Theme 8. British policy in Tibet in 1912-1933

The return of Dalai Lama to Tibet in 1912.Attempts of Britain to re-establish Tibet as a buffer zone. The decalartion of Tibetan independence by the 13^th Dalai Lama. Conference in Simla in 1914. The Anglo-Tibetan Simla Agreement as an unequal bargain: in return for India's frontier security, the Tibetans were promised diplomatic and military support in their stmggle with China. Britain proclaimed Chinese ‘suzerainty’ over an ‘autonomous’ Tibet. Situation in Tibet during World War I. Redifining of British interests in China after 1918. Plans of transformation of Tibet in the 1920s. British policy of the 1920s and 1930s led to eventual loss of Tibet’s independence: Britain wanted Tibet as a buffer but was not prepared to give the support necessary for it to remain independent. Foreign Office’s a 'wait-and-see' approach as a 'dormancy' policy. The 1921 Washington Conference as the crossroad in Anglo-Tibetan policy. Anti-British boycott in China after 1925. Moving allegiance of Dalai-Lama away from Britain towards China. British support of Chinese nationalism in post World War II period and Communist China’s invasion into Tibet in 1955.

Theme 9. Soviet help to Xinjiang governor Sheng Shicai in the 1930s

Soviet policy towards Xinjiang in the 1930s. Soviet-Xinjiang economic and cultural relations. Coup d’etat in the province. Revolt in Komul. Dungan invasion led by Ma Zhong-ying. White Russians, Soviet promotion of Sheng Shicai in the province. April Revolution in Xinjiang. She duban’s policy towards the Central Guomindang government and friendship with the Soviet Union. Anti-imperialist policy of Sheng Shicai: April Revolution and its slogans. Limitations of the British consulate activities in Kashgar. Britsih position towards Chinese Central Asia. Repressions and purges in the province. Intoduction of the Soviet model of national policy in Xinjiang. Xinjiang as a semi-colony of the USSR.

Theme 10. British-Xinjiang relations in the 1920-1930s: British consulate in Kashgar and trade relations

British policy towards Xinjiang in the 1920-1930s. Establishing British Consulate in Kashgar. Macartney in Kashgar. Russian Consulates in Xinjiang. Owen and Eleonor Lattimore’s travel to Eastern Turkistan. Christian missionaories in Kashgaria. Bolshevick revolution in Russia of 1917 and transformation of relations with Xinjiang. Trade relations between Xiniang and Brtish India.

Warlords and the rule of Yan Zen-xing in Xinjiang. Isolationalist policy of Yan Zen-xing in Xinjiang. Russian and Soviet stages in relations with China.

Дата добавления: 2015-11-14