Grammar: Appendix 18

v The Past Perfect Tense.

Exercise 12. Make up six sentences from the table. Make each of them interrogative:

I	had	(not)	posted the letter	by 5 o’clock
He	received the cheque	by that time
She	made the presentation	before I left the office
We	finished to check the ledger
You	called to the sales manager
They	earned high profit

Exercise 13. Choose the right form of the verb from the brackets:

1. Now she was glad she ….. his instructions away (was not throwing / did not throw / has not thrown / had not thrown). 2. Our business partners …. in the city three days before they informed us (were / has been / had been / were being). 3. I spent a lot of money on the equipment, we … and I chose cheaper company to buy (were buying / have bought / bought / had bought). 4. I was very much surprised when I heard he … so young person in the financial department (employed / was employing / has employed / had employed). 5. He found that he …. just … a lot of money on his return (has … left / had … left / have… left). 6. We … new prices when he arrived to discuss them (have not received / has not received / didn’t receive / hadn’t received). 7. I….. advertising materials by 8 o’clock (have prepared / prepared / has prepared / had prepared / was preparing).

Exercise 14. Change the following sentences into the Past Perfect Tense:

1. Last year out students won a gold medal for the third time. 2. We changed the overall strategy of our business timely. 3. He designed this new brand several years ago. 4. They spent a half of their saving on new sport equipment. 5. They used buildings and machinery effectively to produce final goods and services. 6. The previous summer we increased prices for our products for the first time.7. This fact forced us to make difficult choice the other day.

Exercise 15. Replace the infinitives in brackets by the Past Indefinite or the Past Perfect:

1. Yesterday we (to discuss) the report of our marketers about the situation in the global market that we (to get) some days before. 2. When our manager (to say) about the new contract with wholesalers, I (to begin) to prepare the price list. 3. Representatives of our company and our business partners (to finish) discussion by 9 o’clock. 4. He (to tell us) many interesting things he (to hear) at the meeting. 5. Peter (to show) us his annual report that his manager (to prepare) for him. 6. Retailers (to inform) about their refusal by the time he (to come back) home. 7. The bank officer (to call) me before I (to leave) the office.

Exercise 16. Complete the sentences with the best form of the verb in brackets. Use one verb in the Past Indefinite and the other in the Past Perfect:

1. After she … (make) a few notes, she … (start) writing the introduction to the Annual Report. 2. Gary … (be sure) that he … (send) the fax before leaving the office. 3. Sales manager (say) he never (see) those people before. 4. Once I … (speak) to our partners from Germany, I … (realize) there had been a misunderstanding. 5. After Jill … (sign) her first contract with wholesalers, she … (feel) much less nervous. 6. Before Edit … (become) Michael Edward’s personal assistant she … (already work) in the company for two years. 7. I … (not see) the figures before the meeting, so I... (feel) out of place at the discussion. 8. Sorry it took so long. I … (have to) go down to the store room because we … (run out of) paper for the photocopier. 9. The rain … (stop) by the time I … (get out of) the taxi. 10. I … (be) surprised to find that she … (already leave).

Exercise 17. Combine expressions putting them in correct tenses (Past – Indefinite, Continuous, or Perfect) to make a sentence:

Model: to make phone call – to ask to call. – I made a phone call which our general manager had asked me to make.

1. to look for a report – to delete the file with the report in the computer.

2. to look through the advertising materials – to prepare examples of corporate advertisement.

3. to introduce new product – to extend sales.

4. to analyze volume of discounts – to prepare after presentation.

5. to order new products – to make a delivery.

6. to organize a meeting – to sign contracts.

7. to get high interest – to open time deposit.

Exercise 18. Translate into English:

1. Секретар ще не здійснив електронний переказ грошей закордон. 2. Коли представник фірми виробника прийшов, ми саме чекали на нього. 3. Після того як ми пішли додому, я згадав, що забув повідомити бухгалтера про зміни у заробітній платі. 4. Вона була впевнена, що бачила цю корпоративну рекламу раніше, але не могла пригадати яке рекламне агентство її запропонувало. 5. Я відкрив депозит у банку, коли влаштувався на роботу в цей офіс. До цього я просто заробляв гроші. 6. Минулого тижня він їздив на ділову зустріч у фірму, де він провів 3 роки. 7. Торговці в роздріб подякували нам за те, що ми дали їм 5% скидку. 8. Вона сказала, що проаналізувала роботу всіх відділів нашої компанії. 9. Ми порівнювали якість товарів, які я придбав закордоном і в Україні. 10. Коли я звернувся у рекламне агентство, вони вже підписали контракт з іншим виробником.

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