Check your understanding of the discussed theoretical issues by answering the following questions.

1) What period do the historical origins of RP go back to?

2) Where are the roots of RP?

3) What social characteristic did RP acquire by the 18^th century?

4) By the 19^th centuryLondon English was finally fixed as the pronunciation of...

5) What became important agencies in the transmission of Southern English as the form with the highest prestige since 1864? What was London English termed as since that time?

6) What was Southern Educated English at the beginning of the 20^th century?

7) What were the reasons for a forceful normalization movement towards the establishment of Educated Southern English as the STANDARD ACCENT?

8) When was the term "Standard Pronunciation" replaced by "Received Pronunciation" and why? What phonetician introduced it?

9) How did English phonetician Ida Warddefine RP in the 30s of the 20^th century?

10) What happened to Educated Southern English/RP in the early 20^th century?What is the role of The British Broadcasting Corporation (the BBC) in promoting RP?

11) What happened to RP in the second half of the 20^th century?

16) What did the vast extension of RP's social base result in in the last quarter of the 20^th century? ^,

17) What main types of RP are distinguished by A. C. Gimson and A. Cruttenden?

18) What is the PHONEME INVENTORY OF RP?

19) What kind of accent is RP according to the PHONOTACTIC SPECIFICATION of /r/occurrence?

20) Enumerate several of recent and current sound changes in RP that Prof. J. C. Welt discusses in his article " Cockneyfication of RP'"?

21) What is the essence of the process of the decline of weak [ı] in present-day RP?

22) What is glottalling and its place in RP today?

23) What influence may the increased use of glottal stopswithin RP be attributed to?

24) What is L vocalization?What environments is it restricted to? What other accent is it typical of?

25) What is R-intrusion? What environments does it operate in?

26) What increased tendency is observed in RP concerning yod (the semivowel j ) with preceding alveolar plosive, e.g. t+j, d+j? What distinct environments can be observed for this process?

27) Give examples of lexical-selectional changes in RP words.

28) What is Cockney and what is its role in the phonetic development of RP?

29) Explain the meaning of the word "Cockney " and speak on the story behind the word.

30) What explanation of Cockney does The Oxford English Dictionary give?

31) What are the grammar and vocabulary distinctions of Cockney as a dialect?

32) Give examples of Cockney rhyming slang.

33) Are there differences in the inventory of vowel and consonant phonemes between RP and Cockney?

34) Summarize the most striking consonant and vowel realizational differences typical of Cockney.

35) What is EE?

36) What convergent and divergent features does EE display as compared with RP and

Cockney?

37) What realistic approach to Estuary English should be recommended to EFL teachers?

38) What is the starting point of the development of English on the American continent?

39) Compare American and British English regarding dialect and accent.

40) What main groups of American regional educated accents are traditionally distinguished?

41) Give geographical characteristics of each of the three groups of educated accents in the US. 42) Give distinctive features of eastern and southern American accents.

43) What accent is accepted as the American national standard of pronunciation?

44) Speak on the distinctions of GA in its phonemic inventory (vowels+consonants).

45) Give GA structural specification.

46) Name main GA selectional distinctions.

47) Point out to the main GA distinctions in vowel and consonant allophonic production.

49) Speak on word stress patterns distinctions of GA.

50) Indicate GA distinctions in sentence stress and intonation.

51) Speak on GA voice quality distinctions.

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