Uses of the infinitive (with to)

We use to + the infinitive after:

Some verbs (want, need, would, like)

It isn’t easy to find a job nice to meet you.

The negative infinitive is not to + verb

Try not to be late tomorrow

We use to + the infinitive to say why you do something

I came to this school to learn English

Listening

Read this article about the right things to say to different people at parties.in pairs guess how to complete the Don`t say phrases. What to say (and what not to say)to people at parties

If you`re talking to a doctor…..

Don’t say: I have a_________. Could you_________?

Say: You look tired. Would you like a drink?

If you`re talking to a teacher…..

Don’t say: You`re so lucky! you have_________.

Say: I`m sure it`s very difficult to motivate teenagers.

If you`re talking to a travel agent….

Don’t say:Can you recommend________?

Say: What`s the most interesting place you`ve ever been to?

If you`re talking to a hairdresser….

Don`t say: What do you think of ______? Is it too_____?

Say: What do you think will be the new style this year?

If you`re talking to a psychiatrist….

Don`t say: Are you______?

Say: do you work with children or adults?

Grammar test

1. They want____ to Australia

a) going b)to go c)go d)goes

2. Don`t forget ___ the restaurant

a) to phone b)phoning c)phone d)phones

3. I went to the travel agent`s___the truth

a) telling b)tell c)to tell d)told

4. I need ____ some new clothes

a) buying b)buy c)buys d) to buy

5. it`s important not ____ late

a) be b)being c)to be d) was

7. read article about parties. Complete the five rules with an infinitive.

To ask to be not to dominate to escape to get

To give to go to listen to meet to start to talk

Glossary

English	Russian	Kazakh
To survive	оставаться	қалу
To dominate	властвовать	үстемдік ету
To escape	спасаться	құтқарылу
To motivate	побуждать	түрткі болу
A hairdresser	парикмахер	шаштараз
A psychiatrist	психиатр	психиатр

СРС-SIW

1. Write on essay about your last party

2. write sentences on infinitives

СРСП-SIWT

1. Speak about a “party animal”

LITERATURE

1. English File by Clive Oxenden

Pre-Intermediate Oxford University press 2004

Page 52-53 ex.4,5(c)

2. R. Murphy “Essential grammar in USE”

Cambridge University press

Lesson-31

Text:Super phones

Not long ago it became known that cell phone manufacturers were experimenting with several different designs for the handheld devices that would be linked to the advanced wireless networks of the future. If these machines really are to become digital companions, they will have to be versatile, adaptable and fashionable (модный). Companies such as Nokia, Ericsson and Motorola are working on the third-generation «super phone» that will look quite different from existing cell phones. In fact, calling them phones seems absurd (неразумный). They will have built-in colour screens several inches square for presentation of high resolution graphics and video. Some may have a keyboard and miniature mouse for data input, but most of them will use touch-sensitive (сенсорный) screens and styluses (перо, пишущий узел) like those employed now by the handheld computers.

In addition to carrying voice communication, the super phone will also be able to play music files that are circulating on the Web in the most popular MP3 format (or in whatever format may replace it).

Объясните значение следующих словосочетаний.

Например: material properties- the properties of a material;

Colour monitor- a monitor that works in colour;

Company’s database- the database which belongs to the company

1. light beams

2. pixel number

3. eye movements

4. director’s computer

5. printing device

6. new generation computer

7. pocket-sized computer

8. handheld phones

9. high resolution display

10.high speed electronic circuits

11.computer controlled production equipment

Подберите к словам из колонки А их объяснение из колонки В.

