Introduction. Neologisms stand for innovation in every language

Neologisms stand for innovation in every language. New words are created every day and their number in English is growing fast.

The creation of new words is one of the most natural things in the linguistic world. It is what keeps the linguistic organism fresh and full of vitality. The renewal of linguistic tissue is a wonderful phenomenon. Borrowings and neologisms represent a normal and desirable phenomenon in the evolution of a language; they enrich the language, they develop synonyms and synonymy, sometimes they come to replace old words and help speakers keep up with the novelties in technology, communications. Some of the borrowed terms are necessary, in the sense that they are introduced, because there is no equivalent to join the newly introduced concept, and some develop as synonyms for words already existing in the vocabulary. The criterion of use imposes a foreign word in our vocabulary and dictates its life, it is also the one that establishes whether the newly introduced words should keep their original pronunciation or should be adjusted to the rules and regulations of the target language. To introduce a new word means to adjust, to assimilate and to modify it, to integrate it graphically, phonetically – which is very difficult as there are always many alternative pronunciations of a word, – and morphologically. The difficulty in the phonetical and graphical integration gives rise to mistranslations: e.g. location - mistranslated as locatie while the correct translation is amplasament; maintenance - mistranslated as mentenanta (in comision de mentenanta); the correct translations are intretinere, even administrare (comision de administrare).

In order to penetrate a language a new term must be in accordance with the following criteria: frequency, acceptability, ability to form new words. If we take into account the nationalist implications, then we should not accept the penetration of foreign origin terms and resort to our common core vocabulary, instead of using terms which are not likely to be understood by the great majority of speakers. Even the French who can sometimes be reluctant to use and adopt terms with English origin (they still maintain the term ordinateur for computer and numerique for digital) have no choice but to use these terms of English origin: faire du shopping, hardware. If we take into account the criterion of age, we will see that people over 40 who might not have access to computers or specialized magazines (IT, finances, advertising) find it hard to at least recognize, rather than understand the meaning of such words as: chat, e-mail, and so on. As shown above, some of these words are necessary and they will be naturalized (football > fotbal); some are either trendy or snobbish; therefore, they might die, lose vitality and be replaced by new words (milieu is nowadays replaced by environnement). There is the danger of an excessive use of words with an English origin that might lead to a hybridisation, to an artificiality of language, but, at the same time, if banned, the process will stop the natural development and the ability of the language to sediment and preserve what it needs and, ultimately, this will lead to a sterile purism.

The topicality of my investigation consists in the huge every year stream of new words which influence on language and necessity of their fixation and explanation.

The aim of the research is to investigate the most important sources of neologisms in social life.

The object of my investigation is using of neologisms by English-speakers.

The subject is the place of neologisms in politic, science, advertisement and literature.

Chapter І

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