Plurals of Nouns

№п/п	nouns ending in	take
1.	-s, -ss, -sh, -ch, -x, -o	-es Dress – dresses
but	radio piano photo video zoo	radios pianos photos videos zoos
2.	-f, -fe	-ves wife – wi ves
but	roof chief handkerchief proof safe	roof s chiefs handkerchiefs proofs safes
3.	-y	-ies
	story	stories

Irregular Plurals

a man – men a woman – women

a tooth – teeth a foot – feet

a goose – geese a mouse – mice

a child – children an ox – oxen

a deer – deer a sheep – sheep

a fish – fish a louse – lice

Countable and uncountable with different meanings

stuff/materials uncountable	things countable
glass cloth fish e.g. We had fish for dinner work drink paper hair e.g. She has beautiful hair. home     iron	a glass a cloth a fish e.g. He caught a big fish today. a work a drink a paper a hair e.g. There’s a hair in my soup. a home e.g. Her grandmother lives in a home (institution). an iron
experience e.g. You need experience for this job (knowledge).	experience e.g. We had many interesting experiences during our holiday (things that happened to us)
coffee/tea potato   chocolate e.g. Would you like some chocolate? Salt and pepper	a coffee and two teas potatoes e.g. Just two potatoes, please. a chocolate e.g. Would you like a chocolate?   a pepper

Omission of the noun after’s

Omit the noun after ’s when referring to work, places, shops, and houses.

e.g. the doctor ‘s rather than the doctor ‘s surgery

my mother ‘s rather than my mother ‘s house

Compound adjectives

(combination of numbers with nouns)

A noun used as an adjective doesn’t have plural.

age volume length price weight area duration depth time/distance

a three-year old house a two-litre car a ten-inch ruler a seventy-dollar suit a three-kilo dag of carrots a forty-acre farm a two-hour meeting a six-foot hole a ten-minute walk

Articles

Use of a/an

A/an is used before singular countable nouns.

1. e.g. He is a Ukrainian.

He is a Christian.

He is a Conservative.

to be + a/an He’s a Lytvyn.

It’s a Rembrandt.

It’s a Dickens novel

2. a/an + jobs

e.g. He works as a doctor

3. in the meaning of any

e.g. Give me a chair (Дай мені (будь-який)стілець).

4. in the meaning of one

e.g. A hundred.

I’d like a coffee (“one cup of coffee”).

5. When a person or thing is introduced for the first time.

e.g. I watched a man. The man looked like an actor.

6.

there + a/an

e.g. There is a book on the desk.

7.

What (in exclamatory sentences) Such Quite rather

+ a/an

e.g. She is still quite a child.

8. a/an + adjective + noun

e.g. She is a +nice + girl.

price/weight

9.

e.g. 50 hryvnyas a kilo

distance/fuel

e.g. 8 km a litre +a/an

Distance/speed

e.g. 60 km an hour

Frequency/time

e.g. twice a day

Use of the

Дата добавления: 2015-11-14