Образование страдательного залога. Формула образования страдательного залога следующая:

Формула образования страдательного залога следующая:

to be (в соответ. времени) + Participle II (-ed)

То есть времена страдательного залога образуются при помощи вспомогательного глагола “to be” в соответствующем времени и формы причастия II (или третьей формы смыслового глагола). Изменяется по временам только глагол “tо be”, смысловой же глагол имеет во всех временах одну и ту же форму. У правильных глаголов она совпадает с формой Past Simple и имеет окончание “-ed”.

Tense	Active	Passive
Present Simple	He cooks the food	The food is cooked by him
Past Simple	He cooked the food	The food was cooked by him
Future Simple	He will cook the food	The food will be cooked by him
Present Continuous	He is cooking the food	The food is being cooked by him
Past Continuous	He was cooking the food	The food was being cooked by him
Future Continuous	He will be cooking the food	-------------------
Present Perfect	He has cooked the food	The food has been cooked by him
Past Perfect	He had been cooking the food	The food had been cooked by him
Future Perfect	He will been cooking the food	The food will have been cooked by him
Present Perfect Continuous	He has been cooking the food	------------------
Past Perfect Continuous	He had been cooking the food	-------------------
Future Perfect Continuous	He will have been cooking the food	-------------------

Как видно из таблицы, пассивный залог не употребляется во временах “Perfect Continuous”. Он заменяется в этом случае на “Perfect”. Несуществующая в языке форма “Future Continuous Passive” заменяется на “Future Simple Passive”.

Дата добавления: 2015-08-27