Mississippi $2128

souRCe: Bureau of the Census, 1987b:2.

Pictographs, such as the one shown here, can be misleading. The money bag for Alaska is about four times as long as that for Mississippi, reflecting the fact that Alaska spent about four times as much state funding on direct expenditures for elementary and secondary education. However, the money bag for Alaska occupies about 16 times the area on the page. This gives readers a false impression of the two states' comparative levels of funding for education.

Attitudes on Private Clubs' Right to Exclude Members on the Basis of Gender

RESPONDENT		FAVOR CLUBS' RIGHT TO EXCLUDE, PERCENT	OPPOSE CLUBS' RIGHT TO EXCLUDE, PERCENT	NO OPINION, PERCENT
Men Women		39 25	57 69
n= 1,005 source: Gallup	Report

Survey question: "Do you think that private clubs should or should not have the right to exclude prospective members on the basis of their sex?"

illustrated in the previous example, two or more methods used together may be especially inform­ative. Moreover, researchers do not need to de­vise a totally new research design in all cases. The term replication refers to the repetition of a given investigation in substantially the same way it was originally conducted, either by the original scien­tist or by other scientists. Box 2-3 (page 50) con­siders the advantages of replicating earlier socio­logical research.

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