Psychotherapy covers the psychological treatment of a wide range of mental and physical illnesses by a number of different methods. Such treatment is carried out with an individual patient or clients, with groups of patients and with children as well as with adults. Methods differ from a long series of intimate discussions during over two or three years to only one or two intense interviews. Group treatment may consist of acting out problems or the encouragement of expressions of inhibited emotions within the therapeutic group.
Today there are some relatively new occupations in the field of psychology.
Counseling psychologists, educational psychologists, forensic psychologists, health psychologists, research psychologists – all of them have their own specialization.
Occupational psychology is concerned with the world of work and training, and as such can have many guises. It may be libelled organizational psychology, ergonomics (human factors, engineering application of psychology), applied psychology, etc.
Occupational psychologists are involved with issues such as the selection and training of staff, psychometric tests, communication, the working environment and effective management. Major changes brought about by technology, privatisation and recession have led to an increasing demand for their services.
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