Джон Дэвисон Рокфеллер - первый миллиардер в мировой истории

представительство - branch

бедствовать - live in poverty

уходить на вольные хлсПл -Ixvonu- livrulirclmj',

бухгалтерия - bookkeeping

Первым в истории не только США но и всей планеты официальным миллиардером стал Джон Денисом Рокфеллер, американский бизнесмен и основатель огромной империи, которая в последующем раскинула свои представительства по всему миру. Сегодня Рокфеллер, несметные сокровища и огромное богатство стали практически синонимами. Но как же все-таки все начиналось?

Родился Джон Рокфеллер - 8 июля 1839 года в семье немецких эмигрантов, которая не имела огромных денег, хотя и не бедствовала. Вместе с тем основным правилом семьи Рокфеллеров было — «работай и экономь». Сам Рокфеллер после окончания школы поступает в колледж но вскоре его бросает и проходя небольшие курсы бухгалтерии устраивается на работу. На работе Джон долго не задерживается и уже через год с небольшим скандалом уходит на вольные хлеба. Дело в том, что после практики ему предложили заработную плату в 3 раза меньше чем его коллегам-бухгалтерам. Собственно, вся история жизни Рокфеллера до начала занятия бизнесом является типичной для того времени.

Task 3. Read and translate the text into Russian. Find the correct variant of the answer

break out - разразиться, вспыхнуть

transitory - временный

hostility - враждебность

marshal - вовлекать

chapter - отделение, филиал

endorse - рекомендовать

public office - государственное учреждение

outnumber - превосходить численно

in excess of- более чем

submit - представлять на рассмотрение

THE ANTI-SALOON LEAGUE

In reaction (1) this, the extraordinary "Women's War" broke out across the nation in 1873. Thousands of women marched from church meetings to saloons, where with prayer and song they (2) —with transitory results—that saloonkeepers (3) their businesses. By 1900, millions of men and women were beginning to share this hostility toward the saloon and to regard it as the most dangerous social (4) then threatening the family. The Anti-Saloon League of America (ASL), organized (5) Ohio, effectively marshaled such people into political action. State chapters of the ASL endorsed candidates for public office and demanded of their state governments that the people be allowed to vote yes or no on the question of continuing to license (6) saloons.

By 1916, no less than 23 of the 48 states had adopted antisaloon laws, which in those states closed the saloons and prohibited the manufacture of any alcoholic beverages. Even more significant, the national elections of that (7) returned a U.S. Congress in which the ASL - supported dry members (those who (8) Prohibition) outnumbered the wet members (those who were

against Prohibition) by more than two to one. (9) December 22, 1917 Congress submitted to the states the 18th Amendment to the Constitution, which prohibited "the manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating (0)." By January 1919 ratification was complete, with 80 percent of the members of 46 state legislatures recorded in approval.

1. a. for

2. a. wept

3. a. look for

4. a. academy

5. a. in

6. a. the

7. a. week

8. a. condemned

9. a. for 0. a. nuts

b. to

c. in

d. at

b. begged c. demanded d. cried

b. put on

c. take off

b.institution c. office

b. on

b. a

b. year

b. collaborated

b. to

b. burgers

c. under

c. an

c. day

c. supported

c. on

c. seeds

d. give up d. department d. at d. -

d. month d. criticized d. at d. liquors

Task 4. Read and translate the text into Russian. Make sentences with a bold word. Find 3 synonyms for this word.

PROHIBITION IN OTHER COUNTRIES

accelerate - ускорять, убыстрять

rally - объединять, сплочать

deadly foe - злейший враг

vote out - провалить (проект)

drinking establishments - питейные заведения

profit motive - стимул к получению прибыли

competition - конкуренция

outlaw - объявлять незаконным

At this (1) point in history, most Protestant nations had come to regard drinking as a social (2)evil, and the Prohibition movement was being accelerated by the circumstances of World War I. While rallying British workers to increase their productivity in support of the war (3)effbrt, Prime Minister David Lloyd George stated that "we are fighting Germany, Austria, and drink; and, as far as I can see, the greatest of these three deadly (4)foes is drink." Soon the British government limited the sale of alcoholic drink to a few early evening hours. In Scotland, the citizens of towns and villages had the right (local option) to vote out drinking (5)establishrnents after 1920.

In Sweden, where the movement had been (6)strong since the 1830s, the government abolished both the profit motive and the competition from the liquor (7)traffic after 1922 by nationalizing it. An even harsher (S)measure there restricted sales to 1 liter (about 1 qt) per family per week. In Norway, voters outlawed the sale of drinks with an alcoholic (9)content of more than 12 percent by referendum in 1919. That same year the Finnish government (O)banned the sale of any drink of more than 2 percent alcohol. Canada was then dry in all provinces.

Task 5. Read and translate the text into English

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