Lesson 10

II.Reading exercises:

Exercise 2

1. Systems programming (or system programming) is the activity of programming system software.

2. The primary distinguishing characteristic of systems programming when compared to application programming is that application programming aims to produce software which provides services to the user (e.g. word processor), whereas systems programming aims to produce software which provides services to the computer hardware (e.g. disk defragmenter). It also requires a greater degree of hardware awareness.

3. A software system consists of executable computer code and the supporting documents needed to manufacture, use, and maintain the code.

4. Requirements definition phase, design phase, coding phase, testing phase, maintenance phase.

Exercise 3

1c, 2a, 3d, 4b.

Exercise 4

1.Modularity. 2. Modules. 3.High-level languages. 4.Executable computer code.

III.Speaking exercises:

Exercise 1

Requirements phase

The purpose of the requirements phase is to define what a system should do and the constraints under which it must operate. This information is recorded in a requirements document. A typical requirements document might include a product overview; a specification of the development, operating, and maintenance environment for the product; a high-level conceptual model of the system; a specification of the user interface; specification of functional requirements; specification of nonfunctional requirements; specification of interfaces to systems outside the system under development; specification of how errors will be handled; and a listing of possible changes and enhancements to the system. Each requirement, usually numbered for reference, must be testable.

Compiler

Program that converts a source program (written in high-level language)into an object.

Coding phase

The coding phase of the software life-cycle is concerned with the development of code that will implement the design. This code is written is a formal language called a programming language. Programming languages have evolved over time from sequences of ones and zeros directly interpretable by a computer, through symbolic machine code, assembly languages, and finally to higher-level languages that are more understandable to humans.

Programming tools

A programmer typically writes the code using a text editor. Sometimes a syntax-directed editor that “knows” about a given programming language and can provide programming templates and check code for syntax errors is used. Various other tools may be used by a programmer, including a debugger that helps find errors in the code, a profiler that shows which parts of a module spend most time executing, and optimizers that make the code run faster.

Exercise 2

1.What does a software system consists of?

2.How can the higher-level languages be categorized?

3.What languages is most coding done in?

4.What is the best-known life-cycle model?.

IV. Writing exercises:

Exercise 1

1. Executable computer code 2. Executable program 3. Coding phase 4. Programming language 5. Modularity.

Exercise 2

…how the system will implement the requirements.

… one of the higher-level languages.

…. into modules, and the modules are assigned to individual programmers.

…. define what a system should do and the constraints under which it must operate.

Список літератури:

1. B.Du Charme.The Operating System Handbook.

http://www.wazhua.com/free-computer-operating-system-downloads-tutorial.html.

2. Franklin, Curt and Coustan, Dave.How Operating Systems Work. http://computer.howstuffworks.com/operating-system.htm.

3. Graphical user interface (GUI).

http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/encyclopedia/Gov-Inc/Graphical-User-Interface-GUI.html

4. Matti Tedre. Computing as Engineering.

http://www.jucs.org/jucs_15_8/computing_as_engineering/jucs_15_08_1642_1658_tedre.pdf

5. Noergaard, Tammy.Embedded systems architecture. A comprehensive guide for engineers and programmers.

http://books.google.com.ua/books?id

6. Shari Lawrence Pfleeger, Joanne M. Atlee.Software Engineering: Theory and Practice.

http://books.google.com.ua/books?id

7. Software Tutorial

http://depts.alverno.edu/cil/mod1/software/system.html

8. Sommerville, Ian.Software Engineering. 7th edition. Bezien,2008.

http://www.cs.st-andrews.ac.uk/~ifs/Books/SE7/Presentations/PDF/ch1.pdf

9. Tutorial for Software Engineering

http://www.freetutes.com/systemanalysis/

10. Understanding Operating Systems

www.johnrouda.com/class/PDF/.../01600_IM_ch16.pdf

11. Waseem Khurshid. Introduction to Computer Science.

http://www.oocities.com/postbox25/computer.html

Зміст

Передмова …………………………………………………………………………….3

Lesson 1 Computer Software…..…………………………………………………......4

Lesson 2 System Software …………………………………………………………...8

Lesson 3 Operating system………………………………………………………….12

Lesson 4 Common operating systems (Part 1- MS-DOS and WINDOWS)………..15

Lesson 5 Common operating systems (Part 2- MACINTOSH, OS\2 Warp, UNIX,

LINUX, OPEN VMS)……………………………………………………. 19

Lesson 6 System Utilities Programs………………………………………………..23

Lesson 7 What is a User Interface?............................................................................26

Lesson 8 Device drivers and interrupts……………………………………………..30

Lesson 9 The system kernel…………………………………………………………34

Lesson 10 Software engineering…………………………………………………….38

Keys …………………………………………………………………………………43

Список літератури…………………………………………………………………...56

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