Enjoying Yourself in Britain.

Typical popular pastimes in Great Britain include listening to pop music, going to pubs, having and watching sport, going on holidays, doing outdoor activities and watching TV. There’s almost every kind of entertainment you can imagine; there are parks and gardens to visit. You can go sightseeing, either on your own or in a group, or on an open bus, or by horse and cart, and if you like walking you can go on organized walks, which could include sightseeing too. You may simply find a seat outdoor – sit and watch people hurrying past.

If the weather is cold and wet, it needn’t be a big problem because there’s plenty going on indoors. You may go to different entertainment centres such as disco, pub, restaurant, bar, club, art centres including exhibitions, cinema, theatre, music, etc. The parts of the city or town where people go to enjoy themselves are often near the centre and easy to find. You can meet your friends and have a nice time together.

If you haven’t got much money to spend on entertainment, you can do much of what is cheap or even costs nothing. To begin with, lots of events that are organized outside or in the street are free. There are street festivities and public procession. Some people play modern music and instruments on the street and you can see modern theatre and dancing too.

Parks are another place where you’ll often find things going on, from hot-air balloon festivals to musical entertainments of various kinds. You may simply relax on the grass, listening to a band perhaps. You can visit many museums and art galleries without having to pay, and some also show films. Some churches have free concerts, particularly at lunch-time.

There are particular days (e.g. Monday) or particular time of the day (e.g. the afternoon) that tickets for the theatres, concerts are cheaper. Prices may be reduced for students, for groups and if you buy them in advance. Pubs, clubs, wine bars and discos may have a “Happy Hour” – a time when you can buy drinks more cheaply than usual. This is often early in the evening.

If you feel like spending a night having a drink, a meal, dancing, seeing a show, or combining some of these things you can go to pubs, bars, restaurants. Pubs are important part of British social life (more than restaurants) and more money is spent on drinking than on any other form of leisure activity. A very pleasant place to visit is a wine bar. You can buy a glass or a bottle of wine and there may be a lot of different prices and qualities to choose from. Most wine bars have cold food, such as salad, cheese and pies, with perhaps one or two hot things too. These are usually comfortable, fairly quiet places where you can relax with a drink, sit and watch people hurrying past. There are other kinds of bars too, selling cocktails (drinks, made by combining spirits, fruit juice, cream, etc.) and similar drinks.

Lots of different places that offer entertainment in the evening are clubs. Most of them have two things in common: you have to pay to get in, and you may have to become a member to go there. Some are no more than discos; some are for very rich, with expensive meals and cabarets; some won’t let you in if you’re not wearing a suit and tie, and others won’t let you in if you are!

Discos: they go on till late at night and there are plenty of them – some playing all kinds of pop and rock music, and others playing only a particular kind. Discos are usually clubs, like other places mentioned here, they are mostly for people aged 18 or over, though some discos open at special times for younger age-groups.

There’s a lot of entertainment organized specially for children:

i. theatre, music and dance with special plays, concerts, etc. for children;

ii. children’s shows and family shows which may include singing, dancing, games, jokes, puppets, etc.;

iii. cinema, there is a lot to choose from – especially during the holiday;

iv. museums, animals (zoos and safari parks), fun fairs (games, machines to ride, etc.), parks, sports centres, entertainment centres, etc.

Many people entertain themselves by taking up hobbies, millions look to television, cinema, music and reading. In Britain watching television is one of the most popular leisure activities. There are four TV stations where BBC 1 and BBC 2 do not carry advertisements, but TV and channel 4 are commercially run.

Despite the increase of TV watching, reading is still an important leisure activity in Britain and there is a very large number of magazines and books published on a wide variety of subjects. The biggest-selling magazines in Britain (after the TV guides which sell over 3 million copies a week) are women’s and pop music publications.

The best-selling books are not great works of literature but stories of mystery and romance which sell in huge quantities. (Agatha Christie’s novels, for example, have sold more than 300 million copies). It has been estimated that only about 3 per cent of the population read “classics” such as Charles Dickens or Jane Austen, whereas the figures for popular books sales can be enormous, particularly if the books are connected with TV shows or dramatizations.

In most places local education authorities organize classes connected with your hobbies, such as photography, painting, folk dancing, dog training, cake decoration, local history, car maintenance, and other subjects. All this, together with the popularity of amateur dramatics, can provide some comfort for those who fear that modern mass entertainment is producing a passive society.

