SUBJUNCTIVE I 3 страница

1.... that she should come and have some lunch with me. 2.... that I should come to see her at 12 o'clock next day. 3.... she should settle the question herself. 4.... we should settle the matter at once. 5.... that we should all eat ices. 6.... the child should be sent to hospital at once. 7.... that he should be left alone. 8.... that his name should be mentioned in the article. 9.... that she should persuade her to see the doctor at once. 10.... that they should give her another chance to improve. Ex. 15. Read the sentences and account for the following statements. Model: He insisted that we should return home. - He insisted that we should return home. It looked raining and he didn't want to get wet. 1. I suggest that she should come back to us again for a while. 2. My friends suggested that we should get together. 3. If the question arises you should tell the same story. 4. He suggested that I should bring you with me so that we could make a party. 5. I propose that we should sit and watch TV. 6. I suggest you go back to your room and have a complete rest. 7. Nick suggested that they should show the town to her. 8. I think it an admirable suggestion that he should be asked to join us. 9. My recommendation is that we should discuss in detail various plans. 10. Her request is that I should look after her son for a month or so. 11. My mother insists that I should consult a doctor because of my headache.  

Ex.11 Read and retell the following jokes: A Good Retort "Plain as you are, I love you as if you were pretty," said a husband to his wife. "I can say almost the same," she said. "Fool as you are, I like you as if you were clever". Nothing to Complain about An intelligent small boy was sitting in a bus. A passenger sitting next to him asked him a question: "And how old are you?" "I'm four", answered the child. "I wish I were four", said the man. He was considerably taken aback, however, when the child, turning rather a surprised gaze upon him replied: "But you were four once". !!! Discussion:The Foreign Languages Department has received a gift of US$ 10,000. What do you think is the best way for your department to spend this money? Use specific reasons and details to support your choice. Adverbial Clauses of Comparison: These clauses as well as predicative ones contain Subjunctive II in their structure and are also joined to the principal clause by means of the conjunctions "as if" and "as though". Ex. She looks as if she were ill. (predicative clause) She looked at me as though she were angry with me. (adverbial cl. of comparison) Note: To express an action simultaneous we use the form coinciding with the Past Indefinite Tense form (i.e. the second form of the verb). Ex. He behaves as if he knew everything. Он ведёт себя так, как будто знает всё. To express an action preceding that of the main clause in clauses of comparison we use the forms of the Subjunctive coinciding with the Past Perfect Tense form. Ex. She reached out her hand as though she had just noticed me. Она протянула руку, словно только что заметила меня. Ex.1 Сomment on the form of Subjuctive II in adverbial clauses of comparison: 1. You treat me as if I were a piece of furniture... 2. Finally it occurred to me that I would call as though nothing had happened, and send a message in by the maid... 3. Quite subconsciously I wondered whether she had been out, for she was breathing hard, as though she had been running. 4. She was a pleasant little thing with a high colour on her cheekbones as though they had been rubbed with brickdust, bright brown eyes and a fringe of black hair. 5. He moved with almost furtive speed, as though he did not want to linger and be seen. 6. You talk as if were arranging my marriage. 7. He wore his smart clothes as if they were overalls but as if he didn't care a hang what he looked like. Ex.2 Transform the following sentences into ones with adverbial clauses of comparison: Model: Miss Marple looked up suddenly as though to speak. - Miss Marple looked up suddenly as though she wanted to speak. 1. When she spoke her tone was casual, yet she glanced at him sideways, as though estimating the effect of her words. 2. For some reason his movements were incredibly  

