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DR. SIGMUND FREUD
Sigmund Freud was a doctor who lived in Vienna, the capital of Austria, from 1859 until 1938. While he was at the university Freud decided to specialize in neurology, the study and treatment of the brain and nervous system.
Freud tried to learn something new from each patient, he also tried to analyze himself. He realized that some of the ideas that affect people are unconscious – we do not know about them even though they are in our own minds. Freud said that this means that people may do things without knowing the real reason why they are doing it.
He also showed that the unconscious is full of memories and ideas from early childhood, but they are “repressed” and made unconscious because they are things we don’t want to think about, or they are forbidden.
Freud also showed that sometimes the repressed ideas from childhood could show themselves in dreams or nightmares, and one of his most famous books was called “The Interpretation of Dreams”.
Gradually Freud developed the theory of Psychoanalysis and the method of helping people which he called free association. With free association Freud simply asked his patients to lie on the couch and say anything that came into their heads. He tried to interpret what they said by relating it to the repressed ideas and wishes in the unconscious. In this way he hoped that things which were unconscious would gradually become conscious, so that the patient would have more control over them and they would not be able to affect him or her so much.
ВАРИАНТ № 2
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