Other groups meet regularly for a mixture of social and religious purposes or for the pursuit of hobbies. For young people there are youth clubs, some, but not all, of them are connected with churches.

The young and old spend leisure time working together for good cases, raising money for the benefit of victims of famine, flood or misfortune. All of this demands a good deal of organization and innumerable committees.

England is famous for its gardens, and most people like gardening. This is probably one reason why so many prefer to live in houses rather than in flats. Particularly in suburban areas it is possible to pass row after row of ordinary small houses, each one with its neatly kept patch of grass surrounded by a great variety of flowers and shrubs. Some people who have no garden of their own have patches of land or “allotments” in special areas.

Although the task of keeping a garden is essentially individual, gardening can well become the foundation of social and competitive relationships. Flower shows and vegetable shows, with prizes for the best exhibits, are popular, and to many gardeners the process of growing the plants seems more important than the merely aesthetic pleasure of looking at the flowers or eating the vegetables.

Read the text. Translate it into Russian.

In my opinion an ideal day off is the time you spend with your friends or relatives, generally speaking with the people who are very close to you and whose company you always enjoy. You can also enjoy your day off alone when you are tired and exhausted and haven’t got any desire to talk to anybody and need privacy. But in general I am for active rest. There are many places you can go to like cinemas, theatres, museums, cafes, parties. You can also go out of town. A day off for me is a nice possibility to escape from the daily routine. At school I had a six-day working week. And every day off came like a reward and like all nice things it flashed by very quickly.

In fact I had only one full day off, Sunday, because on Saturday we had lessons at school. One of the advantages of Saturday was a shorter school day which was over at about one o’clock instead of three o’clock on the other week days.

I hated staying at home at the weekend. I was happy that I could devote the whole Saturday afternoon to going out with my friends. In good warm weather we took long walks in the park or strolled along the streets. Then we could talk for hours about our favourite teams, pop singers or rock groups. I was allowed to stay out later than usual on Saturday nights. But I never went to bed later than midnight.

Unlike many of my friends I was not in the habit of getting up late on Sundays. Sunday usually started with a little of homework, after that I went to the school sports ground to play a game of football or basketball which are my favourite sports. Each time after the game I always felt fit and was ready to face another week of studies. On Sunday afternoons I usually took the dog for a walk. Occasionally I helped mother about the house vacuum-cleaning or taking the rubbish out. Though I enjoyed doing different things on Sundays, nevertheless the remaining part of the day had to be spent on my homework. Sometimes when I went away with my family to the countryside, I got down to work as late as six o’clock in the evening. But having spent the whole day in the open air I felt rested and fit for work.

Of course, my weekends were different depending on the season. Summer weekends were more enjoyable while long weekend winter evenings were somewhat boring. I dream about the time when I can go for a drive to different places here in Belarus and take up sports seriously.

7. Prepare for the discussion of the questions on the topic “Day Off”.

1. What is your idea of the best way to spend a weekend? 2. When did you last go to the country? 3. When did you last go to the theatre (concert)? 4. Do you usually make plans for the coming weekend? 5. How much does your weekend depend on the season of the year? 6. What do you usually do on long dark winter evenings? 7. Do you prefer to spend your free time with your friends or with your family? 8. What public places do you like to visit? 9. What public places are most popular with young people? 10. What do you usually do when your friends come to your place at weekend? 11. Do you like to invite friends to your place or to visit them? 12. What places are there in your town for rest and entertainment? 13. What makes picnics attractive to young people? 14. Do you always tell your parents where you go and when you will be back home? 15. How did you spent your last weekend?

Part V. student’s life

Introductory text.

British Universities.

There are more than forty universities in Britain, of which 36 are in England, 8 in Scotland, 2 in Northern Ireland and 1 in Wales. The two oldest universities in England are Oxford and Cambridge. These date from the Middle Ages. Oxford is the oldest of these two universities. The history of Oxford began in 1249, that of Cambridge – in 1348. Among the English universities Oxford and Cambridge have a special eminence, and they are different from the others.

England had no other universities, apart from Oxford and Cambridge, until the nineteenth century. The universities which were founded between 1850 and 1930, including London University, are known as redbrick universities (they were called so because that was the favourable building material of the time). They are in London, Manchester, Birmingham, Sheffield, Bristol, Nottingham, etc. The University of London is the largest of them. The division between Oxford and Redbrick is sharp. The division is essentially a class one. Redbrick universities were built to provide a liberal education for the poorer boys and to give technological training.

