B) Compare the sentences and explain the difference.

1. Collective organization should pay for those activities.

2. Collective organization is able to pay for those activities.

3. Collective organization is allowed to pay for those activities.

4. Collective organization is to pay for those activities.

5. Collective organization has to pay for those activities

C) Translate the verbs avoiding repetition of them in English. Try to use modal equivalents instead of modal verbs from the original sentences (to be able to, to be allowed to, to have to, to be to). Translate these sentences into Russian.

1. The field может быть divided into questions of what the government or collective organizations должны do or are doing, and questions of how those activities должны быть paid for.

2. Government может pay for spending by borrowing.

3. Public sector programs должны быть designed to maximize social benefits.

4. Government может reallocate income through transfer payments.

5. Government придется design tax system that treats high-income

and low-income households differently.

6. Externalities, public goods, informational advantages, strong economies of scale, and network effects могут cause market failures.

7. Private markets не могут provide efficient outcomes.

8. People of low-income households не могут enjoy expensive goods.

9. The distortion of economic activity может create efficiency losses.

10. The government должно pay for expenditures on public sector programs.

11. Voters могут to elect by ballot beforehand.

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