These are some of the sentences that you will hear in the lecture. Read them paying attention to the italicized words and expressions.

1. When the barbarians conquered the continent of Europe, it was Ireland that kept alive Western culture and learning.

2. In the twelfth century - that is to say in the 1100s - the Norman-English conquest of Ireland began.

3. Throughout the eighteenth century - that is, throughout the 1700s - the Irish suffered from economic exploitation and political and religious persecution.

4. In the four years after the potato crop failure, more than one million people died of starvation.

5. The ships were called "floating coffins " because of the large number of people who died on board during the journey.

6. The Great Potato Famine occurred in 1847.

7. English was the language of the politicians, the clergy, and the landlords.

8. The government decreed that knowledge of the Irish language was required for all elementary school teachers.

9. By 1949 only 8.2 percent of the teachers lacked a certificate to teach Irish to the school children.

10. The near- extinction of a language spoken for more than two thousand years has, perhaps, been slowed down, or even stopped altogether.

4. Listen to the lecture. While you listen to the lecture, you should be looking at the Note-Taking Model, which is brief, which is in outline form, and which contains only the necessary facts and information contained in the lecture.

Note-Taking Model

Languages in Conflict: Irish and English

Rep. of Ire.	· nw. Eur. · land area = 26,600 sq. mi. · pop. = 3 m.
No. Ire.	· Br. Commonwealth - sep. - Rep. of Ire.
Mid. Ages	· 5th and 6th c. = prin. cult, center Eur. · kept alive - West. cult. & learn. · when barbs. conqd.
12th c.	· (late 1100s) -Norm. Eng. conquest began, controlled Ire.
16th c.	· lands taken - given to Eng. + Scot. settlers · rebellions put down
18th c.	· (1700s) - econ. exploit. + pol. & rel. persec. · people – poverty
late 1840s 1830s 4 yrs. later	· potato crop failed bad weather - (pot. prin. food) · pop. = 9m. · = +1 m. died - starv. · = + 1 ½ m. left - Canada, U.S., others - floating coffins
early 19th c.	· Irish spoken everywhere - Ire.
after GPF – 1847 - 1870	· " dec./Eng. replaced Irish · only 20% spoke nat. lang.
lat. ½ 19th c.	· Eng. lang. of schools, pol., clergy, & landlords · Eng. - lang. of rulers - Irish - lang. of ruled
	· self-gov't.
'49	· free repub. ->movement -> Irish nat. lang. · know Irish - elem. teachers
by '49	· only 8.2% - no certific. - teach Irish - children
today	· Irish — req. subj. coll. matric. since 1913 (except Trinity — Dublin) · gov't. papers - 2 lang · newspapers - Irish · pol. must speak Irish · ext. lang. spoken + 2,000 yrs. - slowed, stopped

5. Now listen to the lecture again and take your own notes.

6. Now look at the Note-Taking Model from Exercise 4 and compare it to your notes. Which one is more convenient to use? Why?

In the following exercise, you will hear twelve questions about the information you heard in the lecture Each question will be spoken two times, but it will not be written out for you. After hearing the questions, you should look at your paper and select from the choices (a), (b), (c), or (d) the correct answer to the question you heard. Refer to your notes before making the choice.

1) a little less than:

a) 1,000,000

b) 1,500,000

c) 3,000,000

d) 9,000,000

In the

a) 5th century

b) 6th century

c) both (a) and (b)

d) neither (a) nor (b)

In the

a) 13th century

b) 14th century

c) 15th century

d) 16th century

4)

a) economic exploitation

b) political persecution

c) religious persecution

d) all of the above

5)

a) 1,000,000 people starved to death

b) 1,500,000 people left England for Ireland

c) 9,000,000 people left Ireland on floating coffins

d) none of the above

In

a) 1807

b) 1840

c) 1847

d) 1870

During the

a) first half of the 18th century

b) latter half of the 18th century

c) first half of the 19th century

d) latter half of the 19th century

In

a) 1922

b) 1927

c) 1942

d) 1949

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