Should and ought

CAN / COULD

Task 1. Extend the statements expressing the possibility of fulfilling the action in the future. Use the given suggestions:

I can’t do it now. (tomorrow) I’ll be ableto do it tomorrow.

1. He can’t speak to you now. (in an hour)

2. Tom can’t leave the hospital now. (in a fortnight)

3. They can’t speak English very well now. (after a year or two)

4. The girl cannot adapt to the changes in her lifestyle because of a kidney transplant right now. (in a few months’ time)

5. The car crash victim can’t return to work and her daily activities now. (after a few weeks)

6. I am in some form of debt now and can’t pay it back. (next month)

7. He can’t earn a lot of money now. (in the future)

8. I can’t overcome my depression and low moods now. (soon)

9. The woman can’t pay for the treatment now. (next week)

10. The physician can’t decide which treatment plan to choose right now. (one of these days)

Task 2. Change the following sentences (a) into the future, (b) into the past, using the given time expressions:

I can meet you. a) on Sunday b) because I had time I will be able to meetyou on Sunday. I could meet you because I had time.

1) We cannot understand it. (a) until you explain it

(b) because he spoke too fast

2) I can’t find it. (a) until tomorrow

(b) when we looked for it

3) My sister can’t help me. (a) until she comes home

(b) as she had no time

4) I can’t find your website. (a) until you show me the website address

(b) because I didn’t know the address

5) She can’t convey the

information verbally. (a) when she knows how to do this

(b) because she was frustrated

6) He can control his

emotions. (a) when he gets quite

(b) because he was calm

7) She can talk to her friend on

the phone. (a) tomorrow

(b) when she arrived home from work

8) She can work on a team. (a) if she feels quite comfortable

(b) because she felt quite comfortable with the team

Task 3. Analyze the following sentences. Explain the meaning of “can/could”:

1. The children who require foster care can be any age, from infancy through to those in their mid teens. 2. Mental disorders, learning difficulties, terminal illness and chronic disease can also qualify a person as being disabled. 3. When I was younger, I could run 3 miles without any sign of breathlessness. 4. Can you speak up a bit? I can’t understand a word. 5. For example, a woman pregnant who cannot provide a high quality of life for her child may consider adoption as an option. 6. You can smoke if you like. I don’t mind. 7. When you are expected to do something or be somewhere, can others count on you? 8. Individuals can suffer from different disabilities that affect the body in different ways. 9. They can’t be still waiting. An hour has passed already. 10. There are many different aspects to focus on when considering the social environment. This could be littering, community activities and graffiti concerns. 11. Somebody is coming up to the ward. It could be a doctor. 12. There are a number of good, upstanding citizens within the UK that can provide a loving, caring home to children who cannot stay in their own home.

Task 4. Answer the questions with a suggestion. Use “could”:

1. Will you go anywhere for your holidays or will you stay home? 2. How will you prepare for your classes? 3. What will your mother cook for dinner? 4. What will you do to keep fit? 5. Where will you spend your weekend? 6. What will you do to improve your students’ excellence rating? 7. What can you do to stay healthy? 8. What will you do tonight? 9. How many sweets will you take a day? 10. How much money will you spend on books?

MAY / MIGHT

Task 5. Express the same idea replacing the words possibly, perhaps by may be. Follow the pattern. Mind the order of words:

Perhaps (possibly)Mr. Jones is right. Mr. Jonesmay beright.

1) Possibly the information is wrong.

2) Perhaps, he is at home.

3) Possibly the appointment will be postponed.

4) Perhaps he is in the library.

5) Perhaps our group is in room 5.

6) Possibly Dr. Brown is in his office.

7) Perhaps this doctor’s working hours are over.

8) Possibly the calculations are wrong.

9) Perhaps the findings are controversial.

Task 6. Change the following sentences into the future according to the pattern:

a) May I go home early today? Will you allow me to go home early today? b) May she not pay you the money today? Will you allow her not to pay (you) the money today?

1) May he miss his classes tomorrow?

2) May I have a week’s holiday?

3) May the students look up the words in the dictionary now?

4) May I borrow your car tomorrow?

5) May I have a look at your notes?

6) May I not go for a check-up today?

7) May he not answer the question at once?

8) May she not do the job now?

9) May she postpone her visit to the doctor?

10) May we arrange another time for writing the test?

11) May I join the group therapy a bit later?

12) May he go home after finishing the work?

13) May I pay you back the debt next month?

Task 7. Analyze the following sentences. Explain the meaning of “may/might”:

1. The social worker can help you understand your feelings and adapt to changes in your lifestyle that might be necessary because of a transplant. 2. Doctor says I may not go out for 3 more days. 3. He might have gone to the party. 4. Social workers may intervene by providing individual, couple, or family counseling, offering group education or support. 5. A certified independent social worker may evaluate and intervene in complex difficulties in psychosocial functioning. 6. Your group mates might have realized their mistakes. But it’s too late now. 7. May we stay here for another week? 8. Students may not miss lectures. 8. Do you like to help people-to really make a difference in their daily lives? Then social work might be the field for you. 9. I may call you later. 10. Social workers might work with people who are homeless, sick, or having family problems. Or they might help students who are having trouble in school. 11. May we come a bit later?

