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1. When it’s clear which thing or person we mean.
e.g. Give me the chair. (Дай мені (цей)стілець.)
2. the + superlative + noun
e.g.She is the most beautiful girl in my class.
3. The + things that are unique
e.g. the sun, the sky, etc.
4. The + adjective
e.g. The young should respect the old.
5. The + nationality (when you mean the people of that country)
e.g. The English drink a lot of tea.
The French are famous for their food.
6. The … + of
e.g. the Europe of the Middle Ages;
the door of the room;
the Statue of Liberty;
the Bank of Scotland.
7. The + ordinal numeral
e.g. He is in the first form.
8. The + the name which denotes the whole family
e.g. The Ivanovs lived in Kharkiv.
9. The + names that include: union, republic, states, kingdom
e.g. the United States – Сполучені Штати
the United Kindom - Сполучене Королівствою
10. The + plural names
e.g. the Netherlands – Нідерланди
the Philippines – Філіппіни.
11. The + rivers, seas, oceans, lakes; mountain ranges
e.g. the Pacific Ocean
the Biack Sea
the Suez Channel –
the Thames (or the River Thames)
the Baikal (but: Lake Baikal)
the Alps
12.
| Theatres, cinemas, art galleries, clubs, museums, hotels, concert halls |
the +
e.g. the Shevchenko Drama Theatre
the National Gallery
the British Museum
the Plaza Hotel
| restaurants, pubs, cafes |
13. the +
e.g. the Rock Café
the Red Lion (pub)
| names of newspapers |
14. the +
e.g. the Times
the Washingtjn Post
Remember!
| Zero article + | streets, roads, squares, parks; individual mountains; airports, stations, languages, transport, sports, natural phenomena, meals | e.g. Оxford Street Trafalgar Square Hyde Park Mount Everest by train / car / dus / texibasketball fog for breakfast / lunch |
| collective nouns | e.g. luggage furniture jewellery rubbish cutlery machinery etc. |
Pronouns
Personal Pronouns
| Subject pronouns | Object pronouns | ||
| singular | plural | singular | plural |
| I You He She it | We You they | Me You Him Her it | Us You them |
Compare:
| Did anyone tell (whom?) the boss or them? (object) | It was (who?) Tony and she (subject) who told (whom?) us (object) about thet |
Remember!
They often use object pronouns:
1. after be
e.g. Who is it?- It’s me/him/her/us/them (informal).
2. in answer to questions with who?
e.g. Who told him? – Me/Not me (informal)
or I did/ I didn’t (formal).
3. after as and then
e.g. He’s taller than me /He is as tall as me (informal)
or He’s taller than I am /He is tall as I am (formal)
Compare:
| Ted cares for her as much as I. (Ted cares for her as much as I cares for her) | Ted cares for her as much as me. (Ted cares for her as much as he cares for her me) |
| These sentences are both correct because they have two different meanings. So decide which meaning you want. Then choose either I or me. |
Possessives
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| Plurals of Nouns | | | Reflexive Pronouns |