Lecture 1. Comprehension Check

Fill up the gaps with the correct words:

1. The separation of the British Isles from the Continent took place thousands of years ago, after the last _______________.

2. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the ________ name of the country which occupies the territory of __________ off the north-________ coast of Europe.

3. Northern Ireland is also called _________, and the Irish Republic – ______.

4. The word ___________ refers to all people from the UK.

5. The total area of the country is approximately ___________ sq. km.

6. Great Britain and Ireland are separated by the _______ Sea, the ________Channel and ________ Channel.

7. Besides Great Britain and Ireland the British Isles include over _____ hundred much smaller islands.

8. The narrowest part of the English Channel is called ___________. It’s only ______ km wide.

9. The Tunnel Channel was first open for public use in ______.

10. The Orkney Islands and the Shetland Islands are to the north of _______.

11. A sailing and yachting regatta at a resort town of Cowes is held annually on the __________.

12. ______________ are Britain’s warmest islands.

13. The two largest of the Channel Islands are _____ and _________.

14. The Isle of Man can be found in the middle of the ______ Sea.

15. The islands of Jersey and Guernsey are very attractive for the rich people because ________________.

16. A very light warm cloth called _________ is made on the Hebrides.

17. The most northerly islands of the UK are _____________.

18. Jersey, Guernsey and Man are self-governing ______________.

19. The Orkney Islands are rich in ____________ remains which attract lots of tourists.

20. The Shetlands have become an important centre of the ____ industry.

21. The western coasts of Wales and Scotland are greatly ________ with numerous bays, inlets, estuaries, peninsulas and capes.

22. Lace-work shawls and ponies are the two famous products of the ______Islands.

23. The physical _________ of the country is formed mostly by the combination of its mountain ranges, uplands, plateaus, lowlands, plains, valleys and inland waters.

24. The most important mountains in England – its “backbone” – are the ___________.

25. The grassy __________ serve as a natural borderline between England and Scotland.

26. Scafell is the highest peak in the _____________ in north-west England.

27. Windermere, Grassmere, Ullswater, Hawswater are picturesque ________ between the Cumbrian Mountains.

28. The great English poets Wordsworth, Coleridge, Southey and Quincey lived and created their lyrical poetry in the famous ___________.

29. The South-West Peninsula of Great Britain (the counties of Cornwall, Devon and Somerset) is made up of _________separated by ______.

30. The upland masses of the South-West Peninsula are called _________.

31. The lower hill ranges stretch over much of England –________ Moors, the limestone _________, the chalk _________ and __________, and the _________ Hills. The low-lying lands include the ___________ and ____________ Fens, the ________ Broads and the ______ Marshes.

32. The most westerly point of Great Britain is __________, and the most southerly point of the island is ____________.

33. _________ is a narrow strip of land projecting into a sea or lake from the mainland.

34. The territory of Wales is covered by the ____________mountains (the highest peak is ____________, 1,085 m).

35. In general, South Wales is engaged in the ___________ and ______ industries.

36. Geographically Scotland may be divided into three major physical regions: the ________, the __________ and the_____________.

37. The Highlands are separated into two parts by the long straight depression known as ________.

38. In the early 19^th century the ________ in Scotland were joined to form the Caledonian Canal which connected the two coasts.

39. In the central part of Scotland are the ___________ with the highest peak in the British Isles _________ (1,347 m).

40. The most severe weather in Britain is in the _____________.

41. Life supporting farming in the Highlands, in which the farmer and his family consume their own produce, is called ________.

42. The Southern Uplands form a broad belt of __________ country.

43. The Central Lowlands of Scotland lie between the ________ and the ____________.

44. The highest peak in the Northern Ireland is ___________.

45. Off the north coast of the Northern Ireland is the famous __________, where the basalt solidified in remarkable hexagonal columns.

46. The longest river of Great Britain is ________ (350 km) but ___________ is the most important water artery.

47. Most of the large ports are situated in the _________ (wide parts of the rivers where they join the sea.)

48. The largest fresh water lake is _________ (391 sq km) in Northern Ireland.

49. Britain’s climate is dominated by the influence of the sea and the waters of the ________ (a warm current of the northern Atlantic Ocean).

50. The East of the country is said to be in the _________ – it is drier.

51. ___________ (extremely dry weather) are rare in Britain.

52. Upland areas are colder than lowland areas because _________ may also modify the temperature.

53. In general, the climate is _________, i. e. there are no extreme contrasts in temperature anywhere in Britain.

54. British people regularly listen to weather __________ on radio and television.

55. All native _____ and _________ in Britain is made up of plants and animals that migrated from Europe.

56. A ________ is an area of very wet land with wild plants growing in it.

57. In the mountainous regions the vegetation is represented by ________ and mixed forests.

58. The Highlands, the Pennines, the Lake District, the mountains of Wales and some parts of north-east and south-west England have large stretches of moorland covered with _________.

59. Only a third of agricultural lands is _________, the rest of them are pastures and meadows.

60. The typical English countryside landscape is farming land divided into fields by stone walls or __________.

61. In Britain such animals as wolves, bears, boars, reindeer and Irish elks have become almost _________.

62. There are about 430 ______ of birds on the Isles including many songbirds.

63. Fish is __________ in the British waters.

64. The most important coal ________ are in Yorkshire, the Midlands, Lancashire, North-East England, South Wales and Central Scotland.

65. The country imports a lot of ______ materials.

66. As Britain is a small densely populated country, it is _________ to environment pressures and degradation to a great extent, especially in large urban areas.

67. The natural heritage of the Isles has long been suffering from ________ and ________ mining, intensive use of ________ in agriculture, _______ gases of automobiles and industrial __________.

68. Intensive large-scale farming destroyed thousands of _______ that characterized the English landscape.

69. In the middle of the 20^th century both British people and the Government realized the vital importance of __________ protection.

70. AONB stands for the “__________________________”.

71. The aim of national parks is to conserve and enhance the natural beauty, wildlife and cultural ________ they contain.

72. The problem of _______ (a mixture of smoke and fog) was successfully solved in the 1960s and 1970s, when laws were passed forbidding open coal fires for heating homes and restricting pollutions from factories.

73. Environmental degradation was slowed down by creating ___________ – areas protected from inappropriate building development where people can seek recreation.

74. The biggest environmental problem is air, water, and land __________.

75. SSSI stands for __________________.

76. The invaluable assistance is offered by ________ conservation organizations and _________ groups.

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