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Mechanics

Nowadays modern mechanics is presented by two sub-fields: classical and quantum. Classical mechanics is one of the two major sub-fields of study in the science of mechanics, which is concerned with the set of physical laws governing and mathematically describing the motions of bodies. It is a huge body of knowledge about the natural world. It also constitutes a central part of technology. That is, how to apply this knowledge for human purposes. Briefly stated, mechanics is concerned with the motion of physical bodies, and with the forces that cause, or limit, these motions, as well as with forces which such bodies may, in turn, give rise to. The other sub-field is quantum mechanics. The term classical mechanics was coined in the early 20th century to describe the system of mathematical physics developed in the 400 years since the groundbreaking works of Kepler, and Galileo, but before the development of quantum physics. Quantum physics (and more specifically quantum mechanics) refers to developments since approximately 1900, starting with similarly decisive discoveries by Planck, Einstein.

The initial stage in the development of classical mechanics is often referred to as Newtonian mechanics, and is associated with the mathematical methods invented by Newton himself, in parallel with Leibniz, and others. While the terms classical mechanics and Newtonian mechanics are usually considered equivalent, the conventional content of classical mechanics was created in the 19th century and differs considerably (particularly in its use of analytical mathematics) from the work of Newton.

Classical mechanics produces very accurate results within the domain of everyday experience. It is enhanced by special relativity for objects moving with high velocity, more than about a third the speed of light. Classical mechanics is used to describe the motion of macroscopic objects, from projectiles to parts of machinery, as well as astronomical objects, such as spacecraft, planets, stars, and galaxies, and even microscopic objects such as large molecules. Besides this, many specialties exist, dealing with gases, liquids, and solids, and so on. It is one of the largest subjects in science and technology.

Sub-fields	розділи
Quantum mechanics	квантова механіка
To give rise	викликати, спричиняти
Briefly stated	коротше кажучи
To be coined	бути створеним
Motion	рух
Decisive	рішучий, безсумнівний
Approximately	приблизно
To be referred to	вважатися
Conventional	традиційний
Accurate	точний
Domain	сфера
Projectile	снаряд
Liquid	рідина
Solid	тверда речовина

Comprehension check.

1. What is classical mechanics? What is another term for it?

2. What sub-fields of mechanics do you know?

3. When was the term classical mechanics coined?

4. What famous scientists made their contribution to the development of mechanics?

5. What is classical mechanics used for?

Дата добавления: 2015-11-16