Verbs are divided into notional, auxiliary and link verbs according to their syntactic function.

THE VERB

The verb is a part of speech which denotes an action. • The worker built the house.

MORPHOLOGICAL STRUCTURE

According to the morphological structure verbs are divid­ed into a) simple; b) derived; (производный) c) compound; d) composite (phrasal).

SIMPLE VERBS (love, sit, have, live etc)

DERIVED VERBS

Derived verbs have affixes (suffixes and prefixes) The main suffixes of derived verbs: -ate, -en, -(i)fy, -ize, -ish

The meaning of the verbs with re- differs from the meaning of the verbs with re + verb.
1) to re-collectвновь собрать 2) to re-cover снова покрывать 3) to re-turn вновь повернуть	- to recollect вспомнить - to recoverвыздоравливать, получать обратно - to return возвращаться

COMPOUND VERBS

Compound verbs consist of two stems. • to fulfil

COMPOSITE (PHRASAL) VERBS

A phrasal verb consists of a verb + a prepositional adverb (about, above, at, by, down, on, in, up etc). Prepositional adverbs are stressed. -IN, OFF, -AWAY etc are postpositions of adverbial origin and they often change the meaning of the verbs, with which they are associated.

to go (ходить) to go in – входить - to go out - выходить to go away - уходить to go by – проходить (мимо)

BASIC FORMS

The basic forms of the verb are the Infinitive, the past simple, participle II and participle I.

English verbs are divided into three groups:

1) regular verbs 2) irregular verbs 3) mixed verbs

NOTIONAL VERBS, AUXILIARY VERBS AND LINK VERBS

Verbs are divided into notional, auxiliary and link verbs according to their syntactic function.

□ Notional verbs have a full meaning of their own and can be used without any additional words as a simple predi­cate.

To know, to open, to begin, to write, to speak, to cut etc -are notional verbs.

He shut the door and went away. I cut my finger. He knew, he was wrong.

□ Auxiliary verbs have lost their meaning and they have only a grammatical function. They are used in analytical forms.

To do, to have, to be, shall, will, should, would, may - are auxiliary verbs.

I don't remember his telephone number. We have had dinner. We are not hungry.

The children are sitting and playing in their room. We shall go there tomorrow.

□ Link verbs have lost (to a smaller or greater extent) their meaning and are used in the compound nominal predicate.

To be, to look, to feel, to turn can be link verbs.

English is an international language. Mr Carter turned pale.

I felt disappointed but not unhappy. The flat was too small for the family.

! In different context the same verb can be used as a no­tional verb, an auxiliary verb or a link verb.

A tiger and lion are wild animals (Link verb). No one was there to help him (Notional verb).

The house was built twenty years ago (Auxiliary verb).

TRANSITIVE AND INTRANSITIVE VERBS

Transitive verbs can take a direct object. An action (which they express) passes on to a person or a thing. Such verbs as to see, to show, to bring, to love, to take, to give, to send, to make etc - are transitive verbs.

Intransitive verbs cannot take a direct object. Such verbs as to swim, to think, to lie, to stand, to laugh etc – are intransitive.

! Many verbs can be transitive and intransitive

GRAMMATICAL CATEGORIES

PERSON

In English there are but few forms indicating person of the verb:

1) the third person singular (in the present simple tense) I; you; we; they help he; she; it help s

2) the verb to be has forms for different persons: singular and plural (in the present simple and the past simple tenses)

I	am	was	we	are	were
you	are	were	you	are	were
he; she; it	is	was	they	are	were

NUMBER

There are two numbers in English:

a) singular • I, (he, she, it) like (likes) summer • I am a student. • I washappy. • I havea book. • I (he, she, it) livedin the city. I shallgo to the seaside.

b) plural — We (you, they) like summer We areat home. — We werehappy. — We havea big house. — We (they, you) livedin the city. They (you) willgo to the mountains.

TENSE

The English tenses denote time relations. There are four groups of tenses in English: I. Simple (Indefinite) II. Progressive (Continuous) III. Perfect IV. Perfect Progressive (Continuous)

Each of these groups includes four tenses: 1) Present 2) Past 3) Future 4) Future-in the-Past

Tenses	Indefinite (Simple)	Continuous (Progressive)	Perfect	Perfect Continuous (Progressive)
Present	Water boilsat 100 degrees Celsius.	The water is boil­ing.Can you turn it off?	-Would you like something to eat? — No, thank you. I havejust had lunch.	— How long hasit beenraining? —It has been rainingsince three o'clock.
Past	Mozart wrotemore than 600 pieces of music.	I burnt my hand while I was cook­ingdinner.	We went to Bar­bara's office, but she wasn't there. She had gone out.	I was very tired when I arrived home. I had been work­inghard all day.
Future	I shallprobably be at home early this evening.	— Willyou be passingthe post office when you are out? — Probably, why?	Do you think Carol will have passedthe exam by two o'clock? — I think so.	— The match will have been finish­ingat 9.30. — So, at ten you'11 be free.
Future -in the-Past	I said that I should askthe teacher.	He said that he would be read­ingthe book from 8 to 10.	I said that I should have ar­rivedhome by the supper.	I wondered how long they would have been packing by the time I re­turned.

ASPECT

The category of aspect shows whether the action is in process or completed.

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