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These are some of the sentences that you will hear in the lecture. Read them paying attention to the italicized words and expressions.

Amazing facts about English | LANGUAGE CHANGE AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF AMERICAN ENGLISH | Compare your notes with those of your partner. | Discuss with your groupmates. | БРИТАНСКИЙ ИЛИ АМЕРИКАНСКИЙ | In groups of four match the explanations (1-9) to the words, phrases and figures. Then answer Questions 10-17. | Language facts | These are some of the sentences that you will hear in the lecture. Read them paying attention to the italicized words and expressions. | GLOBAL UNDERSTANDING FOR GLOBAL ENGLISH | Compare your outline with that of your partner. |


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  6. A) Before listening, read the definitions of the words and phrases below and understand what they mean.
  7. A) Complete the gaps with the words from the box.

 

1. Both humans and animals communicate with their own species.

2. All humans combine sound and meaning into a complex code of communication.

3. The oldest known writing was done approximately 5,000 years ago in Sumerian, the language of ancient Mesopotamia.

4. We do not know whether our different modern languages had one common source or whether they developed from different sources in different places during our prehistory.

5. The examination of the similarities and the differences that exist among today's various languages is called comparative linguistics.

6. Most of the languages used in the Western world today have been traced to the common, yet unrecorded, source which linguists call Proto-Indo-European.

7. There are more speakers of Chinese and Polynesian than there are speakers of Russian, Arabic, and the various Western languages put together.

8. Arabic belongs to the Afro-Asiatic family of languages.

9. English seems to have replaced French as the world's lingua franca.

10. It is no wonder that men and women have been so intrigued by the idea of developing an artificial "universal" language.

11. The most well-known attempt to develop an artificial universal language was the development of Esperanto.

12. Esperanto is a synthetic language which was devised in the nine­teenth century by a Polish scientist.

 
 


Now follow the Topic Outline while the speaker gives a brief overview of what will be discussed in the commentary.

 

LECTURE OUTLINE - A TOPIC OUTLINE

 

I. Animal and Human Communication Systems

 

A. Animal signals

1. Gestures, sounds, and smells to convey anger, fear, contentment

2. Inability to carry message beyond immediate situation

 

B. Human system of communication—language

1. Ability to carry messages beyond immediate situation

2. Multi-dimensional aspects of communication system: speech, writing, sign language, music, dance, painting

 

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English is a Crazy Language| Before you read, discuss the following questions with your partner.
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