ru
34. http://www.latimes.com
35. http://www.longman.com
36. http://www.nytimes.com
37. http://www.ox.ac.uk
38. http://www.studyenglishtoday.net/british-money.html
39. http://www.washingtonpost.com
КАРЕЛЬСКИЙ ФИЛИАЛ
Федерального государственного
образовательного учреждения
высшего профессионального образования
«СЕВЕРО-ЗАПАДНАЯ АКАДЕМИЯ
ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЙ СЛУЖБЫ»
в г. Петрозаводске
ул. Чапаева, 6а, г. Петрозаводск, Республика Карелия, 185002
Тел./факс (814-2) 72-20-32,
e-mail:info@gosacad.karelia.ru,
http://gosacad.karelia.ru
Карельский филиал федерального государственного образовательного учреждения высшего профессионального образования «Северо-Западная академия государственной службы» в г. Петрозаводске создан в 1995 году. Филиал входит в единую систему подготовки, переподготовки и повышения квалификации государственных и муниципальных служащих Российской Федерации.
ИНФОРМАЦИЯ ДЛЯ ПОСТУПАЮЩИХ
I. Карельский филиал СЗАГС в г. Петрозаводске осуществляет прием на обучение по следующим программам высшего профессионального образования:
1. Специальность 080504.65 «Государственное и муниципальное управление» (квалификация «Менеджер») – по очной и заочной формам обучения.
2. Специальность 080105.65 «Финансы и кредит» (квалификация «Экономист») – по заочной форме обучения.
3. Специальность 030501.65 «Юриспруденция» (квалификация «Юрист») – по заочной форме обучения.
По окончании обучения выдается диплом СЗАГС государственного образца о высшем профессиональном образовании.
На основании ст. 21 ч. 2 пункт «Б» Закона «О воинской обязанности и военной службе» юношам-студентам очной формы обучения предоставляется отсрочка от призыва в ВС РФ.
Обучение в Филиале платное. При зачислении в Филиал между Филиалом, Заказчиком и Студентом заключается трехсторонний договор на оказание платных образовательных услуг на весь период обучения. Условия, взаимные обязательства и стоимость обучения определяются договором
Дополнительную информацию можно получить
по телефону: (814-2) 72-21-01;
на сайте филиала: http://gosacad.karelia.ru
II. Карельский филиал СЗАГС в г. Петрозаводске осуществляет прием документов для обучения по программам профессиональной переподготовки (на базе высшего профессионального образования)
1. «Государственное и муниципальное управление».
2. «Финансы и кредит».
3. «Юриспруденция».
Период обучения –1 год. Форма обучения – заочная.
Вступительные испытания – конкурс документов.
По окончании обучения выдается диплом Федерального государственного образовательного учреждения высшего профессионального образования «Северо-Западная академия государственной службы» о профессиональной переподготовке государственного образца, удостоверяющий право на ведение профессиональной деятельности в сфере государственного и муниципального управления, финансов и кредита, юриспруденции соответственно.
Дополнительную информацию можно получить
по телефону: 8(8142) 72-21-92;
на сайте филиала: http://gosacad.karelia.ru
Р.Г. Головчанская, М.Н. Горанская, Э.С. Тайбакова
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