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The first approach lists genres of newspaper writing into two large groups. They are news articles and analysis articles (or analytical articles). News articles encompass news articles proper and brief news items. Analysis articles embrace five major genres:
- a feature article,
- an editorial,
- a column,
- an op-ed (opposite the editorial),
- letters to the editor.
I. Galperin, a Russian scholar, being the most distinguished representative of the second approach, classes newspaper genres into:
- brief news and communiqués,
- editorials,
- press reports,
- informative articles,
- advertisements and announcements.
Feature articles are viewed by the lingusit as publicistic articles.
Major genres of print media
Print media major genres are news articles and analysis articles. The group of news articles also lists brief news items; the second group lists analytial articles, feature stories, editorials, columns, letters to the editor.
News articles generally follow an inverted pyramid structure to convey information about a current event, incident, or issue of public interest.
The first sentence of the article gives the most important facts (Who? What?), and the following paragraphs present, in descending order of importance, the details of the event, incident, or issue (Where? When? How? Why?).
The format is valued because readers can leave the story at any point and understand it, even if they don’t have all the details.
Every news article comprises the following structural components – a headline, a subhead (optional), a lead (optional), the body (the text proper) and a by-line.
The headline is placed at the top of the article and indicates its nature. In some newspapers there are two or more headlines to one article. The second, a more detailed headline is called a subhead.
The headline is followed by a lead (the first sentence of the article that gives the most important facts, usually, in a tabloid). The headline (or the lead) is followed by a by-line – the name of the writer of an article.
A news article strives to remain objective and uses neutral language while presenting a diversity of opinions, voices, and perspectives of the event, incident, or issue under discussion.
The function of brief news items is to inform the reader. They state only facts without giving comment. The bulk of their vocabulary is neutral and common literary. They only have a headline.
A feature story (a feature article, or simply a feature) is less time-sensitive than news articles, and may describe selected issue in-depth (people, places, or events of general interest to the public). It comprises a head, a subhead (optional), the story proper and a by-line.
As print media faces ever stiffer competition from other sources of news, feature stories are becoming more common as they can be more engaging to read. In many newspapers, news stories are sometimes written in feature style, adopting some of the conventions of feature writing while still covering breaking events.
An editorial is an intermediate phenomenon between the newspaper style and the publicistic style. The function of the editorial is to influence the reader by giving interpretation of certain facts or commentaries on political and social events and happenings of the day. Editorials reflect the opinion of the periodical, so they are usually unsigned.
An op-ed is an abbreviation representing opposite the editorial (page). Op-eds are written for newspaper publication and present the writer's opinion on an issue of current public interest. They are concise enough to appear in 2-3 columns of a standard newspaper, and therefore are sharply focused. Unlike editorials, op-eds are alwayssigned. The genre is typical only of American papers.
A column is a recurring piece or article written by a columnist. It meets each of the following criteria: a) it is a regular feature in a publication; b) it is personality-driven by the author; c) it explicitly contains an opinion or point of view.
Letters to the editor (LTTE or LTE) is a letter sent to a publication about issues of concern from its readers. Like op-eds, they present the writer’s opinion on a current topic, and may be based on personal expertise or on research.
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| PART I. PRINT MEDIA | | | Practical Tasks |