The universities which were founded after the Second World War are called “the new universities”. They are in Kent, Essex, Sussex, York. Some of them quickly became popular because of their modern approach to university courses.

All British universities are private institutions. Every university is independent, autonomous and responsible only to its own governing council. Although they all receive financial support from the state, the Department of Education and Science has no control over their regulations, curriculum, examinations, appointment of staff, or the way they spend money. The number and type of faculties differ from university to university. Each university decides each year how many students it supposes to admit. The admission to universities is by examination or selection (interviews). The students receive grants. Most students take jobs in the summer for about six weeks, but they do not normally do outside work during the academic year.

Students who pass examinations at the end of three or four years of study get Bachelor’s degree. The first postgraduate degree is normally that of Master conferred for a thesis based on at last one year’s fulltime work. Universities are centres of research and many postgraduates are engaged in research for higher degree, usually Doctorates.

A. Mark the statements that are true. If the statement is false, correct it.

1. All British universities are private institutions. 2. The admission to the University is by examination or selection. 3. The Department of Education and Science controls appointment of staff. 4. The number and type of faculties are the same at all British universities. 5. Students never work in summer, they work during the academic year. 6. The first postgraduate degree is that of Master.

B. Answer the questions on the text.

1. How many universities are there in Great Britain? 2. What are the oldest British universities? 3. What Redbrick universities can you name? 4. Why did “the new universities” quickly become popular? 5. British universities are private, aren’t they?

Topical vocabulary

1. higher education 2. secondary education 3. to enter a university 4. to study at the university 5. to study at a faculty 6. rector / head of a university 7. university administration 8. rector’s office 9. pro-rector 10. dean 11. dean’s office 12. deputy / assistant dean 13. department / sub-faculty 14. head of the sub-faculty 15. laboratory assistant 16. Bachelor’s degree 17. Master’s degree 18. Doctor’s degree 19. Doctor of Philosophy 20. Professor 21. Candidate of science 22. scientist 23. lecturer 24. a first-year student 25. graduate 26. post-graduate 27. tuition by correspondence / part-time tuition 28. external student 29. to study by correspondence 30. full-time tuition 31. to be on the morning/day/night shift 32. free (of charge) education 33. academic year 34. semester 35. session

36. to receive grants / to get a monthly stipend 37. to get a scholarship 38. university curriculum 39. teaching practice 40. to take up a subject 41. to do a foreign language 42. to come easy to smb. 43. to be good at smth. 44. to be strong in a subject 45. to be weak in a subject 46. a weak point 47. the course of studies runs 48. period 49. lecture on 50. seminar on 51. class in 52. to work regularly 53. to work by fits and starts 54. to make progress 55. to get good (bad) marks 56. to be at the top of the group 57. to fall behind the group 58. to catch up with the group 59. to fail in a subject 60. to fail at an exam 61. to attend classes (lectures) 62. to take notes at a lecture 63. students’ society 64. research work 65. amateur performance 66. timetable 67. to hand in 68. the bell has gone 69. to read up for an exam 70. to take an exam in 71. to pass an exam in

Exercises

A. Read and translate the following dialogue.

Kate: Ann: Kate: Ann: Kate:   Ann: Kate: Ann:   Kate: Ann:   Kate: Ann: Kate: Ann: Kate: Ann: Kate: Ann: Kate: Ann:

Hello, Ann. Haven’t seen you for ages. What are you doing now? I’m studying in the teachers’ training college. Are you really? What are you doing? I’m doing foreign languages. How very interesting! You know my sister is leaving school this year and her dream is to enter this college. Will you tell me some words about your college? Most willingly. What are you interested in? What languages are you doing? German and English. German is my first language and English is the second. I have taken it up only this year. Which of them do you find more difficult? English grammar is easy but pronunciation is my weak point. I have to work hard at it in the language laboratory. On the whole, English is easier in my opinion. How long will your course run? Five years. In the forth and fifth years we’ll have our teaching practice at school. How many periods do you have daily? As a rule we have one or two lectures, then a seminar or a class in English or in German. Is it a hard job to do two foreign languages? If you don’t miss classes and work regularly you are sure to make good progress. Do students sometimes fail at the exams? They do, if they work by fits and starts. Thanks a lot for this useful information. You are welcome.

b. Find English equivalents to the following:

1) что ты изучаешь; 2) расскажи о своем колледже; 3) что тебя интересует; 4) какой из предметов; 5) в целом; 6) на четвертом курсе; 7) сколько пар в день; 8) пропускать занятия.