A B

1. Pixel a. the maximum number pixels in horizontal and vertical directions of the

Screen

2. Monitor b. the results produced by a computer

3. Resolution c. the smallest element of a display surface

4. Character d. read the image as a series of pixels to enter information into the computer’s

Memory

5. Computer e. the picture tube of the display which is made of glass and contains a

Vacuum

6. CRT f. a CRT device which displays the computer output

7. Image g. a symbol available on the keyboard

8. Scan h. the machine that stores and processes data

9. Output I. a picture or what is seen on a television or computer screen

Заполните пропуски словами:

Pixel certain Web stylus chip perform CPU mouse

1. A … is a tiny piece of silicon containing a set of integrated circuits. 2. The … directs and coordinates the operations taking place within the computer system. 3. The arithmetic logic units … calculations on the data. 4. The common name for picture elements is….5. On colour systems, each pixel is a… combination of the three primary colours: red, green, and blue. 6. … is a system by which one can navigate through the Internet and find news, pictures, virtual museums, electronic magazines- any topic you can imagine. 7. What makes the … especially useful is that it is a very quick way to move around on a screen. 8. A…. is a pen-like input device used to write directly on the screen to enter data.

Answer the questions:

1. What would be linked to the advanced wireless networks of the future?

2.What companies worked on the third – generation “super phone”?

3.What are the features of super-phones?

4.How will the super phone be able to play music files?

5.What format may it replace?

Test

1.Call phones ____ were experimenting with different designs.

a) buyers b)manufactures c)customers d)fans

2.____ such as Nokia, Sony Ericsson and Motorola are working on the third – generation “super phone”

a)organization b)manufactures c)companies d)shops

3.Handheld devices would be linked to the ____

a)electricity b)wireless networks c)battery d)computers

4.They have a keyboard and miniatures mouse for____

a)data input b)watch c)computers d)TV

Glossary

English	Russian	Kazakh
Beams Handheld Output Input Generation	Луч Ручной Продукция Ввод Поколение	Сәуле Қолға ұстайтын Өнім Кіру Ұрпақ

SIW

Write an essay ”New generation mobile phone

SIWT

Exercises-4-5 p.124-125 Orlovskaya I.V. “English”

Literature: 1. Orlovskaya I.V.”English”-Moskow-2007

2. Raymond Murphy”Essential Grammar in Use”

3.John Eastwood”Oxford practice grammar”

Lesson-32

PAST CONTINUOUS

1. Past continuous - form.
The past continuous of any verb is composed of two parts: the past tense of the verb to be (was/were), and the base of the main verb + ing.

Subject	was/were	base-ing
They	were	watching
Affirmative
She	was	reading
Negative
She	wasn't	reading
Interrogative
Was	she	reading?
Interrogative negative
Wasn't	she	reading?

Example: to play, past continuous

Affirmative	Negative	Interrogative
I was playing	I was not playing	Was I playing?
You were playing	You were not playing	Were you playing?
He, she, it was playing	She wasn't playing	Was she playing?
We were playing	We weren't playing	Were we playing?
You were playing	You weren't playing	Were you playing?
They were playing	They weren't playing	Were they playing?

2. Past continuous, function
The past continuous describes actions or events in a time before now, which began in the past and was still going on at the time of speaking. In other words, it expresses an unfinished or incomplete action in the past.

It is used:

 often, to describe the background in a story written in the past tense, e.g. "The sun was shining and the birds were singing as the elephant came out of the jungle. The other animals were relaxing in the shade of the trees, but the elephant moved very quickly. She was looking for her baby, and she didn't notice the hunter who was watching her through his binoculars. When the shot rang out, she was running towards the river..."

 to describe an unfinished action that was interrupted by another event or action: "I was having a beautiful dream when the alarm clock rang."

 to express a change of mind: e.g. "I was going to spend the day at the beach but I've decided to go on an excursion instead."

 with 'wonder', to make a very polite request: e.g. "I was wondering if you could baby-sit for me tonight."

More examples:

a. They were waiting for the bus when the accident happened.
b. Caroline was skiing when she broke her leg.
c. When we arrived he was having a bath.
d. When the fire started I was watching television.

The past continuous
a. Use
The Past Continuous tense is used to express continuous, ongoing actions which took place in the past. In the following examples, the verbs in the Past Continuous tense are underlined.
e.g. He was traveling in Europe last summer.
They were playing tennis yesterday afternoon.

The Past Continuous tense is frequently used to refer to an ongoing action which was taking place when something else occurred in the past.
e.g. I was washing the dishes when the telephone rang.
We were entertaining friends when the parcel arrived.

