Comment on the grammatical categories of the verbs in bold type.

Model. He speaks good English.

speaks is a form of the verb which is used in the 3^rd person singular, in the Present Indefinite Active, in the Indicative Mood.

Come here!

come is a form of the verb which is used in the Imperative Mood.

John, if I were you I would do it.

were is a form of the verb which is used in the Active Voice, in the Subjunctive Mood.

1. Open the door.

2. He was invited to the concert.

3. She likes tea.

4. If I were you I would go there at once.

5. Please, sit down.

6. The car has been repaired.

7. Who is she dancing with?

8. Listen, I would have done it long before but I had no time.

9. The conference will be held next month.

10. Mary will help him if he asks.

Exercise 5.

Comment on the verbs in bold type using the model.

Model. He does his homework in the evening.

does is a form of a simple, irregular, dynamic, transitive verb which is used in the 3^rd person singular, in the Present Indefinite Active, in the Indicative Mood.

Whitewash the wall.

whitewash is a form of a compound, regular, dynamic, transitive verb which is used in the Imperative Mood.

If only you listened to me!

listened is a form of a simple, regular, dynamic, intransitive verb which is used in the Active Voice, in the Subjunctive Mood.

1. I saw her in the park yesterday.

2. Just rewind that tape, would you.

3. She has been waiting for him for two hours.

4. The essay was rewritten again.

5. Jane’s car turned the corner and disappeared from view.

6. If I were given a chance, I would partake in that concert.

7. Hey everybody, listen up!

8. He was going down to the store to get some milk.

9. If only he were here!

10. If you blackmail a man who has nothing to hide, you get nothing.

THE PRESENT INDEFINITE

Exercise 6.

Change into the 3^rd person singular. Comment on the spelling changes.

Model. We work in Warsaw. – She works in Warsaw.
work – works	We add the ending -S according to the general rule.
They push their way to the front. – He pushes his way to the front.
push – pushes	We add the ending -ES because the verb ends in the sibilant represented in spelling by -SH.

1. We play football at weekends.

2. Fireworks burst up into the dark sky, then fizz to nothing.

3. Buses arrive every hour.

4. They fix old cars in that garage.

5. What do you do for a living?

6. I try everything to lose weight with no success.

7. We teach geography at the local secondary school.

8. They buy books every week.

9. Our mums wash the dishes after meals.

10. The roads pass right through the town centre.

Exercise 7.

Model. He writes letters every day.	He does not write letters every day.
	Does he write letters every day?
In the negative sentence we place the negative particle NOT after the auxiliary verb TO DO (does for the 3^rd person singular).
In the interrogative sentence we place the auxiliary verb TO DO (does for the 3^rd person singular) before the subject and the Infinitive of the main verb after the subject.

(a) Make the following sentences negative and interrogative. Comment on the way of forming.

1. She sings beautifully.

2. He is a student.

3. The sun rises in the east.

4. I like tea.

5. She sounds ill.

6. The road runs down the valley.

7. He reads ten pages a day.

8. We are the champions.

9. They receive guests every other week.

10. The plane lands at 14.00.

(b) Put questions to the words in bold type.

1. He visits his grandma every summer.

2. They have five classes a day.

3. Bobby reads his morning papers after breakfast.

4. The bus arrives at 12.35.

5. Her mother is a good cook.

6. I hate his silly jokes.

7. We often go for a walk if the weather is fine.

8. Jenny is a teacher.

9. This book is about Africa.

10. Tommy is my cousin.

(c) Ask all possible questions.

Our teacher explains grammar rules to us every day.

Exercise 8.

Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian and comment on the use of
the Present Indefinite.

Model. He writes letters every day.

Він пише листи кожного дня.

writes is the form of the Present Indefinite Active which denotes a habitual repeated action. The adverbial every day expresses the regularity of the action.

1. Every evening at 9.53 is the ceremony of the handing over the keys.

2. ‘Oh, I forget the milk,’ said the dark lady hurrying off.

3. See what time we get into Port Said tomorrow.

4. Yet snakes kill up to 20,000 people every year – the highest snakebite fatality rate in the world.

5. ‘I don’t think there’s much difference,’ said Leo.

6. Even if you’re on your own, call out loudly to an imaginary companion – most burglars will flee empty-handed rather than risk a confrontation.

7. We get the news every other day by electric telegraph, today we read about the terrible potato famine in Ireland.

8. ‘Does this tea come from there?’ said Bill pointing to the tea plantation passing by.

9. When the city [London] hosts the Olympic Games in 2012, many more millions will pour in to see the sights.

10. Every schoolkid knows that the Earth itself is only 150 million kilometers from the sun.

Exercise 9.

(a) Fill in the gaps with the Present Indefinite or the Future Indefinite.

Note. Mind that a future action is expressed by the Present Indefinite in adverbial clauses of time and condition and by the Future Indefinite in object clauses.

1. He won’t go to sleep unless you … (to tell) him a story.

2. She’ll fall asleep as soon as her head … (to hit) the pillow.

3. I’m going to ask Tom and Nancy when they … (to come) to see us.

4. If you … (to go) by car, you’ll be able to stop wherever you want.

5. Next week I’ll ask him if he … (to go) by car to the seaside.

6. We’ll discuss this matter when she … (to return) from Los Santos.

7. Unless the weather … (to improve), they will have to cancel the game.

8. In case you … (to see) Sunny Duke, tell him to meet me at the airport.

9. As long as we … (to keep) playing well, we’ll keep winning games.

10. Don’t tell her when John … (to leave).

(b) Translate into English using the Present Indefinite or the Future Indefinite.

1. Я запитаю Пола, чи він повернеться з Нью Йорку наступної середи.

2. Я запитаю Пола про Мері, якщо він повернеться з Нью Йорку наступної середи.

3. Якщо ти так продовжуватимеш, ти не складеш іспит.

4. Давай зачекаємо, поки не припиниться дощ.

5. Ми працюватимемо в саду, доки буде світло.

6. Вона не знає, коли приїздять її батьки.

7. Коли її батьки приїдуть, я розповім їм усе.

8. Ми підемо на прогулянку, як тільки пообідаємо.

9. Він чекатиме, поки не повернеться Джейн.

10. Ніхто не знає, чи вони візьмуть участь в роботі коференції наступного року.

Exercise 10.

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