C. Answer the following questions.

1. You are a student, aren’t you? 2. What faculty do you study at? 3. What foreign languages do you study? 4. What year student are you? 5. How many lectures do you have weekly? 6. Do you attend them regularly? 7. What is your favourite subject? 8. Are you good at languages? 9. How many exams will you have in summer? In what subjects? 10. Have you ever failed at an exam? In what subject did you fail? 11. Do you work regularly or by fits and starts? 12. Are there any students’ societies at your faculty? Are you a member of any? 13. Are there any sport societies and theatrical groups at the faculty? Have you ever taken part in an amateur performance?

d. Ask your fellow students:

… what new subjects she / he has this year

… how many classes she / he has every day

… if she / he attends classes regularly

… what subjects she / he is especially good at

… if she / he fell behind the group when she / he was ill

… if it took her / him much time to catch up with the group

… if she / he has already begun to read up for the exams

… if it is difficult to do two foreign languages at the same time

… if she / he always comes in time for classes

… what her / his favourite subject is

… what subjects she / he had in the first year.

e. Ask the teacher if you must:

read the second passage; translate the sentence; switch on the light; turn on the tape recorder; render the story; explain the rule; clean the blackboard; fetch a piece of chalk; wet the duster; get the books from the library.

F. Use the following questions and sentences in a natural conversation.

1. Where is the timetable? 2. What lecture shall we have on Tuesday? 3. Where can I get this textbook? 4. Is the library open? 5. I’m very nervous about my exam in English. 6. Why did you miss classes yesterday? 7. I’m afraid he’ll fail in German. 8. You’ll have to work hard to catch up with the group. 9. Don’t worry about him. He is very good at English. 10. Was he absent again? 11. I’ve made rather many mistakes in my dictation. 12. Will you help me with this exercise? 13. Can you stay after classes? Do you remember that we have a rehearsal today?

G. Complete the following sentences.

1. She has been ill for a week and now…. 2. My friend has made a good progress in English because …. 3. If you work by fits and starts …. 4. You will fall behind the group if …. 5. I’m going to the library, I must prepare …. 6. She is very good at …. 7. If you don’t know the pronunciation of a word …. 8. Will you help Ann …. 9. He is very weak in …. 10. Our course of studies runs ….

H. Fill in the blanks with prepositions and adverbs wherever necessary.

1. The students … our group are very good … English. They work hard … their pronunciation and grammar. 2. When Kate fell … the group … the History … the English language everybody was ready to help her … this subject. It took her a week to catch … … the group. Now she is very strong … this subject. 3. Peter makes many mistakes … his speech. That’s because he works … fits and starts. 4. Lectures … English literature are very popular … our students. 5. Yesterday we had a lecture … history, a seminar … Stylistics and a class … English. 6. … the end … the first term we shall have three exams. 7. If I pass my exam … English I’ll be very happy. Though I work hard English doesn’t come easy … me. 8. It’s high time to start reading … … your exams. 9. Don’t miss classes, otherwise you may fail … English. 10. What subjects are you weak …?

I. Ask questions so that the sentences below could be answers.

1. She is very good at English grammar. 2. Our course runs for five years. 3. He fell behind the group because of his illness. 4. The brightest student in our group is Mary. 5. Reading books in the original is one of the ways of mastering a language. 6. My favourite subject is English. 7. She couldn’t stay after classes because she was very busy. 8. You can get this book at the library. 9. She has made a very good report on Byron’s poetry. 10. We shall have a seminar on English Literature. 11. She has made a good progress in English because she works hard. 12. Ann failed in history.

J. Consult a dictionary and read the following words.

Lexicology, theoretical grammar, theoretical phonetics, stylistics, psychology, pedagogics, country study, Latin, teaching methods, physical culture, the history of religion, computer science.