In the first example, the use of the Past Continuous tense indicates that the action of washing the dishes was taking place at the time when the telephone rang. In the second example, the use of the Past Continuous tense indicates that the action of entertaining friends was taking place at the time when the parcel arrived.

b. Formation
The Past Continuous tense is formed from the Simple Past of the auxiliary to be, followed by the present participle of the verb. For example, the Past Continuous of the verb to work is conjugated as follows:

I was working

you were working

he was working

she was working

it was working

we were working

they were working

c. Questions and negative statements
As is the case with other English tenses, questions and negative statements in the Past Continuous are formed using the auxiliary.

Questions are formed by placing the auxiliary before the subject. For example:

Affirmative Statement	Question
I was working.	Was I working?
They were working.	Were they working?

Negative statements are formed by placing the word not after the
auxiliary. For example:

Affirmative Statement	Negative Statement
I was working.	I was not working.
They were working.	They were not working.

In spoken English, the contractions wasn't and weren't are often used.

Negative questions are formed by placing the auxiliary before the subject, and the word not after the subject. However, when contractions are used, the contracted form of not immediately follows the auxiliary. The following are examples of negative questions with and without contractions:

Without Contractions	With Contractions
Was I not working?	Wasn't I working?
Were they not working?	Weren't they working?

Tag questions are formed using the auxiliary. In the following examples, the negative tag questions are underlined. Contractions are usually used in negative tag questions. For example:

Affirmative Statement	Affirmative Statement with Tag Question
I was working.	I was working, wasn't I?
They were working.	They were working, weren't they?

SIW

Make a dialogue"What were you doing yesterday at...?"

SIWT

p.290-ex.227,228

Literature

1.Ionina A.A.English Grammar

2 “English Grammar in use’ by R. Murphy.

Lesson-33

Past Simple regular and irregular verbs

1. We use the Past Simple to talk about finished action in the past. We went on holiday

2. We use the infinitive after. Did …? And didn’t for negatives and questions.

Did you go on holiday?

I didn’t go on holiday.

3. To make the past simple + of regulars verbs we add + ed

Many common verbs are irregular for example: go – went

	I You He She It We They	stayed went	in a hotel on holiday
	Ididn’t stayin a hotel He didn’t goon holiday You didn’t stayin a hotel
Did	I You He She It We They	stayin a hotel goon holiday

Did you stayin a hotel? Yes, I did. Did you goon holiday? No, I didn’t

+ P +V2 (ed)+ …..- P + did not+ V1+…? Did + P+ V1+…

Grammar test

1.Выберите правильный вариант:

We ____ pupils two years ago

a) were b) was c) is d) are

2. Выберите правильный вариант ответa:

Today the weather ____ nice, but yesterday it ____cold.

a) is/is b) was/was c) is/were d) is/was

3. Выберите правильный вариант перевода:

I was not there.

a) Я тaм не был b) Я сейчас там c) Я буду там d) Меня нет

4. ______ some the after in out city two years ago.

a) Are they b) there were c) are there d) there was

Radio.

Great progress has been made in radio engineering, radio communications, radio broadcasting and television since the day when the Russian scientist Alexander Popov demonstrated his “storm indicator” which was the prototype of modern radio receivers.

In the modern world, radio and television play an important role as mass media of information, and as a means of people`s political and cultural education. Radio and television like no other information media enable millions of Soviet people to feel like immediate participants in events occurring far away from their homes.

The Central Radio Broadcasting Station has seven channels for the Soviet Union which operate for a total of 140 hours a day.

The voice of Soviet radio is heard all over the world. Programmers to other countries are conducted in 79 Languages and total 210 hours a day.