MUST

Task 1. Re-word the sentences according to the pattern. Remember that there is no particle to after the modal verb must:

It is necessary for me to leave now. I must leave now.

1) It is necessary for us to be in time for the classes.

2) It is necessary for students to work hard and study well.

3) It is necessary for her to follow the prescribed treatment.

4) It is necessary for the client to feel comfortable and safe to be willing to share his/her thoughts with the psychologist.

5) It is necessary for children to avoid drug use.

6) It is necessary for the monitor to inform the students about the latest news.

Task 2. Change the sentences with the words probably, presumably to sentences with the verb must expressing probability:

She is presumably very tired after such a long journey. She must be very tired after such a long journey.

1. You are probably ready for the test.

2. That is probably the best rehabilitation center in this neighborhood.

3. The client is probably quite satisfied with the treatment results.

4. Your friend is presumably over 20.

5. Your passport is presumably at home.

6. My colleague is presumably a Korean.

7. This work is probably very challenging.

Task 3. Answer the following questions according to the pattern. Use the words suggested:

Do we have to read this material for today? (No/for tomorrow) – No, we have to read it for tomorrow.

1) Do they perform a laboratory work now? (No/from 1 to 3)

2) Does the patient have to take this medicine once a day? (No/three times a day)

3) Does she have to take her children to school every day? (No/only four times a week)

4) Do you have to write a grammar test today? (No/tomorrow)

5) Do we have to come here at 8.30? (No/at 10)

6) Do they have to start the experiment now? (No/in a couple of days)

7) Do I have to read it out? (No/read it to yourself)

8) Do all the students have to present their reports at the same day? (No/only those whose names are on the list)

9) Do we have to wear a white gown all the time? (No/only during the doctor’s working hours)

10) Do I have to present my findings right now? (No/tomorrow)

Task 4. Express the obligation to do the following actions in the future. Use the words suggested:

I needn’t to do it now. (tomorrow) But I’ll have todo it tomorrow.

1. He needn’t go home now. (in an hour)

2. I needn’t return the book this week. (next week)

3. You needn’t switch on the light now. (in an hour when it gets dark)

4. We needn’t wear our white coats now. (in half an hour when we enter the laboratory)

5. He needn’t see the tutor at 2 o’clock. (at 4)

6. I needn’t go to work today. It’s my day-off. (tomorrow)

7. You needn’t speak about it now. (later)

8. You needn’t check the information right now. (a bit later)

9. She needn’t operate this equipment now. (tomorrow)

10. We needn’t write any tests today. (next week)

Task 5. Give short negative answers followed by statements in which the words suggested are to be used:

Did you have to return the book to the library yesterday? (the day before yesterday) – No, I didn’t. I had to return it to the library the day before yesterday.

1) Did she explain have to explain her absence to the teacher? (to the Dean)

2) Did they have to arrive an hour ago? (two hours ago)

3) Did you have to go to the psychologist last week? (a fortnight ago)

4) Did he have to help all patient groups? (only groups who are affected by acute, chronic, and terminal illnesses)

5) Did you have to arrange everything for the meeting yourself? (my assistant/help)

6) Did the social worker have to record all the information about the client? (only the relevant one)

7) Did you have to learn this theoretical material for today? (for yesterday)

SHOULD and OUGHT

Task 6. Extend the statements according to the pattern. Use the words suggested:

Don’t take this medicine now. (in an hour) You should take this medicine in an hour.

1. Don’t drive so fast. (a bit slower)

2. Don’t take off your white gowns now. (when you leave the laboratory)

3. Don’t cross the road now. (when the lights turn green)

4. Don’t speak to the client now. (when he calms down)

5. Don’t write in pencil. (in ink)

6. Don’t copy the text now. (at home)

7. Don’t wake him up now. (in half an hour)

8. Don’t make an oral presentation. (a poster presentation)

9. Don’t rely on his calculations. (check them)

10. Don’t speak so loudly in a public place. (a bit quieter)

11. Don’t hesitate. (make up a decision at once)

12. Don’t smoke. (take care of your health)

Task 7. Extend the statements according to the pattern. Use the verb ought to and the words suggested in your sentences:

Mrs. Brown is not well. (see a doctor) She ought to see a doctor.

1) This student is so untidy. (be neater)

2) Mary is so selfish. (help her relatives)

3) He isn’t punctual. (come on time)

4) Your friend is very rude. (be more polite)

5) The client is so forgetful. (write down things)

6) These students are idle too often. (study more)

7) You work too much. (have a rest)

8) This doctor is very impatient. (more patient, especially while dealing with children and the old)

9) He is very careless about the claims. (more attentive to the claims)

Дата добавления: 2015-11-16