EXERCISES. I. Find the equivalents in the text.

I. Find the equivalents in the text.

II. Match the synonyms:

1. fasten 1. fabrication
2. roadway 2. apply
3. assembly 3. deck
4. use 4. attach

III. Match the antonyms:

1. above 1. weak
2. high 2. tension
3. strong 3. below
4. compression 4. through bridge
5. deck bridge 5. low

IV. Pay attention to the translation of the word “for”:

1. так как

for 2. для

3. в течение

1. For the erection of the arch a cableway was used. 2. The great advantage of concrete is that it does not need any masonry, for the whole bridge is a monolith structure. 3. For forty years Gustav Lindental was fighting for his project for the Hell Gate Bridge.

V. Find in the text all the participles (I and II) and translate the sentences.

VI. Translate the sentences, paying attention to the gerunds:

1. The method of erecting the steel arch itself is interesting. 2. It was built by cantilevering out from both abutments. 3. An ingenious erection method was used for raising segments of the arch. 4. Then riveting and painting were done. 5. This is one of the methods of building bridges.

VII. Find in the text the sentences with “would” and pay attention to the translation of the predicates.

VIII. Translate into Russian, paying attention to the infinitives and the infinitive constructions:

1. The king post is found to be in compression. 2. The wire ropes are well known to be in tension. 3. The king post is used to prevent sagging. 4. The bridge to be built is a deck bridge. 5. We know the through bridge to be under construction in our city. 6. To repair the old bridge in a month’s time was very difficult. 7. Reinforced concrete bridges are found all over the world, but France seems to have a particular genius for this type of construction.

IX. Give the definition to:

a) a through truss and a through bridge

b) a deck truss, a deck bridge

X. Read the following text without a dictionary and render the main idea of the text:

THE SYDNEY HARBOUR BRIDGE

The Sydney Harbour Bridge, like the Hell Gate Bridge, carries four railroad tracks, but in addition it carries a wide roadway and sidewalks. The dead weight of the span is approximately 57 500 pounds per foot, as compared with 52 000 for the Hell Gate span. The city of Sydney, Australia, is one of the most important cities and trade centers of the world. Situated on a superb natural harbour the city has grown chiefly on the south side, because the north side could be reached only by ferry or by a detour route ten miles long. Many proposals for a bridge had been made, some of them dating back a century or more and most of these had chosen for site actually occupied by the present structure.

This bridge is designed to carry far heavier loads than all other previous bridges. The Sydney Harbour Bridge had two records: it was the heaviest arch-truss bridge, and it was the widest long bridge. Today with a total of eight vehicle lanes, the bridge carries over 100 000 cars, buses and lorries daily.

XI. Compare the Hell Gate Bridge to the Sydney Harbour Bridge.

V

ST-PETERSBURG DRAW BRIDGES

St-Petersburg is situated on both banks of the Neva River. The planning of St-Petersburg was determined by its position on the Neva. The Neva is 74 kilometres long, 13 of them being within the city limits.

The Neva is a very treacherous river. There have been more than 300 floods in St-Petersburg. The last of five most disastrous floods occurred in 1924.

The first embankments which were made of wood were built at the time when the city was founded. The first section to be built of stone appeared about 200 years ago. Later, parapets and sidewalks appeared. The embankments also have granite staircases leading to the water. When the city was being built, there were temporary bridges made by tying a row of barges at anchor together. Now St-Petersburg has 360 bridges. Together with those in the suburbs the figure will be 600. Each bridge has its own distinctive appearance. All bridges over the Neva are draw bridges.

The oldest permanent bridge is the Lieutenant Schmidt Bridge. It was designed by engineer Kerbedz and architect Brullov. The bridge was opened to traffic in 1850. In the twenties of the present century it became necessary to reconstruct the bridge. The old bridge could no longer meet the modern traffic requirements and it did not provide proper clearance for passing ships.

The new bridge had to eliminate all the defects of the old structure. The steel spans were made by means of electric welding instead of riveting.

In 1938 the bridge was reconstructed to the design of professor Peredery its total length being 331 m.

Дата добавления: 2015-08-27