Modern means of radio engineering cover the greater part of the world with long, medium and ultra-short radio-waves. Nevertheless, the technical means are begin perfected. The number of radio stations in our country is growing constantly. The inter-town lines for programmers which are to be relayed via local radio stations and radio centers are to double. The number of receivers will be increased from 86 million to 132 million (including 80 million radio sets and 52 million radio receivers)

In connection with the growth of radio broadcasting and with the ideas of perfecting its quality, it is planned to build for Moscow`s Central Radio Broadcasting Station another technological-studio unit with 56 broadcasting studios and a large concert studio. This unit will be housed in a thirty-storey building which will de connected with the central building of the USSR Radio House in Pyatnitskaya Street. The new technological studio unit will be fitted with the most modern transistor devices.

EXERCISES

A

Choose the proper word and put it into the blank space:

1. Radio is a popular … of communication.

2. Radio receivers … millions of people to learn about events occurring in different parts of the world.

3. Modern studio units are … transistor devices.

4. Modern means of radio engineering are of high …

5. The Central Station operates for a … of 140 hours a day.

1. double, enable

2. total, period

3. means, channel

4. medium, quality

5. perfected with, flitted with

B

Put questions the answers given in the right-hand column:

1. What mass media …?

2. In what range …?

3. With what waves …?

1. In the modern word, radio and television are the most popular mass media of information.

2. The voice of the Soviet radio is heard all over the world

3. Modern means of communication cover the world with long, medium and ultra-short radio waves.

SIWT Student’s individual work with teacher

Discussing about mass media

Talk about your favorite mass media

3. Literature: English File by Clive Oxenden Intermediate Oxford University Press.

Additional Literature: R. Murphy “Essential Grammar in Use” Cambridge University Press

Lesson-34

Text: ELECTRON TUBES

Let us consider electron tubes. Electron tubes in use nowadays are a diode, a triode, a tetrode and a pentode. The main parts of electron tubes are electrodes. Electrodes are placed into a glass or metal bulb.

A diode contains the cathode and the plate. When a diode operates the cathode emits electrons, the plate collects.

A triode contains the cathode, the plate and the control grid. When the tube operates the cathode emits electrons, the plate collects them and the grid controls the flow of electrons. There-fore, the grid is called a control grid.

A tetrode contains the cathode, the plate, the control grid and the screen grid.

When a tube operates it may oscillate. The function of the screen grid is to eliminate oscillations. There-fore it is called a screen grid.

A pentode contains two electrodes and three grids: the control grid, the screen grid and the suppressor grid. When a pentode operates the suppressor grid eliminates the secondary emission.

Common troubles in tubes are an open heater and low emission. These troubles result from constant use or from some other reason. In case a tube has a trouble it stops operating or operates badly. A tube with a trouble should be replaced by another one.

EXERCISES

A

Find the correct variant. Remember it:

A pentode contains

a) the cathode, the plate, two screen grids and the suppressor grid

b) the cathode, the plate, the control grids, the screen grid and the suppressor grid

Tetrode contains

c) the cathode, the plate, the suppressor grid and the screen grid

d) the cathode, the plate, the suppressor grid and control grid

Answer the questions:

1.What electron tubes are in use?

2.What are the main parts of electron tubes?

3.What does a diode contain?

4. What does a triode contain

5.What does a tetrode contain?

6. What electrodes contain a pentode?

7.What common troubles in tubes?

Test

.1. The main parts of electron tubes are_________

a}batteries b}electrodes c}wires d}plates

2_____ contains the cathode and the plate.

a}a pentode b}tetrode c}triode d}diode

3. _____ contains the cathode, the plate and the control grid.

a}a pentode b}tetrode c}triode d}diode

4._____contains the cathode, the plate, the control grid and the screen grid.

a}a pentode b}tetrode c}triode d}diode

5. _______ contains two electrodes and three grids: the control grid, the screen grid and the suppressor grid.

a}a pentode b}tetrode c}triode d}diode

Glossary

English	Russian	Kazakh
Tubes	лампы	жарықшам
to contain	вместить	орналастыру
grid	решётка	тор
emits	испускать	жіберу
suppress	подавлять	қысу

SIW

Find and learn 10-12 words, write examples

SIWT

Retelling the text

Literature: 1. Orlovskaya I.V.”English”-Moskow-2007

2. Raymond Murphy”Essential Grammar in Use”

Lesson-35

VOCABULARY phrasal verbs

Match the question 1-7 with the pictures A-G

1 What time do you wake up in the morning?

2 Do you use an alarm clock to wake up?

3 Do you turn off the alarm clock to wake up?

4 What's the first thing you turn on after you wake up?

5 Do you get up immediately after you wake up?

6 How do you fell when you first get up?

7 When you fell when you first get up?

GRAMMAR word order of phrasal verbs

b) Complete the rules about separable phrasal verbs in each sentence.

