Text 4 Lathes

Просмотрите текст и выполните следующие задания.

I. Используя специализированный англо-русский словарь по технологии машиностроения и металлообработке, переведите следующие слова и словосочетания и запомните их:

transverse

to face a workpiece

to ream

to thread

to mount

to operate

turret, turret lathe

engine lathe

bench lathe

skill

ways

II. Выпишите из текста именные группы и переведите их, обращая внимание на перевод слов в функции определения.

III. Проанализируйте состав следующих слов:

considerable, constructional, comparatively

IV. Назовите интернациональные слова, которые встречаются в тексте. Проверьте их произношение и перевод по словарю.

V. Найдите в первом абзаце слово, которое можно отнести к ложным друзьям переводчика. Уточните его правильное значение по словарю.

VI. Найдите в первом абзаце предложение с “as”, определите функцию этого слова и переведите вместе с относящимися к нему словами.

VII. Выпишите из текста сказуемые в страдательном залоге, в составе которых есть модальный глагол, и переведите их вместе с подлежащими.

VIII. Выпишите из обычного англо-русского словаря значение предлога “ because of ” и переведите следующее предложение:

Because of its ability to perform various operations this machine tool requires a great degree of skill to operate.

IX. Выпишите из текста причастия I в функции обстоятельства и переведите их на русский язык вместе с относящимися к ним словами.

X. Найдите в тексте предложения с независимым причастным оборотом и переведите их на русский язык.

XI. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на перевод причастия в зависимости от его формы и функции:

a. 1. The shape of the tool depends upon various factors, the material to be cut being one of them.

2. Nickel, chromium, vanadium are different alloying elements for making steel, nickel increasing the strength of steel.

3. The workpiece having been machined with a roughing tool, finishing tools are used to give accurate size to the workpiece.

4. The speed being too great, the cutting edge will be worn down too rapidly.

b. 1. While using engineering materials in practice one must know their properties.

2. Steel being one of the strongest metals, we use it for products where great strength is required.

3. The number and types of cutting tools used in practice are very large.

4. Different kinds of cutting tools are used for metal-cutting processes depending upon the kinds of metal being cut.

5. Some alloying elements make steel rust-resistant, such steels being called stainless steels.

6. Being the cheapest of the metals cast iron is widely used everywhere.

7. Having finished the experiment the engineers started a series of new tests.

8. When assembled the mechanisms undergo various tests.

9. The first metals used by men were gold, silver and copper, these metals being found in nature in the native or metallic state.

XII. Выпишите из второго абзаца предложение с оборотом “сложное подлежащее с инфинитивом” и переведите его на русский язык.

XIII. Найдите во втором абзаце предложение, в котором “one” выполняет функцию слова-заместителя. Переведите предложение на русский язвк.

XIV. Переведите текст с учетом выполненных заданий:

1. Being the oldest of the machine tools the lathe (a turning machine) is still the most important tool in any machine shop. As the name shows it is used for turning different objects and parts. In the lathe the workpiece revolves round its axis while a cutting tool is working on it removing metal in the form of chips. The cutting tool moving in a longitudinal direction or parallel to the axis, the operation is known as “turning”. When it moves in a transverse direction it is known as “facing”. Modern lathes are highly efficient and complex devices, all of them doing a great quantity and variety of work. Besides the basic operations of turning and boring many other operations can be performed on a lathe such as drilling, reaming, threading and even grinding and milling, no other machine tool performing such a variety of operations.

2. Lathes used in shop practice are known to be of different sizes and designs. The lathes fall into various types either according to their characteristic constructional features or according to the work for which they are designed. The most common types of lathes usually found in a machine shop are the engine lathe and the turret lathe. Engine lathes vary in size, ranging from the small bench lathe of only a few inches to the one many feet in length. The size of the engine lathe is based upon two measurements – approximate largest diameter that can be revolved over the ways and the total length of the bed. Because of its ability to perform various kinds of work it requires a great degree of skill to operate. The engine lathe, the term “engine” simply meaning a machine, is the machine tool on which many lathe operations are done. The turret lathe is so called because tools performing successive operations are clamped in a revolving turret. Besides, there are also many special-purpose lathes.

XV. Составьте аннотацию текта.

Дата добавления: 2015-11-14