The Complex Sentence

	Subordinating conjunctions or connectives	Sentences
Subject Clauses	a) that, whether, if; b) who, what, which; c) when, where, how, why	It is strange that he has taken it for granted. That he has taken it for granted is strange. It is possible that he may be in management. That he may be in management is possible. It is uncertain when he got into debt. When he got into debt is uncertain. It is a mystery why they have broken their engagement. Why they have broken their engagement is a mystery. It is not known whether she will come into money Whether she’ll come into money is not known. It is his brother who let me down.
Predicative Clauses	a) that, whether, if, as if; b) who, what, which; c) when, where, how, why	She looks as if she feels inclined to come to his rescue. The idea is that we should give him a trial. This is why I’ve put in a word for you. The question was what there was on her mind.
Object Clauses	a) that, if, whether; b) who, what, which; c) when, where, how, why	I was surprised that she should have put on airs. Time will show whether they’ll let bygones be bygones. He pointed to the fact that they were beating about the bush. She asked why he went out of his way to put a stop to everything. I wish you could take the rough with the smooth. He owed it to his first teacher that he had a good pronunciation.
Attributive Clauses	a) who, whose, that, which, as; b) where, when	She had a gift of mimicry which she kept in check. He came to that stage of life when he was bound to earn his living. She gave him such a treat as he had never had before.
Adverbial Clauses	of time	when, as, after, till, as soon as, until, since, as long as, before, now that, while, whenever, hardly… when, no sooner … than	When you get into my shoes, you won’t turn a hair. You’ll feel at home as soon as you confide your grief to smb. Now that she has turned the tables on him, she felt satisfied. Hardly had he got even with the boy when he got into another mischief.
of place	where, wherever	Wherever he may be, he always acquires the reputation of a reliable man. Presently he returned to where he led a devil of a life.
of cause	because, since, as, for fear that, on the ground that	Since you insist, I won’t interfere with your private concerns. As the weather was gorgeous, we went for a stroll.
of purpose	that, so that, lest, in order that	She took much pains so that he could be as pleased as Punch.
of result	so that, so… that	I was so sharp with her that she was taken aback. Hills rose on every side, so that the valley was gloomy even in the day time.
of condition	if, unless, suppose, supposing, provided, on condition	They will never trust him if he lets them down. Suppose he gives you away, what will you do?
of comparison	as if, as though, than, as…as, not so…as	He’ll do you an injustice sooner, than you expected. She looked concerned as if smb got her on the raw.
of concession	though, although, whoever, whatever, however, in spite of, no matter how	Though he pulled himself together, he kept silence. Whatever you may do, I won’t reproach you for it.
of manner	as	She took him down a peg, as it was expected.

Types of Predicates	Example	He smokes a lot. The book has been read. He gave a start. He had a smoke. I lost sight of the coast. They made fun at the party.	He is a doctor. The milk smells sour. He became a doctor. I got nervous. She grew sad. She remained reserved. The weather continues fine. He sat amazed. She lay senseless. he came home angry.	He can read English. You must stay here.   They are going to visit England. I have to leave. He wanted to win. She expected to solve the problem.	We began to discuss the text. They continued reading. He stopped smoking.
Structure	a. a finite verb in any tence and voice b.a phraseological unit 1. to have a smoke, to give a kiss, to take a look 2. to get rid of, to lose sight of, to make fun	a.a link-verb + predicative link verbs 1. of being – be, seem, look, taste, smell 2. of becoming – become, get, turn, grow 3. of remaining- remain, continue, keep b.a finite verb + predicative f. v.: to lie, sit, stand, go, come, fall, leave.	a. a modal verb + Infinitive can, must, may, shall, will, should, would, ought to b.a modal expression + Infinitive to be going, to be anxious, to be able, to have to c.a verb with a modal meaning + Infinitive to want, try, wish, hope, expect, intend	an aspect verb + Infinitive a.to begin, start, commence, set about b.to continue, go on, keep (on) c.to finish, stop, give up
Simple	Nominal	Modal	Aspect
Compound

REFERENCES

Dooley J., Evans V. Grammarway 4. – Exprees Publishing, 1999.

Evans V., Obee B. Upstream, Upper Intermediate. – Exprees Publishing, 2003.

Natanson E.A. Practical English Grammar by Correspondence. – Higher School Publishing House. – Moscow, 1973.

Soars J., Soars L. Headway. Advanced. Student’s Book.. – Oxford University Press, 1989.

Soars J., Soars L. Headway. Upper-Intermediate. Student’s Book.. – Oxford University Press, 1987.

Каушанская В.Л. Грамматика английского языка. – М:1963.

Daily Mail. – November, 2000; December, 2004; March, 2005.

Daily Telegraph. – April, 2000.

The Mail. – November, 2006.

The Mail on Sunday. – May, 2001.

The Sunday Times. – July, 2000.

The Times. – February, 2003.

Vogue. – April, 2007.

BBC World Service, 2000-2007.

Euronews, 2007

www. bbc.com

www. cnn.com

www. correspondent.net

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