1 If the object of a phrasal verb is a ______, you can put it after the verb + up, on, etc.

OR between the verb and up, on, etc.

2 If the object of a phrasal verb is a ______, you must put it between the verb and up, on, etc.

D) Match the sentences. Then cover the sentences on the right. Try to remember them.

1 Your mobile's ringing. [ ] A A You need to give it up.

2 This is an important rule. [ ] B Put them away.

3 I can't hear the music. [ ] C Turn it up.

4 If you don't know what the words mean. [ ] D Throw it away.

5 This is an immigration form. [ ] E Turn it off.

6 Coffee is bad for you. [ ] F Please fill it in.

7 Your clothes are on the floor. [ ] G Write it down.

8 That's rubbish. [ ] H look them up.

___________________________________________________

READING

Do you know what these scientific words and expressions mean?

_______________________________________

a gene DNA your 'body clock' research_

Read the a article about morning and evening people.

Choose a, b, or c.

Scientists say that if we are bad at getting up

In the morning, this is because

a we are born like that.

b we go to bed too late.

c we drink too match coffee.

Researchers asked people questions about

A the way they lived.

b science.

c sport and exercise.

3 They discovered that people who have a short 'clock' gene

a are better in the morning than

b get tired very early.

c should only work late and finish late.

4 They recommend that people who have a long 'clock' gene

a should only work in the afternoon and evening.

b should start work early and finish early.

c should start work late and finish late.

LISTENING & SPEAKING

A) Listen to David being interviewed by a researcher.

Is he a morning or evening person?

b) Listen again and write down David's answers

1) What do you do?

2) When do you work?

3) What time do you get up in the morning?

4) If you have an exam, do you study best in

the morning, afternoon, or at night?

5) If you do exercise, when do you prefer

to do it?

6) Do you like your working hours?

(school/university timetable)?

7) Why (not)?

8) Would you like to change them (it)? How?

C) Interview your partner using the questions in

b. Is he / she a morning or evening person?

___________________________________________________

Are you allergic to mornings?

Are you somebody who can't wake up in the morning? Do you need

two cups of coffee before you can start a new day? Do you feel awful

when you first wake up? Scientists say it's all because of our genes.

How did they find this out? Researchers from the University of Surrey

interviewed 500 people. They asked them questions about their lifestyle,

for example what time of day they preferred to do exercise and how difficult

they found it to wake up in the morning. Scientists then compared their

answers to the people's DNA.

They discovered that we all have a 'clock' gene, also called a Period 3

gene. This gene can be long or short. People who have the long gene

are usually people who are very good in the morning, but who get

tired quite early at night. People who have the short gene are usually

people who are more active at night but who have problems waking

up early in the morning. How does it help us to know if we should try to

change our working. how does it help us to know if we have the

long or short gene? Scientist say that, if possible, we should try to

change our working hours to fit our 'body clock'. If you are a

'morning person' then you could start work early and finish early.

But if you are bad in the mornings, then it might be better to start

work in the afternoon and work untill late at night. So maybe, instead

of nine to five it should be seven to three or twelve to eight.