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slow, as though performed by another person. 3. She kept inclining her head as if listening for something. 4. He cast a swift glance over his shoulder as though debating the practicability of a drive into the traffic. 5. "I thought you would do it," said Mrs. March, smiling, as if satisfied. Ex.3 Paraphrase the following sentences so as to use clauses comparison: 1. Judging by his behaviour one might think he has visited this country before. 2. From what he says one might think that he has never heard about it. 3. From the way he acts one may conclude he is boss here. 4. He doesn't know a thing about the new project. He only tries to make the impression he does. 5. I am not a child. Don't treat me like a child. Ex.4 Develop the following sentences into situations, like in the model: Model: Her lips were moving as if she were speaking.- Her lips were moving as if she were speaking to him but no sound came from them. 1. We had been talking quite lightly, almost as if we were having a casual conversation about people we both knew. 2. Don't look at me as if I were a ghost. 3. He spoke for some ten minutes, as if he were delivering a lecture. 4. It happened nearly a year ago, and it was as fresh in his mind as if it had been yesterday. 5. She walked through the streets as if nothing at all had happened. 6. You just sit around here as if nothing had happened. 7. Jane hesitated a little as though she were honestly searching for a satisfactory explanation. 8. He came up to my table as if we had not had that quarrel. Ex.5 Respond to the statements using Subjunctive II in adverbial clauses of comparison: Model: We thought you'd never come. - You behave as if you did not believe me. I never break up my promise. 1. I thought I'd find you here. 2.I don't know what you are talking about. 3. They have been worried about you lately. 4. Have you tried to get in touch with him? 5. It's raining, we'll get soaked. 6. Did you hear all that we were saying? 7. Come along, quickly! 8. You said only a moment ago that he was extremely well off. 9. I couldn't stop laughing. 10.I must rush for my bus. 11.I am so happy. 12.Why should she change the conversation? Ex.6 Say in what way an Englishman would express it: 1. Девочка посмотрела на меня, словно я её обидел. 2. Он ведёт себя так, будто он у себя дома. 3. Она посмотрела на меня так, словно увидела меня впервые. 4.Она ведёт себя так, будто ничего не случилось. 5.Он оглянулся, как будто хотел что-то сказать на прощание. 6. Он был так доволен, будто он сам написал стихотворение. 7. Он улыбнулся мне, как будто все простил и забыл. 8.Я помню все, как будто это случилось вчера. 9.Он обращается с ней так, словно она ребенок. 1О.Она ведет себя так, словно она красавица. Ex.7 Say why you dislike him: Model: He is not an expert on everything. - He behaves (talks, acts, speaks) as if he were an expert on everything. 1. Alex does not own the place. 2. Celia is not the brightest student in the group. 3. David does not have the right to teach me on morals. 4. Eric doesn't have friends everywhere.  

Ex. 10. Point out the Suppositional Mood in the sentences below and translate them into Russian. State the type of the clause. 1. Several people have suggested that she should go on the stage, but of course I couldn't consent to that. 2. I proposed that we should all go and eat ices in the park. 3. I suggested she should come and have some lunch with me, but she seemed to have something on her mind. 4. Michael suggested that she should go to Vienna to be near Roger. 5. My suspicion was that he should not know how to do it. 6. He willingly accepted his father’s suggestion that he should go on a long journey. 7. His idea was that the theatre should serve as a means of education for the mass public. 8. The publisher sent me a letter with the request that I should write a review of the book. 9. My wish was that he should be altogether honest. 10. It was agreed that I should write to Palmer simply suggesting that I should come to see him at six o'clock on the following Thursday. 11. It was Louisa who insisted that he should be sent to St. Paul's. 12. As a matter of fact I came to suggest that you should come and pay me a little visit. 13. He at last came to the decision what should be done about the manuscript. Ex. 11. A. Use the Suppositional Mood instead of the Infinitive in brackets (in object clauses). 1.... when the Insurance people paid up, which they did quite quickly, Henry insisted that I (to take) it back. 2. She saw why Rowey had insisted that she (to go) to that luncheon party. 3. Anyhow when he did call - and he insisted to himself that it (to be) extremely soon - he would try another plan with her; he would carefully decide beforehand just what to say and how to say it. 4. She was determined that no silence (to fall) between them that might be hard to break. 5. He insisted that Bolla (to take) him down to Naples. 6. He suggested that such talents (not to be wasted). 7. She had been almost girlishly excited when he insisted that she the first (to write) Chartie a letter. B. Supply the necessary form of verbs given in brackets in the following appositive and predicative clauses: 1). He had to satisfy the editor’s requirements that a short story (not to exceed) one hundred lines. 2). She accepted Dick’s suggestion that she (to dismiss) her taxi and ride back with him. 3). His only request was that he (to allow) to visit his son. 4). He handed me over to his secretary with the instruction that I (to give) a room for the night. 5). The trouble was that he (to move) out of the house. 6). The idea they arrived at was that they (to get) themselves introduced to the pretty girl. 7). Bill rejected the proposal that he (to buy) an estate with the money.  

