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I. Find all the international words in the text and translate them into Russian.
II. Pay attention to the pronunciation of the following words:
Determine, within, occur, treacherous, current, embankment, disastrous, flood, suburb, figure, capacity, requirement, clearance, eliminate, provide, lieutenant.
III. Find the equivalents in the text:
Происходить, располагать, определять, появляться, наводнение, набережная, внешний вид, пригород, главный, требование, обеспечивать, подмостовый габарит.
IV. Match the equivalents:
V. Match the Synonyms:
VI. Translate the sentences, paying attention to the predicate:
1. Each bridge has its own distinctive features. 2. The foundation of a bridge has to be very secure. 3. Since 1924 foundations of all the newly-built bridges have been raised above the level of the worst flood recorded in the history of St-Petersburg. 4. Some old bridges over the Neva have to be reconstructed to meet the modern requirements. 5. The oldest permanent bridge, named after Lieutenant Schmidt has been completely reconstructed.
VII. Pay attention to the translation of the underlined words:
a) both + N - оба
both… and - как … так
1. Both banks were high enough to permit the desired clearance for a bridge. 2. The river bottom consisted of both hard rock and hard clay. 3. In designing a bridge both the dead load and the live load must be taken into consideration.
b) longer - длиннее
no longer – больше не
1. The central span of the new bridge is several metres longer than the old one. 2. The old bridge could no longer meet the modern traffic requirements.
VIII. Pay attention to the translation of the underlined words:
1. When an old bridge cannot meet the modern traffic requirements it means that it must be reconstructed. 2. The mean level of water in the Neva varies. 3. The steel spans of the Lieutenant Schmidt Bridge were made by means of electric welding. 4. There were no means of crossing the river except ferry boats.
IX. Translate the sentences into Russian, paying attention to the infinitive in the function of an attribute:
1. The bridge to be reconstructed was opened to traffic in 1850. 2. The Lieutenant Schmidt Bridge was the first permanent bridge to cross the Neva. 3. The draw bridge to be repaired does not meet the modern traffic requirements. 4. The first embankment to be built of stone appeared about 200 years ago.
X. Read the text without a dictionary:
ST-PETERSBURG BRIDGES
The Palace Bridge was designed by Pshenitsky and opened to traffic in 1916. Its total length being 250 metres. This is a deck bridge.
The Troitsky Bridge was designed by a group of French engineers. It was opened to traffic in 1903. Its total length being 582 metres. The swing span of the bridge was removed and replaced by a bascule one.
The Liteiny Bridge was designed by engineer Struve and architect Cavos. It was put into operation in 1879. The total length is 408 metres. This was the first bridge provided with electric lighting. It is well known for its beautiful wrought iron railings.
The Big Okhta Bridge is a through type. It was designed by engineer Krivoshein. It was put into operation in 1911. The total length is 335 metres.
The Alexander Nevsky Bridge is the longest in our town. Its length is about 1000m and its width is 35 m. It is designed by a group of engineers of the Leningrad Bridge Construction Organization.
The Finlandsky Railway Bridge was designed by Belelubsky and Krivoshein and was put into operation in 1911. It is a through type.
The Volodarsky Bridge was designed by professor Peredery and architect Nickolsky. It was opened to traffic in 1937. Its total length is 325 m. It is a through type also.
XI. Give the definition to a draw bridge.
XII. Speak about deck bridges over the Neva.
XIII. Speak about through bridges over the Neva.
VI
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