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Direct Speech | Indirect Speech |
Ann: I can't skate. | Ann said she could not skate. |
Ann: I could not get them on the phone. | Ann said that she had not been able to get them on the phone. |
Ann: They may come any day. | Ann said that that they might come any time. |
Ann: You might catch a cold in this thin dress. | Ann said that I might catch a coat in that thin dress. |
Ann: I must change if I go by bus. | Ann said that she had to change if she went by bus. |
Ann: My friends must already be waiting for me. (subjective modality). | Ann supposed that her friends must be waiting for her. Ann was sure that her friends were waiting for her. |
Ann: The conference is to begin at seven. | Ann said that the conference was to begin at seven. |
Ann: The boat was to arrive early in the morning. | Ann said that the boat was to arrive early that morning. |
Ann: You should devote more time to your studies, Betty. | Ann said that Betty should devote more time to her studies. |
Ann: John needn't phone for the doctor. I feel better. | Ann said that John needn't phone for the doctor for she felt better. |
QUESTION TAGS
I. Formation.
A Tag Question is a short question that follows a statement. These short additions to sentences are used to ask for agreement of confirmation.
A Tag question is formed by auxiliary + subject. Positive sentences are generally followed by a negative tag question. Negative sentences are generally followed by a positive tag question.
The following rules should be observed:
1) When the subject of the sentence is this/that, use it in the tag.
2) When the subject of the sentence is these/those, use they in the tag.
3) When the subject of the sentence is a word like no-one, someone, everyone, the tag uses the pronoun they.
4) Sentences with negative subjects like no-one, nothing, neither, anyone behave like negative sentences and have a positive tag.
5) Imperative sentences use will in the tag.
6) Sentences with Let’s … use shall in the tag.
II. Agreeing and disagreeing with question tags
III. Echo tags
An echo tag is a response, in tag form, to an affirmative or negative statement. It is used to express one's surprise or doubt.
affirmative:
Negative
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IV. Short Answers | | | THE IMPERATIVE MOOD |