Text 5 Engine Lathe Parts

Просмотрите текст и выполните следующие задания:

I. Используя специализированный англо-русский словарь по технологии машиностроения и металлообработке, переведите следующие слова и словосочетания и запомните их:

bed

headstock

tailstock

ways

live centre

dead centre

carriage

saddle

cross-slide

fool rest

apron

gear (gearbox)

to feed

to align

II. Переведите следующие именные группы, обращая внимание на перевод слов в функции определения:

engine lathe parts; left-hand side; lathe centre; headstock (tailstock) spindle; various spindle speeds

III. Проанализируйте состав следующих слов:

movable; carriage; headstock; various

IV. Выпишите из текста интернациональные слова, проверьте их произношение и перевод по словарю.

V. Найдите в первом абзаце придаточные определительные предложения с бессоюзной связью и переведите их вместе с определяемыми существительными.

VI. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на бессоюзное присоединение придаточного предложения к главному.

1. The machine-tool is the original source of every manufactured article we use or touch.

2. The headstock carries a pair of bearings the spindle rotates in.

3. The speed the brake will stop the lathe with is affected by weight of the workpiece in the lathe.

4. In addition to such operations as turning and boring the lathe is primarily designed for many other operations may be performed on it.

5. The headstock incorporates the change gearbox a set of speed change levers drives.

VII. Переведите на русский язык следующие сочетания модальных глаголов с инфинитивом в страдательном залоге:

may be moved; can be clamped; can be removed; must be located; must be held; have to be aligned

VIII. Найдите во втором абзаце предложения со словом “one”, определите его функцию и переведите предложения.

IX. Найдите в тексте предложение с эмфатическим оборотом и переведите его.

X. Переведите следующие предложения с эмфазой:

1. It was in the time of Peter the Great when the first Russian machine-tools were built.

2. It is the second half of the 19^th century that is characterized by the transition from iron age to the steel one.

3. It is the lathe that is used for turning different objects and parts.

4. It is roughing tools that are applied for roughing or removing the excessive metal from the work.

5. It was J. Brown of the United States who built the first fully universal milling machine in 1862.

XI. Выпишите из третьего и четвертого абзацев слова с окончанием –ing, определите, какой глагольной формой они являются, а также их функции и переведите их вместе с относящимися к ним словами.

XII. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на функции герундия:

a. 1. Machining is carried out by means of single point tools mounted in holders.

2. Performing operations on small components is difficult.

b. 1. The machine tool needed testing.

2. The laboratory assistant began preparing instruments for the experiment.

3. Chucking means fastening the work in a chuck.

c. 1. Units for mounting in this surface include a universal table with the working area of 800-300 mm.

2. For separating iron from impurities the iron ore must be melted at a very high temperature.

d. 1. Alloy steel castings are coming into more general use with each year and they are influencing the manufacturing methods.

2. Much research is being done to improve not only alloy steel strength, but also its wearing qualities.

e. 1. By varying the proportions of non-ferrous metals, alloys that are hard or soft, weak or strong, can be produced.

2. Malleable iron before annealing is usually called “white iron”.

3. Upon being heated to a high temperature many metallic compounds are decomposed.

XIII. Переведите текст с учетом выполненных заданий. Четвертый абзац переведите письменно.

1. The largest part of the lathe is called the bed on which the headstock and the tailstock are fastened at opposite ends. The headstock is firmly clamped to the left-hand side of the bed. It carries a pair of bearings the spindle rotates in. On the upper part of the bed there are special ways the carriage and the tailstock slide upon. The tailstock may be moved anywhere along the lathe bed and can be clamped in place at any point.

2. The two lathe centers are used to support the work. The one in the headstock spindle is called the headstock or live centre because it rotates together with the headstock spindle and the work. The tailstock centre is called dead one because in most cases it does not rotate. The tailstock centre can be removed from the tailstock spindle.

3. The carriage is the movable part which slides between the headstock and the tailstock. It is made up of two principal parts one of which carries the saddle sliding upon the bed and on whichthe cross-slide and the tool rest are mounted. The other part termed the apron represents the front wall of the carriage. It contains the gears and clutches (муфты) for transmitting motion to the carriage. It is the carriage that feeds the cutter in the needed direction.

4. In turning different materials and works of different diameter lathes must be run at different speeds. The gears box contained in the headstock makes it possible to run the lathe at various speeds. Before turning a work in the lathe, the lathe centers have to be aligned, that means that the axes of both centers must be on one line.

XIV. Составте аннотацию текста.

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