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computer literacy [ ] — компьютерная грамотность

problem-solving device — устройство, обеспечивающее решение задачи

be aware of [ ] — понимать, сознавать

opportunity [ ] — возможность

basics [ ] — основы

application [ ] — применение; использование

to restate [ ] — пересмотреть, переосмыслить

significant [ ] — значительный

achievements [ ] — достижения

computing [ ] — вычисление; счет; работа на компьютере

to embrace [ ] — охватывать

dimension [ ] — измерение

instruction [ ] — команда, инструкция, указание

to direct the operation — направлять работу

to process [ ] — обрабатывать

subscription magazine [ ]— журнал по подписке

data processing system [ ] — система обработки данных

store manager [ ] — директор магазина

to have much in common — иметь много общего

Unit 2. Development of Microelectronics 26

13. Прочтите текст (по вариантам) и озаглавьте его. Вы­
полните письменный перевод текста по вариантам.

* * *

1. It is well known that the quick development of electron­ics began with the invention of transistors. They replaced elec­tronic tubes due to their numerous advantages. One of the main advantages of the transistors in comparison with the vacuum tube is absence of filament power loss. One of the principal causes of damages in electronic circuitry is high temperature. The heat causes breakdown of tubes and other circuit elements that are very sensitive to this influence. The transistor, on the other hand, does not heat its surroundings.

Another advantage of the transistor is its long life. The life of the average transistor is more than ten thousand operating hours. Because of its long lifetime and raggedness, the transis­tor is very reliable and has much better efficiency in professional equipment.

2. As we know, transistors replaced electronic tubes due to their numerous advantages. One of the advantages of the tran­sistor is its small dimensions. Because of their small size, the absence of heating and other properties, transistors make it pos­sible to produce compact, small-dimensioned electronic devices which consume very little power.

In conclusion it is important to note that transistors revolu­tionized many fields of technology. They are successfully used for direct transformation of heat energy by means of thermal elements. They are also used to convert radiant energy into elec­tricity with the help of photocells or solar batteries. Light sources and lasers are built on the basis of transistors. They find wide application in computers, automatic devices, aviation, commu­nication, etc.

Notes

Filament power loss — отсутствие потери энергии на нити нака­ла

7 Английский язык. Основы компьютерной грамотности

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1. What does "a computer-literate person" mean? 2. Are you aware of the potential of computers to influence your life? 3. What do the people mean by "the basics"? 4. What is the role of computers in our society? 5. What is "computing'? 6. What is a program? 7. Prove that we all are on the way to becoming computer-literate. 8. Give examples of using computers in ev­eryday life.

4. Прочтите, переведите и запомните следующие выраже­ния:

An information-dependent society; a computer-literate cit­izen; an everyday problem-solving device; to be aware; to in­fluence the quality of life; to have an opportunity; to learn the basics; to learn computing; the most significant technical achievements; to embrace computer literacy; to prepare pro­grams; to direct the operations of a computer; to be on the way of becoming computer-literate; to process information; to have much in common; a data processing system.

Unit 2. Development of Microelectronics 24

11. Переведите следующие слова. Обратите внимание на то, что префиксы dis-, in-, un-_y поп-, ir - придают сло­вам отрицательное значение.

dis-: disadvantage; disconnect; disappear, disclose; discom­fort; discontinue; discount; discredit; discriminate; disintegrate.

in-: invisible; inaccurate; inactive; incapable; incompact; insignificant; inhuman; informal; ineffective; indifferent; inde­cisive; inconsumable; incorrect.

un-; uncontrollable; unbelievable; unable; unchanged; un­comfortable; uncommunicative; undisciplined; unexpected; unfavourable; unforgettable; unkind.

поп-: non-effective; non-aggressive; noncomparable; non-computable; nonconstant; noncontrollable; nondigital; nondi-mensional; nonprogrammable; nonusable.

Ir-; irregular; irrelative; irresponsive; irrational; irreplaceable; irrecognizable.

9 Английский язык. Основы компьютерной грамотности

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