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Pic. 1 Court systems in the United States
Federal courts are arranged in three steps: U.S. district courts located throughout the United States, U.S. courts of appeals, and the Supreme Court of the United States.
District courts – these are general courts. But in some cases, the jurisdiction is passed to specialized courts. These include: bankruptcy courts, tax courts and the court of private land claims.
Court of Appeals – The Court of Appeals reviews all decisions in the lower courts that people object to.
State courts – These courts decide disputes that pertain to state laws rather than federal laws.
The Supreme Court – This is another appeals court, but it is the only court that operates under discretionary review. This means it can choose which cases to hear. The Supreme Court is also called a High Court in some countries.
I. Read the text about the court structure. Mark the following statements as true (T) or false (F).
1. District courts review decisions that people protest.
2. Cases involving state laws are not heard in a federal court.
3. The Supreme Court hears all cases that are bought to it.
II. Read the sentences and choose the correct word.
1. The (District / Supreme) Court decided not to review Ms.Wright’s case against the company.
2. The case does not involve federal law, so it has to go through the (state / bankruptcy) courts.
3. The district court has (jurisdiction / claim) in Mr. Trujillo’s case.
4. If Ms. Davis wants her money back, she needs to go through the small (claims / discretionary) court.
III. 
Listen to the conversation between a client and his attorney. Then answer the questions. Which courts might the client’s case be heard in?
1. a state court
2. a district court
3. a court of appeal
4. a specialized court
5. the Supreme Court
IV. With a partner, act out the roles below, based on the previous task. Then switch roles.
Student A: You see a client. Talk to your lawyer about your case. Ask Student B about: courts, options after a decision, likelihood of having case reviewed.
Student B: You are a lawyer. Answer Student A’s questions.
PROJECT WORK
Draw a diagram of your court system and explain the court structure as if to a foreign client who is pursuing an action in your courts. Use your own language for the names of the courts but use English to describe their function. For more information on UK courts, go to: www.courtservice.gov.uk; for other courts, go to: www.lexadin.nl/wlg/courts/nofr/courts.htm; http://www.ruscham.com/en/rossinfo/db/21.html; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judiciary_of_Russia
Reviewing What We Learned
1. What are the differences among original jurisdiction, appellate jurisdiction, limited jurisdiction, and general jurisdiction?
2. How are the federal courts structured?
3. What is the role of the United States Supreme Court?
4. How are most state courts structured?
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