Glossary

English	Russian	Kazakh
research	иследовать	зерттеу
discover	открыть	ашу
scientist	ученый	оқымысты
prefer	предпочитать	санау
compare	сравнивать	салыстыру
to be tired	уставать	шаршау

SIW

Name10-15 phrasal verbs and write sentences

SIWT

Exercise3-5 p.92-93

New English File-Pre-Intermediate

Literature:

1.New English File by Clive Оxenden

Pre-Intermediate

Oxford University Press,2007

2.“English Grammar in Use” by Raymond Murphy

Lesson-36

Talking via Space

Communication has come a long way from the time when an In ----- beat drum (барабан) in the forest to the time when a cliental ---------- messages from a satellite. In this space age communication has ------ a highly developed field. The system of communication in large countries is unthinkable today without space satellites. Besides large distances, there is a great time difference: the territories of sonic countries comprise up to II zones. Satellites help to minimize all the difficulties that may appear. They rapidly transmit TV and radio programs to different towns, cities, and distant areas.

Space systems and electronic technology have made it possible to set up an automatic system of communication designed for rapid transmission of all kinds of information

People write letters and send telegrams. But at the same time people living in various cities like to exchange (обмениваться) news on the telephone. Statistics reports that the number of long- distance telephone calls is about 2, 000 million per year. A person in Moscow talking on the phone with Vladivostok must know that his conversation is carried on through a satellite.

Trains and cars can use mobile radio telephones to make calls. Businessmen can use Fax machines which provide electronic transmission o of documents and messages over telephone lines. Even photographs can be sent and received over telephone wires.

Practically all the population in large countries can watch TV via satellites. The orbital communication systems make it possible o people from different continents to see and hear one another. The importance of space means of communication is increasing try year-. The communication satellites of the international organization “INTERSAT” enable people to keep reliable telephone, telegraph, telex and fax communication in any weather with ships practically in every part of the World Ocean.

Дополнительные задания

A Прочитайте следующие выражения из текста 4А и посторайтесь догодаться о значений выделенных слов и слоа\восочетаний.

1. TV sets began coming off factory assembly lines

2. on people’s life and way of thinking

3. it weighed less than a pound

4. the desired channel

5. when you are occupied

В Подберите к каждому выделенному слову или словосочетанию соответствующие ему по значению.

a. unit of weight

b. programme

c. busy with smth.

English	Russian	Kazakh
to be occupied	быть занятым	Бос болмау
channel	канал	арна
satellite	спутник	ғарыш
exchange	обмениваться	ауысу
transmission	передача	беру

SIW: Retell the text

SIWT: Write a report

Literature: 1. Orlovskaya I.V.”English”

2. Raymond Murphy ”Essential Grammar in Use”

Lesson 37

Passive: be + past participle

Present

Risotto is made with rise It isn’t made with pasta. Is it made with meat? These offices are cleaned every morning. They aren’t cleaned on Saturdays Are they cleaned on Sundays?

Past

Guernica was painted by Picasso. It wasn’t painted by Dali. When was it painted? The pyramids were built by the Egyptians. They weren’t built by the Greeks. Why were they built?

You can often say things in two ways, in the active or in the passive.

Picasso painted Guernica. (active) Guernica was painted by Picasso. (passive)

In the active sentence, the focus is more on the person (e.g. Guernica).

You can also use the passive when it’s not known or not important who does or did the action.

My car was stolen last week.(I don’t know who stole it.)

Make the present passive with am /is/are+ past participle.

Make the past passive with was/ were+ the past participle.

Use by to say who did the action

The Lord of the Rings was written by Tolkien.

GRAMMAR passive

a. Make five true sentences using the words in the chart.

The dishwasher is called Tipp-Ex today.

Disposable nappies was invented by Marion Donovan

More than 55 million nappies are protected every day

Mrs Graham’s invention were invented by the bullet-proof vest.

Policemen all over the world are used by an American woman.

The dishwasher was invented by an American woman.

b. Look at these two sentences and answer the questions.

a. An American woman invented the dishwasher.

b. The dishwasher was invented by an American woman.

1. Do the sentences have the same meaning?

2. Do the sentences have the same emphasis?

3. Which sentence is in the passive?

Complete with present or past passive.

The Eiffel Tower was built in 1889. (built)

1.All the singer’s clothes ______specially for her. (make)

2.The grass _______every month. (cut)

3.Australia ______by Captain Cook in 1770. (discover)

4.This morning I ______ up by the neighbor’s dog. (wake)

5.Cricket ________in the summer in the UK. (play)

6.These songs ________last year. (record)

7.Most children ________in state schools. (educate)

b. Rewrite the sentences in the passive.

