V. Раскройте скобки, употребляя требующуюся форму прилагательного.

1. Which is (large): the United States or Canada?

2. What is the name of the (big) port in the United States?

3. Moscow is the (large) city in the world.

4. There is a (great) number of cars and buses in the streets of Moscow than in any other city of Russia.

Вариант 2

I. Письменно переведите текст на русский язык. Выпишите 20 слов на экономическую тему с транскрипцией и переводом. Выучите эти слова наизусть.

By sending documents through the banking system in a documentary bills collections, both an exporter and an over­seas buyer have some degree of security in completing the commercial contract. But a more secure method of carrying out the transaction is by a documentary letter of credit. This documentary letter of credit when transmitted through a bank, usually in the exporter's country, becomes the means by which the exporter obtains payment.

The necessary documents, correctly completed, are pre­sented to a bank by the expiry date of the credit. If the terms of the credit are met an exporter can receive payment from a UK bank. The buyer is in effect providing the exporter with immediate payment in return for a guaranteed assurance from a reputable bank that the export documents required to de­liver the goods have been completed to the bank's satisfac­tion.

Documentary credits may be revocable or irrevocable. A revocable letter of credit is rather rare nowadays because it means that the terms of the credit can be cancelled or amended by an overseas buyer at any time without prior notice to the exporter. Most letters of credit are irrevocable, which means that once a buyer's conditions in the letter have been agreed by an exporter, they constitute a definite un­dertaking by the buyer's bank and cannot be revoked with­out the exporter's agreement.

UK banks advise letters of credit, i.e. on presentation of documents required in a letter of credit, they send them for collection and payment by the issuing bank of an overseas buyer. The letter of credit in this situation is only as good as the strength of the overseas bank involved. An exporter's advising bank undertakes no responsibility itself to pay the exporter. Even better security is achieved if the irrevocable letter is confirmed by an advising bank in the UK. Then the UK coil-firming bank stands fully in place of the issuing bank abroad, and provided all the terms and conditions of credit are ful­filled by an exporter, payment is assured by the banking system without recourse, i.e. without further call on the ex­porter. So when an exporter has negotiated in the contract with the buyer for a confirmed irrevocable letter of credit then security of payment, as far as humanly possible, is achieved.

But whether or not the credit is confirmed it is essential that the exporter checks the credit terms immediately to make sure they are compatible with the commercial contract made with the buyer. In dealing with documentary credits the bank is concerned only with the documents to be presented and not with the goods or services involved.

Documentary credits may provide for payment at sight or for acceptance of a term bill of exchange by either the issuing bank in a buyer's country or the correspondent bank in theUK.

Дата добавления: 2015-07-20