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1. What was the positive result of WW II for Ukrainians?
2. Explain why the revival of Ukraine took a relatively short time.
3. Why did Stalin destroy the Greek Catholic church?
4. Explain why despite the end of the war the UPA continued resistance.
5. What methods were used by the NKVD and SB in Western Ukraine?
6. What is Zhdanovshyna?
7. Characterize the period of the thaw. Tell about positive and negative sides of those times.
8. What were the reasons for the emergence of dissident movement? Did the dissidents enjoy wide support among Ukrainians?
9. Evaluate the economic development of the USSR in the period of stagnation. What were the major differences between Soviet and Western economies?
10. Assess Gorbachev’s economic and political reforms. What historical parallels can be drawn between the policy of the Provisional Government in 1917 and Gorbachev during Perestroika?
11. What happened in August of 1991 in Moscow and what were the consequences of that event for Ukraine and other Soviet republics?
12. Describe Kuchma’s two-vector policy. What were its pluses and minuses?
13. Explain why during the 2004 presidential elections the USA and EU supported Yushchenko and Russia supported Yanukovych.
14. Evaluate Yushchenko’s presidency. What are his achievements and faults?
[1] One fifth (20%) of the deported from Western Ukraine were ethnic Ukrainians, the predominant majority were Poles.
[2] For comparison, in the Stalingrad battle of over 300, 000 German army 91 000 were taken prisoner.
[3] These units consisted of former members of the Carpathian Sich, who were taken prisoner by Hungarians but then released.
[4] Protectorate means a country that is controlled and protected by a more powerful country
[5] They were reorganized into a single battalion and served in Belarus until the end of 1942, when the unit was dissolved and most of its Ukrainian officers were arrested.
[6] Some Jewish historians say that about 1.4 of 2.4 million of Ukrainian Jews were killed.
[7] German Einsatzgruppen, Ukrainian Cossacks of the Bukovynshyi Kurin’ and units of Ukrainian auxiliary police took part in the executions in Babyn Iar.
[8] According to different data, 200 000 or 300 000 of them decided not to return to the USSR after the war because they feared repressions. They settled in Western Europe and North America.
[9] The aim of this limited literacy was dictated by necessity to understand announcements posted on walls.
[10]For political reasons Soviet historians gave exaggerated numbers: 200,000 or even 500,000.
[11] Some patriotic historians give other numbers such as 100,000 or even 300,000. The majority of historians consider these numbers highly exaggerated and politically motivated.
[12] Roman Shukhevych (Taras Chuprynka) was the former commander of Nachtigall.
[13] Some Polish historians give extremely politicized and unrealistic data such as 200,000 or even 600,000. Ukrainian historians usually write about 35.000 killed.
[14] The equivalents for Germany, France and Britain were one in fifteen, one in seventy-seven and one in a hundred and twenty-five.
[15] Only Belarusian villages suffered more: 686 Belarusian villages were burned with their inhabitants as punishment for Soviet partisan activities.
[16] Jewish historians usually tend to exaggerate the number (over 2 million), to show the extent of the Holocaust and to justify the restoration of Israel in 1947. Independent historians calculated that from 850,000 to 1 million Jews perished in Ukraine in WW II. Jews made up a quarter of Soviet Ukraine’s city population in 1926; in the 1960-70s – 3-4 percent. Western Ukraine lost almost all her Jewish people as a result of the war.
[17] Ukraine and Belarus were given UN membership as compensation for their extreme losses during WW II.
[18] Moscow was founded by the Kyivan prince Iurii Dolgorukii in 1147, several centuries later than Kyiv.
[19] A cosmopolitan literally means a citizen of the world.
[20] Instead of Crimea a Jewish autonomous republic was established in Siberia.
[21] His body was placed to the mausoleum next to the body of Lenin. In 1961 Khrushchev removed Stalin’s body from the mausoleum and buried it in the Kremlin wall.
[22] By reducing the size of private plots Khrushchev planned to make peasants interested in spending more time in collective farms.
[23] Corn occupied one-third of the arable land in Ukraine.
[24] That “brainwashing” was successful because Ukrainians did not have alternative sources of information.
[25] About 80 percent of Ukraine’s large enterprises were involved in arms production.
[26] As a result of it, the Greek Catholic Church was rehabilitated in Ukraine in 1989.
[27] In 1990 the economic situation in Poland was worse than in Ukraine.
[28] Russia gave cheap energy resources; the West gave financial aid.
[29] That was a result of unwise tax policy. Sometimes taxes reached 90%. Much of economic activity therefore escaped into the ‘shadow economy.’
[30] In contrast to the USA and the EU, Russia recognized the official results and congratulated Yanukovych on victory.
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