Shakespeare wrote Hamlet in 1603.

Hamlet was written by Shakespeare in 1603.

1.Last night the police stopped us.

Last night we ___________________.

2.American teenagers eat a lot of fast food.

A lot of fast food______________________.

3.Toulouse-Lautrec painted At the Moulin Rouge.

At the Moulin Rouge _______________.

4.The marketing manager organizes weekly meetings.

Weekly meetings __________________.

5.The Italians make Fiat cars.

Fiat cars _______________.

Grammar test

1. Angela _______ the job

a) offered b) was offered c) offers d) was offering

2. First _______ by Popov

a) was invented b) invents c) is inventing d) invent

3. Hamlet ______ by W. Shakespeare

a) write b) wrote c) was written d) writes

4. Monuments _________ by architectors

a) is building b) builds c) build d) was built

5. The thieves _______ by policemen

a) was arrested b) wee arrested c) arrest d) arrests

3 READING & VOCABULARY

Did you know…?

Text-messaging was invented by the Finnish company Nokia. They wanted to help Finnish teenagers, who were very shy. They found it easier to text their friends than to phone them.

The fist bikini was _________by who Frenchmen. It was ________after Bikini Atoll, the island where the atomic bomb was first tested. The Frenchmen thought that the bikini would have a similar effect on men as a bomb exploding.

Light bulbs are _________specially to last only a certain number of hours. It would be possible to make light bulbs that lasted forever, but then the manufacturers wouldn’t make so much money.

The first Harry Potter book was ________in a cafй in Edinburgh. JK Rowling was unemployed, and she didn’t have enough money to pay for heating, so she wrote it in the cafй where it was warmer.

Although penicillin was _________by Alexander Fleming, he didn’t know how to make it into a medicine. It was first made into a medicine ten years later, by an Australian scientist Howard Florey.

Spiders were _______as a cure for toothache in the 17^th century. They were first made into a paste, and then put on the bad tooth.

Sherlock Holmes, the great detective was _________by writer Arthur Conan Doyle. Holmes was _________on a real person- Doyle’s teacher at medical school, who was famous for saying to his students, ‘What can you tell me by just observing the patient?’

SIW

Write sentences in the Passive Voice.

SIWT

Work book p p 64-65

Literature

1. New English file by Clive Oxenden Oxford University Press English

2. “Grammar in use” by Raymond Murphy.

Lesson-38, 39

Grammar

Used to/ didn’t to

I You He She used to It wear glasses We They

I You He She Didn’t It wear glasses We They

I You He Did she use to wear glasses? We They

I You He Yes she did We they

I You He No She didn’t. We They

Text

A famous rebel-but was he really?

Mick Jogger went bask to his old school recently- for the first time since he left in 1961. He was invited to the school to open the ‘Mick Jogger Performing Arts centre’, a new music and drama department at Dartford Grammar School.

Jogger said that he was ‘honored’ that the centre was named after him. But in a newspaper interview two days before he told a journalist that in fact he hated school and that he used to be a rebel.

He didn’t use to do the homework-‘there was far too much’-and he was continually at war with the teachers. He used to break the rules all the time, especially rules he thought were stupid, about how to wear the school uniform and things like that. Once he even organized a mass protest against ‘appalling’ school dinners. ‘It was probably the greatest contribution to school I ever made’, he said. Although he made a good start at school, Jogger said his school work deteriorated because of’ music and girls’.

However, according to one of his old school friends, musician Dick Taylor, this is not true. He says that Mick didn’t use to be a rebel at all-he was quite bright and used to work hard. He also used to do a lot of sports.

