Exercises. I. Use the following words and phrases in sentences of your own:

I. Use the following words and phrases in sentences of your own:

drawing, to measure, to involve, mating part, accuracy, slide gauges, vernier calipers, depth gauges, clearance gauges, micrometer, inside calipers, outside calipers, to graduate, internal diameters, to slide, adjusting screws, lock nut, tapped hole

II. Translate the following groups of words, paying attention to the meaning of suffixes:

to measure, measuring, measurable, measured, measurement; to compare, comparative, compared, comparison; to signify, significant, significance; to depend, depending, dependence, dependent; to graduate, graduated, graduation; accuracy, accurate; precise, precision; general, generally, generation

III. Supply synonyms for the following words:

to place, inside, outside, to be similar, according to, with reference to

IV. Fill in the blanks with prepositions in accordance with, by means of, within, for, to, of:

1. Machine parts should be manufactured... their respective drawing. 2.... a micrometer it is possible to make measurements to a very high degree of accuracy. 3. Calipers are used for measurements to... 0.18 mm. 4. Measuring tools should be chosen... the machine part to be measured. 5. The micrometer is an instrument... measuring directly... thousandths, and estimating to quarter thousandths an inch,... its range.

V. Translate the following sentences observing different meanings of the words in italics:

1. The principle involved in the operation of the micrometer is explained in technical text-books. 2. The instruction on the use of this dial indicator is rather involved. 3. These drawings and their explanations are given to illustrate the principles involved. A. Different kinds of instruments are used to measure holes of considerable depth. 5. A millimeter is a measure of length. 6. Steel plates usually vary by sixteenths of an inch. 7. By dividing the load required to break the specimen by its area, the ultimate tensile strength of material is obtained. 8. By accuracy of form is meant not only the exact duplication of irregular pro files, but also the accuracy of form embodied in squares, true cylinders, cones, etc.

VII. (a) Translate the following text using a dictionary:

A range of optical instruments for measuring surface finish, which are relatively inexpensive and of very robust design, and afford the advantage that they can readily be applied under both workshop and inspection-room conditions, is being produced by many plants. Known as optical devices, these units are of modern designs. The portable device is intended for checking the relatively coarse finishes produced by planing, turning, and milling. With this device a beam of light

is directed past a straight, opaque edge, and through a lens at an angle of 45' to the work surface, and the line of intersection is observed at an angle of 90° to the light beam, through the eyepiece of the microscope.

(b) Make up three questions on the basis of this text and answer them.

VIII. Make up questions concerning the measuring tools shown in Figs 11, 12 and answer them.

IX. Using the following words and word combinations describe the principle of operation of the vernier calipers shown in Fig. 13:

vernier calipers, to be used, to measure, external and internal sizes, a part, to consist of, steel scale, four jaws, two jaws, to be attached, the frame, to slide, the scale, the first two jaws, to be used, measuring external surfaces, the Other two jaws, measuring internal' surfaces, the depth, to be measured, a spindle

X. Giving answers to the following questions describe the principle of operation of the micrometer shown in Fig 14:

1. What is a micrometer? 2. What is the function of the graduated thimble of the micrometer? 3. What is the scale on the micrometer barrel used for? 4. Where is the part placed for measurement? 5. How is the part pressed to the anvil and how is the micrometer reading taken?

XI. Describe the measuring tools shown in Figs 15, 16, and 18.

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