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Judicial professions
There are about 50.000 solicitors, a number which is rapidly increasing, and they make up by far the largest branch of profession in England and Wales. They are found in every town, where they deal with all the day- today work of preparing legal documents for buying and selling houses, making wills, etc.
Solicitors also work on court cases for their clients, prepare cases for barristers to present in the higher courts, and may represent their client in a Magistrates' court.
BARRISTERS
There are about 5.000 barristers who defend or prosecute in the higher courts. Although solicitors and barristers work together on cases, barristers specialize in representing clients in court and the training and career structures for the two types of lawyer are quite separate. In court, barristers wear wigs and gowns in keeping with the extreme formality of the proceedings. The highest levels of barristers have the title QC (Queen's Counsel).
JUDGES
The judge is supposed to conduct the trial impartially and in an open court. There are a few hundred judges, trained as barristers, who preside in more serious cases. There is no separate
training for judges.
JURY
A jury consists of twelve people ("jurors"), who are ordinary people chosen at random from the Electoral Register (the list of people who can vote in elections).
The jury listens to the evidence given in court in certain criminal case, and decides whether the defendant is guilty or innocent. If the person is found guilty, the punishment is passed by the presiding judge. Juries are rarely used in civil cases.
MAGISTRATES
A magistrates' court or court of petty sessions, formerly known as a police court, is the lowest level of court in England and Wales and many other common law jurisdictions.
There are about 30.000 magistrates (Justices of the Peace or JPs), who judge cases in the lower courts. They are usually unpaid and have no formal legal qualifications, but they are respectable people who are given some training.
CORONERS
A coroner is a government official who confirms and certifies the death of an individual within a jurisdiction. A coroner may also conduct or order an investigation into the manner or cause of death, and investigate or confirm the identity of an unknown person who has been found dead within the coroner's jurisdiction.
Exercises
III. Choose the correct definition for each legal profession mentioned in the text:
| 1) | a public official with authority to hear and decide cases in a law court; |
| 2) | a group of people who swear to give a true decision on issues of in a law court; |
| 3) | an official who investigates the cause of any death thought to be violent or unnatural cases; |
| 4) | a lawyer who has the right to speak and argue in higher law courts; |
| 5) | a lawyer who prepares legal documents, advises clients on legal and speaks for them in lower law court. |
IV. Find in the text the English equivalents for the words below:
складати заповіт
підготувати юридичні документи
насильницька смерть
суддя
цивільна справа
признати винним
дотримуватися традицій
переслідувати у судовому порядку
давати свідчення
займатися повсякденною працею
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| I.New words and word combinations | | | IX. Define the form and syntactical function of Participle I. |