Past and Present of Belarusian Tourism.

1.Why don’t we speak about Belarusian tourism, but about tourism in Russia when we want to know how this industry was started here? 2.What did it start in Russia with? When? 3.How did the character of tourism change after the Revolution? 4. What was the first central public body/organization that was founded to facilitate the development of tourism in Russia? 5.What did the state regard as the main purpose of tourist activities and traveling? 6. Why is tourism in those first post-revolutionary years seen as half-organised? 7. How did the state control tourist activities? 8.Which was the most active organization? 9. What were the main events organized by clubs? 10. What was the beginning of cultural tourism? 11. How efficient was the Society of Proletarian Tourism? 12.What was its work subordinated in the end? 13. What type of tourism given priority? 14. When was the Joint Stock Company “Intourist” was founded? 15.What was there to see in Belarus before World War II? 16.How long did it take to restore the tourist sector after the war? 17.Where were the first holiday centres opened? 18. When did domestic tourism boom start? What advantage did domestic tourism in Belarus have? 19.Which state-owned companies operated international tourism before the Perestroika?

20.How was outbound tourism managed before perestroika? 20.What radical change has the industry of tourism undergone since the break-up of the Soviet Union? 21.What are the most successful private companies of today?

11.The Recent Past of Belarusian Tourism (Dramatic Changes) and Present-Day Potentials. a)What changes did tourism undergo in the years of perestroika? What problems did Belarusian tourism face at the beginning of its independent history?(Infrastructure- accommodation(lack of decent accommodation, eateries and restrooms), service quality,transportation,roads,renovating historical sites,etc.; the three selling points in Beltourism; b)difference between ‘touroperator’ and ‘travel agency/travel bureau’ c)Why did the Ministry of Sports and Tourism suspend the licenses of 25 operators a couple of years ago? Why were sanctions used against those who chose the beaten track of managing their firms by practicing outbound tourism? d)What trends should the country focus on to let tourism survive and prosper? e)Sports Tourism, Nostalgic Tours for the Expatriate Population f)Belarus and the World Tourism Organisation. How would joining the Organisation help the development of the industry in Belarus?

12.Belarusian Sites in the UNESCO List of World Heritage.

1) Talk on the difference between the words ‘heritage’ and ‘legacy’(inheritance)

2) Interpret ‘world heritage’

3)What is the mission of UNESCO World Heritage?

4)Which Belarusian properties(both cultural and natural) are inscribed on the List?

5) Give the date of inscription and a brief description of each 6) Which properties have been submitted on the Tentative List?

+ (What kind of mind can be able to appreciate the importance of the Struve Arc?)

13.Responsible Tourism.

1)What do we call “responsible tourism”? What other names can we attach to this type of tourism?(eco-, low impact,sustainable,green) 2)What are ecologically-minded tourists concerned about? 3)If you cannot deprive people of their urge for travel,then what do you have to do to make them feel responsible for whatever damage this might do to the places they go to?(to set up patterns of behaviour, to educate, to impose rules and regulations on, a close watch on how..) 4)What concrete patterns of behaviour are to be set for individuals on an adventure holiday? 5)What if one travels by sea/river/waterways? 6)What should organizers of tourism keep in mind? 7)Some think that we should introduce a little honesty into the debate about tourism? Do we travel for pleasure or do we save the planet? Do you agree with the claim that “No claim is more foolish than that tourism helps to protect the environment”? How can this dilemma be resolved? 8) In what way is tourism putting things back into the environment? i)Can you give the names of special organizations which have been founded to focus on the problem of tourism impact?(A great number of seminars and debates are held nowadays on the topic of tourism. One of the main issues is the so-called ECOTOURISM or SUSTAINABLE tourism. In its purist sense ecotourism is an industry which attempts to make a low impact on the environment and local culture, while helping to generate income and conservation of natural heritage. It is RESPONSIBLE tourism which is both ecologically and culturally sensitive. Such a definition is given in the Quebec Declaration on Ecotourism which was adopted in May, 2002.

Apart from Declaration there are several major documents on low-impact tourism such as:

-Sustainable tourism: The Berlin Declaration (March,1997)

-Responsible Tourism in Destinations: The Cape Town Declaration (August, 2002)

-The World Ecotourism Summit:Final Report

Special organizations have been founded to focus on the problem of tourism impact on vulnerable local cultures:

-ECO Club- The International Ecotourism Club

-ICER – The International Centre for Ecotourism

-ICRT – The International Centre for Research: Responsible Tourism

-The Ecotourism Society

The key factor of the idea of sustainable tourism is to minimize the negative effect on the environment and the country’s economy. So people should be aware of such a trend as ecotourism in service industries.)

14.Heritage Tourism.

1)Interpret the words”heritage”,”legacy” 2)Which two types of tourism are believed to generate the most profits?(holiday-making at a sea resort + cultural tourism) 3)Which countries are certain to benefit?(with a hot climate and authentic historical and architectural landmarks) 4)Why can’t others (such as medical, eco, or exotic tourism) compare with them? 5)Belarusian Golden Ring: restoration of historical and architectural monuments, castles and estate-park ensembles, restoration of the Augustovsky Canal;

6)How can tourists get a lasting impression of the trip?(revival of old national crafts,traditions; staging wedding performances,pagan rites, Christmas,festivities, ancient tournaments, open-air museums such as ones in Dudutki and Strochitsy). 7) War memorials for those interested in the history of wars.

8)Annual international cultural events with venues in Belarus: Slavyansky Bazaar,etc 9)A unique historic monument- like Stonehenge- in the Orsha district.

15. Rural Tourism. 1)Why might this trend become very effective in Belarus? Is there any evidence that it is taking off successfully? 2)What is rural or agro-tourism? How does the state encourage this hospitation business? 3)What symbol is used to categorise the hosting farmsteads in Belarus? in other countries? Why do you think these are used? 4)What areas and rural pastimes are most attractive for visitors?

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