When Mick Jogger left school, he had seven O-levels and two A-levels, which at that time were good qualifications- so perhaps Dick’s memory is better that Mick’s…

Test

Mick Gagger left school in_________

a)1961 b)1968 c)1971 d)1982

Mick didn’t use to the

a)business b) homework c) problem d)break

Once he organized______

a) cooperation b)presentation c) mass problem d) party

Mick didn’t to be______

a) a musician b) a rebel c) politician d) a businessman

One of his old school friends was_______

a) Dick Taylor b) Dyson c) Biro d) Nick

Speaking

a. Think about when you were 11 or 12. Were these things true or false about you? Why?

I used to be a rebel I used to a lot of sport

I used to work hard I used to wear glasses

I used to like all the teachers I used to wear a uniform

I used to hate school I used to have longer hair

b. Work in groups of three

A tell B and C about how you used to be. B and C listen and ask for more information. Then swap roles. Did you have anything in common.

I didn’t use to be a rebel. I was a good boy

Glossary

English	Russian	Kazakh
Department to contribute qualifications protest	отдел вкладывать квалификация протест	Бөлім салу біліктілік қарсылық

SIW

Write a composition about your school.

SIWT

Retell the text

Literature:

1. New English file by Clive Oxenden Oxford University Press

2. “English Grammar in use” by R. Murphy.

Lesson-40

Is there an End to the Computer Race?

Today the word “electronics” is in general usage. Millions of people have electron watches. There are a lot of various radio and TV sets, video cassette recorders and CD players in our houses. In factories and plants we are surrounded with electronically controlled machines and instruments, we are carried by airplanes, ships, trains and cars with built-in electronic devices and satellites circle the globe. In other words, we are living in an electronic world.

And the centre of this world is a tiny silicon plate of a few square millimeters, an integrated circuit, or a ship, as it is more commonly known. The integrated circuit is undoubtedly one of the most sophisticated inventions of man, science and technology. It is in the heart of every electronic device and the more cassette recorders, TV sets and computers we need, the more integrated circuits are required.

When we speak about a further development of computers we mean not only quantity, but also high technology and high speed. As the operation of an integrated circuit depends on microscopic “components”, the purity of all materials and the cleanness at the plant they are produced at must be of the highest quality. A continuous search is going on in laboratories throughout the world for more perfect, reliable and high speed electronic circuits.

In the past it took scientists and researchers a whole lifetime to make a few thousand calculations, whereas for a modern computer this task is a matter of a few seconds. At present computers capable of performing billions of operations a second are required. Super computers are different from ordinary computers. The computer does the computations operation by operation, while the supercomputer operates like a brain: all operations are being done simultaneously.

In the next few years engineers will complete the work on computers of above 2 billion operations a second. It will take a few more years to produce a 10 billion operations computer. The fight-generation computers performing 100 billion operations a second will become available in the near future. Is there an end to this race?

According to some researchers, we are close to what can be regarded as a true physical limit. But other specialists think that photons will make the operation a thousand time faster. This means that in the future it will be possible to expect the appearance of photon computers and that computations will be done by means of light. Light has several advantages over electronics: light beams are faster, travel in parallel lines and can pass through one another without interference. Already, the optical equivalent of a transistor has been produced, and intensive research on optical-electronic computers is being carried out in a number of countries around the world. In a few decades a new age of light may replace the still youthful electronic age. The race is going on.

Glossary

English	Russian	Kazakh
1. Silicon plate 2. integrated circuit 3. chip 4. sophisticated 5. high technology 6. it takes… 7. interference	криемнивая пластина интегральная схема кристалл сложный передовая технология требуется взаимное влияние, помеха	Cиликон тәрелке Интегральді жүйе Кристалл күрделі алдыңғы қатарлытехнология керек аралық

A) Answer the questions according to the text

1. What is the text about?

2. What new things appeared in people’s everyday life after World War?

3. What is at the center of all these things?

4. What applications of computers do you know?

5. Where else may computers be used?

6. How does an ordinary computer (super computer) operate?

7. What is the speed of a new super computer?

8. What is the task of engineers in the field of computer development?

9. What types of computers do you know?

10. What are the prospects in the development of computers?

SIW: Write a short summary

SIWT: Retell the text

LITERATURE

1. Liz and John Soars: “New Headway”, Oxford University Press, 2003.

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