K. Say what is your timetable on Monday, Tuesday, etc.

L. Translate into English.

1. В этом году моя сестра поступила на физико-математический факультет педагогического университета. Курс обучения на этом факультете длится пять лет. 2. Кате хорошо даются иностранные языки. Она самая лучшая студентка в нашей группе. Она регулярно посещает занятия и очень много работает. 3. Какие новые предметы мы будем изучать на четвертом курсе? Я ещё не знаю, надо посмотреть расписание. 4. Звонок уже был? Что у нас сейчас? – Лекция по страноведению. Но я не помню номера аудитории. Давай посмотрим расписание. 5. Зимой мы сдали четыре экзамена. Меня очень беспокоит (to worry) экзамен по стилистике. Я не очень сильна в этом предмете. 6. Он был болен и отстал от группы. Давайте поможем ему с английским. Аня, у тебя хорошо с английской грамматикой, объясни ему перфектные времена, пожалуйста. 7. Завтра мы сдаем последний экзамен. Я думаю, никто не провалится, хотя предмет очень трудный.

m. Exercise 12. Situations in free conversation:

1. You are leaving school but you haven’t yet made up your mind what you want to be. Your sister’s friend is in the teachers’ training college. Ask her about students’ life and her future job.

2. You are a freshman. Say a few words about your first impressions (your timetable, lectures, everyday programme, etc.)

3. You are a freshman and your friend is a fourth year student. She has come back from her school practice. Ask her how she liked it.

N. Read the text. Translate it into Russian.

The University.

Universities are schools that continue a person’s education beyond high school. The University helps men and women enjoy richer, more meaningful lives. It prepares many people for professional careers as doctors, engineers or teachers. It also gives a person a better appreciation of such fields as art, literature, history, etc. In doing so a University education enables individuals to participate with greater understanding in community affairs.

The University believes that the students behave responsibly towards one another and towards the University staff; that good manners and courtesy are to be encouraged; that respect for other people’s feelings, privacy, well-being, and property is important and should be cultivated; that an awareness and understanding of social responsibility is a necessary virtue of a civilized community; that sporting success should be eagerly sought though never at the expense of good conduct; and that the University should be a place of truly equal opportunities.

It is the aim of the University to teach all its students to respect one another’s rights and individuality; to honour the old and care for the handicapped; to respect the beliefs and customs of all people; to defend the right of the minority to exist, to have and express its point of view; to have an awareness of the community in which we live; to have concern for our environment and love of our heritage.

The objective of the pastoral curriculum is to provide a caring atmosphere in which young people can study and develop and which sets such an example to students that they too become caring people.

The objective of the academic curriculum is to provide all students with a sound education that will equip them with the skills and the confidence to face the realities of adult life but will at the same time be a proper basis for further study or training where that is sought.

The purpose of the University is to create an environment in which each student has the opportunity to achieve his or her full potential, be that in the classroom, on the games field, in the workshop or the laboratory; but above all as an independent, individual, human being.

University life gives students a welcome measure of independence. But students should realize that new responsibilities go hand in hand with this independence. They must balance hard work with recreation, allow enough time and energy for social activities, and learn to use the opportunities their school offers.

Extracurricular activities outside the normal routine of classes and study help to develop the student’s personality, and provide a proper balance for the daily routine. Students may take part in such activities as dramatics, music, writing and others. These activities are valuable, but the wise student remembers that learning is the main purpose of attending University.

O. Answer the questions on the text.

1. What is a University? 2. What does the University believe in? 3. What is the aim of the University? 4. What is the objective of the pastoral curriculum? 5. What is the objective of the academic curriculum? 6. What is the purpose of the University? What does university life give? 7. What extracurricular activities may students take part in?

P. Read the following text and retell.

Mogilev State A. Kuleshov University.

The Mogilev State A. Kuleshov University is one of the oldest higher educational establishments in Belarus. More than 40 thousand specialists have graduated from the University since its foundation in 1913.

Today Mogilev State University is the largest educational, scientific and cultural centre in the eastern part of Belarus. There are 10 faculties. They are History, Slavonic Philology, Physics and Mathematics, Pedagogical, Pedagogics and Psychology of Children, Physical Education, Natural Sciences, Pre-higher School Education, Economics and Law, Foreign Languages faculties. About 8 thousand students acquire education in 30 professions.

Education and research work is carried out at 37 departments, which involve among other specialists 15 doctors and 165 candidates. Research projects in natural sciences, the humanities and other sciences are underway.

The University has a rich library. It contains some rare editions. Teaching and learning resources available to all students include a range of modern teaching accommodation such as seminar rooms, laboratories, and workshops. Equipped with modern computers, they provide an up-to-date level of teaching process.

