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an exploration technique involving
the use of seismic methods - see
seismic survey
Sector
an area of the continental shelf in which
the mineral rights belong to one particular
state
Sulphur
an element that is present in some
crude oil and natural gas as an impurity
in the form of its various compounds
(eg mercaptans)
Gas grid
a network of pipelines used to distribute
gas to industrial and domestic consumers
Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)
a mixture of light hydrocarbons derived
from oil-bearing strata which is gaseous
at normal temperatures but which has
been liquefied by refrigeration or pressure
in order to facilitate storage or
transport, it generally consists mainly of
propane and butane Sometimes known
as condensate
Liquefied natural gas (LNG)
natural gas that has been liquefied by
refrigeration or pressure in order to facilitate
storage or transport, it generally
consists mainly of methane
Syncline
a tectonic structure in which strata are
folded so as to form a dip or bowl (i e
concave on top)
Synthetic natural gas (SNG)
gas manufactured from coal or oil that
has the same basic chemical composition
and burning characteristics as
natural gas
Synthetic rubber
rubber that is manufactured from
petrochemicals rather than obtained naturally
from rubber trees
Perforating gun
see gun perforator
Pipe hook
a steel hook used in handling drill pipes
Rotary RPM
the number of revolutions per minute of
the drilling table, i e the angular velocity
of the drilling bit during rotary drilling
Pig
a piece of equipment that is inserted into
a pipeline and is carried along by the
flow of oil or gas, used to clean or monitor
the internal condition of the pipeline or
to mark an interface between two different
products
Latent heat
the amount of heat required to change
the state of unit mass of a substance
from solid to liquid or liquid to gas without
any change in temperature, e g, the
latent heat of fusion of ice is 80 cal/g and
the latent heat of vaporization of water is
540 cal/g
Blind auction
see sealed bid auction
Downcomer
a duct which carries the liquid flowing
down a distillation tower from one tray to
the one below it
Compound interest
interest calculated on the basis of the
principal plus accumulated interest,
rather than on the principal alone
Stratum
see strata
Lubricant
a substance (generally based on heavy
liquid hydrocarbons) used to reduce friction
in an engine or machine
Smectite
see bentonite
Mixture
a co-mingling of two or more substances
in which each substance retains its
chemical nature and identity
Mixing mud
the preparation of drilling mud by
mixing water or other fluids with clays
and dry chemicals
Miscible
descriptive of substances, usually liquids,
which mix together to form a homogeneous
mixture
Resin
a solid, or semi-solid, mixture of organic
substances of complex composition, having
no definite melting point, as in plastic
resins made from hydrocarbon feedstocks
Unitization
when owners of oil and/or gas reserves
pool their/ individual interests in return for
an interest in the overall unit, which is then
operated by a single company on behalf
of the group, thus increasing efficiency
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