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6. It's strange that they should have returned so late. 7. It's not surprising that he should nearly have been run over by a car. 8. I consider it advisable that all of you should read "The Forsyte Saga" by Galsworthy. 9. It's extraordinary that he should come in time. 10. It's only natural that she should be disappointed. 11. It's desirable that the children should live in the country in summer. 12. It is not odd that they should have reconsidered the matter. Ex.9 Translate the following sentences using subject clauses. 1. Странно, что Анна опоздала. Она никогда не опаздывает. 2. Вашему сыну после болезни необходимо гулять каждый день. 3. Важно, чтобы родители понимали своих детей. 4. Необходимо, чтобы студенты готовились к занятиям каждый день. 5. Рекомендуется, чтобы детей учили читать до школы. 6. Необходимо, чтобы первоклассники читали все тексты вслух. 7. Очень важно, чтобы родители обращали внимание на правильность речи ребенка с того момента, как он произнес первое слово. 8. Удивительно, что вам удалось достать билеты на премьеру. 9. Странно, что вы расстроились тогда. 10. Не принимайте это близко к сердцу. Странно вообще расстра­ивать­ся по такому поводу. 11. Невозможно, чтобы машину никто не видел. !!! Discussion:Do you agree that people behave differently when they wear different clothes? Can clothes influence the way people behave? Use specific examples to support your answer. Additional exercises: - Natanson: 33(32), 34 (32), 35 (33); Krutikov: 14, 15 (106) I.2.2. Object, predicative and attributive clauses. The suppositional mood and subjunctive I are also used in object, predicative and attributive clauses after verbs and nouns denoting suggestion, demand, recommendation and order (to demand, to insist, to suggest, to order; suggestion, recommendation, request, etc.). My suggestion that he should go with us was not accepted. (appositive) The Suppositional Mood Subjunctive I to order to request to advise We to propose (THAT) smb should do smth / smb do smth He to insist request suggestion advice His desire was that life should fall in with his new limited but deliberate plans. (predicative) He suggested that we should take part in the excursion. (object)  

5. Frank doesn't have the best collection of pictures in the world. 6. George is not the headmaster of the school. 7. Herbert does not enjoy the confidence of his group-mates. 8. James is not the best sportsman in the group. 9. Lewis can't play the piano well. 10.Martin can't be relied on. 11.Nicholas is lazy. 12.Robin doesn't study well. Ex.8 Complete each sentence with "as if" or "as though" doing all the necessary changes in the subordinate clause: Model: She speaks English... (English is not her native tongue). - She speaks English as if it were her native tongue. 1. She speaks French... (French is not her native tongue). 2. My friend talks to her cats (Animals are not people). 3. Sometimes he acts... (He does not have a brain in his head). 4. What's the matter? You are shaking... (You didn't see a ghost). 5. Mary takes care of John... (John isn't her son). 6. They are looking at me... (I didn't break the vase). 7. They treat him...(He isn't an adult). 8. He's acting... (He doesn't know anything about the incident). 9. He buys everything he wants...(Money doesn't grow on trees). 10.They treat him... (He is not a child). 11.I feel terrible... (I wasn't run over by a ten-ton truck). 12.When I reached the fifth floor I was breathing (I didn't climb the Everest). Make up some 10 sentences on cards of a similar type to be used in class. Ex.9 Find in the right hand column the English variants for those in Russian: 1. Казалось, она приняла решение. a. It is as if I were a stranger here. 2. Ведь я же ничего не обещал. b. It looks as if they had gone. 3. Похоже,что они уже ушли. c. She looked as if she had come to a decision. 4. Я здесь словно чужой всем. d. It's not as if I had promised anything. 5. Ведь вы с ним не говорили. e. It seemed as if nothing could comfort her. 6. Казалось, ничто не могло её утешить. f. It is not as if you knew him. 7. Ведь вы его не знаете. g. It is not as if you have spoken to him. * Make up similar cards of five sentences containing Subjunctive II in predicative clauses, adverbial clauses of comparison and "wish" clauses with corresponding Russian variants and a key to them, as in the exercise. Ex.10 Dictation-translation: 1. Ей казалось, что она всё забыла. 2. Мне кажется, что теперь я смогла бы её понять. 3. Он, казалось, принял решение. 4. Почему у вас такой вид, словно вы мне не верите? 5. Он казался совершенно здоровым. 6. По вашему виду можно подумать, что вы никогда об этом не слышали. 7. Комната выглядела так, словно в ней никогда не жили. 8. Ему всегда кажется, что он не нравится людям. 9. Мне казалось, что никто не смог бы меня остановить. 10.Погода, кажется, становится лучше. 11. Ведь я ничего и не смог бы тогда сделать. 12. Хорошо бы, чтобы вы не опаздывали. 13. Жаль, что вы опоздали на первый урок.   Ex.11 Describe today's weather expressing your likes and dislikes (...as if..., I wish...)  

