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A mong the invariable prerequisites of a modern democratic community are freedom of the press, guarantees of undeterred activities of journalists and publishers and free public access to printed matter, radio and television programmes. Ukraine's mass media include periodicals, television, information agencies, press centres, press services, government departments and agencies for contacts with the press. Ukrainian media operate under Constitution, the Laws of Ukraine "On Information", "On Means of Printed Information in Ukraine", "On Radio and Television", "On Copyright and Related Rights".
The press is generally known as the "fourth estate". In various periods of its existence and depending on the political system, the mass media has always maintained certain relations with those public and political structures which were actually in control of most spheres in the life of society.
Nowadays editors and journalists are faced with the problem of keeping their publications alive, the problem of elementary survival. A number of editorial boards have found rich sponsors; others are trying to go into small on-the - side business to earn an extra buck or two to keep the edition going.
There are 50 non-government TV and radio companies, channels, studious, video-centres in Ukraine.
There are 11 information agencies of different orientations in Ukraine. These agencies have correspondents and reporters who help in publishing news bulletins in Ukrainian and several other languages.
Ukrainian journalists use their professional skills and experience to raise the national media's analytical, informative, aesthetic standard to the international level. Professional journalists are associated in the National Press club, a public politically non-affiliated organization.
The Press Centre of the Ministry of the Foreign Affairs of Ukraine is involved in a variety of activities aimed at facilitating the implementation of international documents in the sphere of information and data exchanges.
The Press services and centers of the President, the Verkhovna Rada, the Cabinet of Ministers and almost all political parties, public associations, societies and foundations are also constantly active.
2. Comprehensive questions:
1. What are the invariable prerequisites of a modern democratic community?
2. What do Ukraine's mass media include?
3. What problem are editors and journalists faced with?
4. What do Ukrainian journalists do to raise the national media's analytical, informative, aesthetic standard to the international level?
5. How many government-run and non-government-run companies are there in Ukraine?
6. What are your favourite newspapers, magazines, radio and TV programmes?
7. Are today's Ukrainian periodicals independent?
8. What TV programmes are the most popular with the young people in Ukraine?
3. Explain the meanings of the following words and word combinations in English and use them in situations of your own:
| 1. invariable prerequisites | 7. editorial board |
| 2. undeterred activities of journalists and publishers | 8. to go into on-the-side business |
| 3. free public access to printed matter | 9. to earn an extra buck or two to keep the edition going |
| 4. copyright | 10. politically non-affiliated organization |
| 5. "the fourth estate” 6. survival | 11. to facilitate the implementation of international documents in the sphere of information and data exchanges |
? 4. Translate the words and word-combinations into English:
незмінні передумови; суспільна непартійна організація; займатися підприємницькою діяльністю; багаті спонсори; "четверта влада"; авторське право; редакція;займатися підприємницькою діяльністю;
заробляти додаткові гроші на видання; національний прес-клуб; суспільна непартійна організація; по забезпеченню виконання міжнародних документів у сфері інформаціїї та обміну інформацією;незмінні передумови; вільна діяльність журналістів та видавців; вільний доступ читачів до друкованої продукції; авторське право; "четверта влада"; виживання.
— 5. Roleplay an interview with a foreign visitor in which he will share his opinion about the Ukrainian mass media.
? 6. Write a short article about a popular quiz show on television describing what you like/dislike about it.
THAT IS TO SAY …
When you are having a conversation, fixed expressions and idioms will link your ideas and show the listener(s) that you are making a new point, disagreeing, etc. Using these phrases gives you time to think about what you are going to say next, and helps your listeners to know what they can expect and so understand your argument better.
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