Q. Translate the following text into English.

Из истории Могилевского государственного

Университета им. А.А Кулешова

В начале XX века в трех белорусских городах (Витебск – 1910 г., Могилев – 1913 г., Минск – 1914 г.) открываются учительские институты. Они явились основой становления и развития национальной системы педагогического образования. Официальная дата создания Могилевского учительского института – 1 июля 1913 года. В декабре 1918 года учительский институт был реорганизован в педагогический, и получил статус высшего учебного заведения.

В 1941 году в институте обучалось более 2000 студентов и работало 69 преподавателей. В годы Великой Отечественной войны многие его преподаватели и студенты мужественно сражались против немецко-фашистских захватчиков; большая их часть отдала свою жизнь за свободу и независимость нашей Родины. Полностью было уничтожено имущество института.

После освобождения Беларуси от врагов в июле 1944 года Могилевский государственный педагогический институт восстановил свою деятельность в составе трех факультетов: исторического, географического, языка и литературы. Со временем открывались новые факультеты. В 1970 году институт получил новый учебный корпус по улице Космонавтов – пятиэтажное здание с учебными аудиториями, лабораториями, спортивными залами, библиотекой, столовой.

В 1978 году институту присваивается имя классика белорусской литературы, уроженца Могилевщины Аркадия Кулешова. В 1997 году институт был преобразован в Могилевский государственный университет им. А.А. Кулешова.

Part Vi. AROUND THE CITY

Introductory text.

Small Towns and Big Cities.

Today, people all over the world are moving out of small towns in the country to go and live in big, noisy cities. They are moving from the peaceful hills, mountains, fields, rivers and streams of the countryside to the busy world of streets, buildings, traffic and crowds. This movement from rural areas to urban areas had been going on for over two hundred years.

In many countries, the main reason why people come to live in towns and cities is work. After one or two large factories or businesses have been built in or near a city, people come to find work, and soon an industrial area begins to grow. There is usually a residential area nearby, where the factory workers can live. The families of these workers need schools, hospitals and stores, so more people come to live in the area to provide these services – and so a city grows.

In every major city in the world, there is a business district where the big companies have their main offices. In the United States, this is usually in the downtown area of the city. It is there that you can see the huge sky-scrapers containing many floors of offices. The people who work here often travel a long way to work each day. Many of them live in the suburbs of the city, far away from the industrial and business area. Some suburbs are very pleasant, with nice houses and big yards. There are usually parks for children to play in and large department stores in shopping malls where you can buy all you need.

But what is the future of the big cities? Will they continue to get bigger and bigger? May be no. Some major cities have actually become smaller in the last ten years, and it is quite possible that one day we will see people moving out of the major cities and back into small towns.

A. Decide whether the statements are true or false according to the text.

1. Many people from small towns go to live in big cities.

2. Urban areas contain mainly hills, mountains, rivers and streams.

3. Many people go to live in urban areas to find work.

4. Factories are built inside residential areas.

5. Business districts are usually in the downtown area of the city.

6. Workers often live in skyscrapers in the suburbs.

7. The suburbs of a city usually contain more trees and parks than the downtown areas.

8. The movement from the country to city will definitely continue in the future.

Topical vocabulary

1. Populated areas.

1. city 2. capital 3. town 4. village 5. district 6. settlement

7. country 8. county 9. suburb 10. outskirts 11. the surroundings 12. rural area

13. urban area 14. residential area 15. housing estate 16. industrial estate

2. Roads.

1. avenue 2. boulevard 3. bystreet 4. canal

5. cross-road 6. embankment 7. square 8. highway

6. park 7. prospect 8. pavement / sidewalk 9. alley

3. Transport.

– means of communication – bus – underground / metro – trolleybus

– tram – bicycle – motorcycle – lorry

– a bus stop – to travel a short distance – to go by bus – to change on to another bus

4. Traffic.

– road traffic – traffic lights – direction sign

– the traffic is heavy – the traffic is light – route

– rush hours – traffic jam – to take a turning to the left

5. Constructions.

– monument – bridge

– playground – fountain

– arch – recreation centre

6. Associated activities.

1. to tell the way 2. to go straight 3. to explore 4. to surround

5. to go sightseeing 6. to see the sights 7. to be situated 8. to be lined with

9. to found 10. to cross 11. to pay the fare 12. to take a bus

Exercises

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