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Ex.12 Reproduce in dialogue form the conversation between Ann and Kate: About Seasons Ann: In my opinion, the most pleasant season in Europe is spring. In May the weather is the finest, and all nature is the loveliest. I wish it were spring all the year round. Kate: You are not right. I like summer best of all. In fact I prefer it to any other season. In summer the hot sun ripens the corn and fruit. There are plenty of berries and fruit. Oh, if summer could last for ever. Ann: Strange as it may seem but there are people who like autumn. They are ready to say:" If only it were always autumn!" Kate: Yes. Helen likes autumn very much. She usually exclaims that there is nothing more beautiful than an Indian summer. She wishes autumn lasted 12 months a year. Ann: No autumn for me with its fogs and mist, and sleet. When autumn is over and winter sets in I usually say: "I wish I had never seen that sleet!" Kate: But winter is the season of snow storms, and of ice, of frozen rivers and ponds, and of slippery streets. I wish you hadn't mentioned winter as the best season at all. Ann: But think of skating on the ice, or skiing in the country and sledging. To me, winter has its own peculiar interest and beauty. I wish people could appreciate all these pleasures of winter days. Kate: I wish I hadn’t started the argument with you about people's favourite seasons. Ann: Oh, there you are. Don't let's argue any more. I wish we could go skating together. · Make up a dialogue on one of the topics that suits you using the Subjunctive II pattern in "wish" and "as if" clauses. !!! Discussion:Think of the most important class you have ever taken. Why did you enjoy this class so much? Use specific reasons and details to explain your answer. Adverbial Clauses of Concession Such clauses are joined to the main clause by the conjunctions "even if", "even though" and are also used with Subjunctive II. Ex. Even though he were free, he wouldn't go with us. Даже если бы он был свободен, он не пошёл бы с нами. Very often modal phrases are employed before the main verb. Ex. Even if he might be free... Даже если бы он оказался свободным... Ex.1 Make the clauses of concession less probable by using Subjunctive II: Model: If I am late, don't wait for me. Even if I were late, don't wait for me. (or: Even though I might be late...) 1. If you come back soon, ring me up. 2. Even there is nothing new, you are to report to say so. 3. If there are any changes, the committee will know. 4. If you meet with a difficulty, you may come for my help any time you find fit. 5. If she asks you for an immediate answer, try to delay as long as you can under any pretext.  

Ex. 5. Turn the following sentences into complex sentences with the subject clause according to the model. Model: The child is naughty. It annoys me. - It is annoying that the child should be naughty. 1. She suggested going for a walk. It's not surprising. The weather is so fine. 2. His eyesight is poor. He wears glasses. It is necessary. 3. This five-year old child can read and write. It's remarkable. 4. She is in high spirits. It's not surprising. She has just passed her exam in English. 5. Children must spend much time in the open air. It's advisable. 6. He must consult his doctor. It's most necessary. 7. He has not come. It's odd. 8. She loves her son passionately. It's natural. 9. They always take Kate for Ann. It's funny. Ex. 6. A. Complete the following situations. 1. The weather is so fine. It's advisable that.... 2. The translation is very difficult. It's highly probable that.... 3. He didn't tell us the truth, though it was necessary.... 4. They couldn't cope with the task and it was necessary.... 5. We had very little time left and it was important that.... 6. She knew next to nothing about painting, so it was absurd.... 7. They had a lot of work to do and it's incredible... 8. They had a row yesterday and it's amazing.... 9. She has been learning English since childhood, it is not surprising.... 10. It rained heavily all morning and it's extraordinary.... 11. It is indeed unfortunate that.... 12. It is comparatively unimportant that.... B. Make up similar mini-situations of your own. Ex. 7. Supply the missing principal clauses to justify the use of the Suppositional Mood. 1.... he should say many things that he had said before. 2.... she should be aware of what had happened. 3.... you should have learnt about it. 4.... she should not remember such an important detail. 5.... I should start as soon as possible. 6.... she should be paying more attention to her studies. 7.... he should have been satisfied with this work. 8.... she should have been told the truth. 9.... you should have asked that. 10.... she should have aroused an interest. 11.... she should have made such a mistake. 12.... you should be concerned with gossip. Ex. 8. Account for the statements given below, according to the model. Model: It's impossible that they should have missed their train. => It's impossible that they should have missed their train. They had plenty of time. Evidently they couldn't find a taxi. 1. It's not surprising that the performance should have been a success. 2. It's only natural that everyone should have approved his report. 3. It's annoying, that the noise in the corridor should interfere with our work. 4. It's not surprising that he should have been a difficult patient to cure. 5. It's absurd that she should be so excited.  

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Ex. 1. Analyse the forms of the Suppositional Mood in the following sentences and translate them into Russian. 1. It is very natural that she should wish to meet her. 2. It was not strange that he should so heartlessly have betrayed his friend’s confidence. 3. It was unthinkable that in a few short hours he should look like another man. 4. "Anyhow, it's quite unnecessary that you should know," said my uncle. 5. "It is most necessary that she should be there. 6. "It was funny that a little unexpected kindness should so affect her. 7. It was desirable that Althea should be paying more attention to her appearance. 8. It is inevitable that in it I should say many things that I have said before. 9. It was advisable that Miss Lawson should not be aware of what had happened. Ex. 2. Choose the proper form of the Suppositional Mood. 1. It's odd that it (should happen, should have happened) just now. Just when you were on the point of coming home. 2. It was terrifying that he (should lie, should have lied) so still. 3. Her clientele was mostly among the upper and professional classes in cases where it was important that the utmost discretion (should have been observed, should be observed). 4. But how strange it was that the creative spirit (should seize, should have seized) upon this dull stockbroker, to his own ruin perhaps and to the misfortune of such as were dependent on him. 5. It is an amazing thing that there (should be, should have been) a mistake at the funeral, an utterly amazing thing. Ex. 3. Use the Suppositional Mood instead of the Infinitive in brackets. 1. He thought it was impossible that Ernestine (to be) such a good actress. 2. For a fortnight it was necessary that someone (to stay) with him all night, and she took turns at watching with her husband. 3. It chilled me a little that Mrs Strickland (to be concerned) with gossip. 4. It was extraordinary to her that Jerry (to make) that sort of mistake. 5. It is necessary that you (to visit) Kathy, a most devoted girl. 6. It is natural that he (to like) the job. 7. It was strange that she (to be addressing) her own mother in such a way. 8. What a pity it is, that Edward (to have) no taste for drawing. 9. Don't you think it is a little unfortunate that you (to go) way for six weeks just as she comes back? Ex. 4. Refer the following sentences to the past, making all the necessary changes. 1. Perhaps it was only natural that he should laugh. 2. It seemed less odd that he should not recognize the obvious. 3. How odd that you should come here - to the place. 4. It isn't possible that I should make a mistake. 5. It seems so unnatural that they should never see one another. 6. It is only natural that he should write so many books about nature. 7. It is odd that he shouldn't answer your letter. 8. It's fair that he should win this competition. 9. It's annoying that it should rain all the time, we can't swim in the sea. 10. It is strange that he should be so irritable.  

Ex.2 Paraphrase the following so as to use Subj. II in adverbial clauses of concession: 1. If you happen to be present at the ceremonial meeting, congratulate them on our behalf. 2. I am sure nobody will have it much against you ever if you make a mistake. 3. And even if the letter by any occasion turns up at your office, please return it to us unopened. 4. Even if it happens so that we shall not find you in, we shall not go away and shall wait for you. 5. They will try their best to render you every support even if there is the slightest possibility. Ex.3 Translate the following: 1. Даже если он ничего вам не скажет, не думайте, что он ничего не заметил. 2. Даже если бы за это время и произошли какие-то изменения, они всё равно не повлияли бы на наше решение. 3. Даже если он спросил вас об этом, не говорите ему ничего. 4. Даже если бы вы узнали меня, не подавайте вида. 5. Если бы вам довелось побывать в нашем городе ещё раз, я надеюсь, вы не забыли бы дать нам знать об этом? 6. А что если она вдруг забудет об этом? 7. Скажите, что это я направил вас, даже если он вас не узнает. Additional exercises: - Natanson: pp. 25-31; Ex. 26 (27), 27 (27), 30 (29) - Krutikov: Ex. 4 (92), 7 (93)-10 s-s Subjunctive II in adverbial clauses of condition and simple exclamatory sentencesexpresses unreal condition referring: a) to the present or to the future (the second form of the verb) Ex. If only she came into the room now! If only the climate were better! b) to the past, where the past perfect form is used to indicate that nothing can be returned or reversed, and very often what remains is to regret the performed (or not performed) action. Ex. If only he had worked hard during the past term! (a desirable action was not fulfilled in time). That I had never been there! (an undesirable action was fulfilled). In other words such simple sentences state no condition but express a wish represented as unreal, or regret, to show that the speaker is sorry for something done or not done in the past. The free use of the Past Indefinite (Subjunctive II Present) and Past Perfect (Subjunctive II Past) to denote unreality is limited to three cases. We find Subjunctive II (present or past): a) in adverbial clauses of condition; b) in simple sentences, having the structure of clauses of condition; c) also traces of such use are found in certain expressions (had better, would rather, would sooner).  

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